• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.341-351
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• 2019

This study examines factors related to the safety of housing for elderly people. Because of the diverse problems that may occur due to aging, elderly residents may have special needs related to housing. To identify relevant factors, first, focus group interviews were conducted with six individuals aged 65 or older. Then, a Delphi survey was conducted on experts; this survey consisted of a questionnaire on factors related to the safety of housing for elderly people. Issues to address in the questionnaire were identified in the focus group interviews and also through an examination of literature published domestically and overseas. In the Delphi survey, opinions were collected from the experts; these opinions were then revised, collated, and analyzed. The factors identified in these steps were verified using a content validity index. As a result, a total of seven primary factors - outdoor environment, entrance, indoor environment, living room, bedroom, kitchen, bathroom, and restroom - and 23 sub-factors related to elderly people's housing safety were identified. The most frequently mentioned factors were indoor and outdoor stairs, safe flooring materials, and indoor thresholds. It is essential to identify the factors that most affect the safety of elderly people in their residences.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.102 no.2
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• pp.170-175
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the effect on the habitation of Monochamus alternatus, a vector insect of Pine wood nematode by the tended sound stumps for the developing forestry control methods of Pine wilt disease controls. Field cage plots (1 m ${\times}$ 1 m ${\times}$ 1 m) were established 12 units (Experiment1:4 units, Experiment2:8 Units) and were treated 4 kinds(February in 2010, February, April, June in 2011). The adults of M. alternatus were put into 4~5couples each the cage June in 2011. Presence or absence of the larva entrance holes and larva were detailed November in 2011. The larva were appeared in the sound stumps of sapling and young trees tended at February, April, June, the current emergence year of M. alternatus, but were not appeared in the sound stumps of sapling and young trees tended February in 2010, one year before the emergence of M. alternatus. The larva habitated in stumps of sapling were likely to be smaller in size in compare to the larva in stumps of young trees. In case of young tree, the larva were found at the cleft part of bark, but were not found at ridge part of bark. All observed larva appeared at part of bark and between the bark and the woody parts, but were not found at the woody parts. To develop the control guiding principal of sound stump after forest tending practice, further experiment need is in existence oviposition and larvae of vectors by height of stemps.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.88-105
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to find out physical and emotional status, and nursing needs of the pregnant women who were hospitalized by premature labor. The research respondents were 96 from four university hospitals located in Seoul, from June 30, 1996 to September 15, 1995. The research instrument was consisted of 14 items of physical status(discomforts) (Cronbach's=0.86), 17 items of emotional status (Cronbach's=0.89), 33 items of nursing needs (Cronbach's=0.94), and they were measured by 5 level of Likert Scale. The data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean standard deviation, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient as the statistical techniques in the program of SPSS/$PC^+$. The findings were as follows : 1. The perception of physical status was mainly about physicl discomforts during the hospital stay. It included four categories about 'absolute bed rest' 3.48, 'hospital foods' 3.38, 'health care teams' 2.93, 'hospital environment' 2.83 in order of mean of discomforts. The most discomfortable one was "malodor by not doing personal hygiene." The next one was "urination and defecation on the bed using bedpan." 2. The perception of the emotional status was about negative mood related to 'fetus', 'hospitalization' perse, 'personal situation.' The highest score of negative mood was "I am afraid that the baby's condition will be bad if I deliver it before full term." The next one was "I am anxious about whether my baby will be in incubator if I deliver it before full term." 3. The highest mean score among items of nursing needs was "Nurses observe whether the labor come or not with concerns." The next one was "Nurses observe the fetal movement and check up the fetal heart sound." The lowest one was "Nurses help me when I need bedpan." 4. Nursing needs were consisted of four categories : professional, educational, emotional, and physical. The mean score of them was high in professional, educational, emotional, and physical need in order. 5. The physical status was related to "Experience of treatment for maintenance of pregnancy" and "Experience of hospitalization by premature labor". The emotional status was related to "Type of delivery" and "Type of habitation." 6. In the correlation of physical and emotional status, it showed positive correlation between them. The higher score of physical discomfort, the higher score of negative mood(r=0.5113, p=0.0001).

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.49-69
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• 1997

The urgent needs to establish hospice care systems in Korea arise from the following reasons: 0) a drastic increase in chronically ill patients with the increase of aged population: (2) rapid changes in living environment from the traditional habitation (e. g., Many Koreans living in apartment complexes, which is the most popular form of modern residence in recent years, prefer to die in the hospital.): the overall increase in patients with advanced cancer: (4) recent trends in early discharge of terminally ill patients from the limited hospital facilities to accomodate other medical insurance beneficiaries; (5) easy acceptance of euthanasia owing to the recent social atmosphere that belittles the dignity of human life; (6) medical and nursing care of AIDS patient in terminal stage; (7) and the problem associated with inhumane medical care system, overtreatment, and groundless fears against narcotics. Terminally ill patients were used to be treated in the hospital in the past. In these days, however, they are forced to have home cares with little assistance from the qualified medical personnel because of insufficient hospital facilities, which are even short for the need of emergency patients and provide priority cares to medical insurance beneficiaries with other acute problems. And yet, neither are there any administrative organizations nor systematic medical studies that deal with the level of terminally ill patient's need, their family's problems and resources of hospice care systems in Korea. Thus, most patients are not able to get appropriate medical care at the terminal stage of their lives. The objective of this study is to make comprehensive database for various hospice care organization currently in operation, link them through medical information system, and develop an easily accessible hospice care model that meets the need of most Korean people. Our survey results may be summarized as follows: Nationally there are 40 organizations that provide partial or full hospice care. However, these organizations are not linked to any formal medical service network. Furthermore, the objective of hospice care, care principles, personnel with appropriate training, educational programs, standard for care, costs, consulting service to patients' family members, the extent of medical care from professional staff members, status of hospice facility, and management of those institutions are neither clearly defined nor organized compared to the international hospice care standards. The surveys on patients of terminal stage. grouped in hospice and non-hospice care patients. reveal what they want visiting nursing care to help their pain control. psychological. social and spiritual demands. While the more than 90% of hospice care patients want to reduce their pains. the non-hospice care patients. in addition to their desire for pain control. demanded more psychological. social and spiritual helps as well. The results of this research could be utilized to 0) define the standard of hospice care. (2) provide the guidance for hospice medical care costs. (3) establish the database of hospice care systems. (4) develop softwares. (5) build communication network through Medinet. and (6) provide an organized visiting home nursing care system. These information should be a valuable resource to many medical staffs who are involved in cancer therapy. nursing care. and social welfare programs.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.4 s.111
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• pp.108-118
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• 2005

While the recent lift of restrictions in greenbelt areas is expected to generate a number of development plans, there are efforts to create various development plans into spatial plans that consider the natural and ecological conditions of development sites. However, these development plans consider Degree of Green Naturality or Degree of Ecology only when designating areas for conservation within development sites. It is true that they don't fully reflect the value of green areas and wetlands as habitats and natural resources. Therefore, this study built an conservation value assessment model that is applicable to sites where development is planned in Korea by reviewing prior case examples md studies and applied the developed model to a case study area. The site where the conservation value assessment model was applied to is an area around Yongsan-ri and Suha-ri, Doam-myon, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon province where quality natural resources are located in and wend the site. This is a site for the development of Alpensia Resort where a resort including facilities for the Winter Olympics is planned to be introduced. In order to assess the conservation value of the site for Alpensia Resort, a total of eight items including area, distribution of communities, habitation of species with conservation value, functions of habitats, connectivity of habitats, vegetation layers of forests, age of forests, and ratio of non-native plants were studied through literature review and field surveys. The assessment was made by dividing the site into 95 habitats that are perceived by aerial photographs and each habitat unit was assessed on the eight items in a 3-point scale. Each unit habitat assessed in a 3-point scale was segmented into primary, secondary or tertiary areas based on the conservation value. Habitats assessed as primary were designated as priority (absolute) conservation areas and those assessed as secondary and tertiary were set as secondary conservation areas and tertiary conservation areas, respectively. As a result, each area represented 26.9%, 20% and 3% of total site area. Based on this result, habitat management plans were developed to conserve primary conservation areas, improve secondary conservation areas and restore tertiary conservation areas. In addition, a development plan was developed to create habitats in areas where new habitats are requested in order to build an eco-network in the site and a plan to create eco-corridors was proposed. In developing a land use plan for the site, a development plan that considers conservation areas first should be set up based on the outcome of conservation value assessment. This can be linked to the development of an environment-friendly land use plan as well as easing the establishment of a green area and eco-network. This study will facilitate the implementation of the 'conservation before development' principle, which can prevent reckless development, by assessing conservation value in setting up development plans.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.41 no.3 s.114
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• pp.283-300
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• 2006

Gaesung city of North Korea is meaningful because of the development of Gaesung industrial complex as a peace-building project and economical cooperation works between South Korea and North Korea. This article presents the characteristics of natural landscape of Gaesung through geographical names. This research was studied by literature analysis of North Korea, depth interview of North Korean labour and refugees, and second times fieldwork. The main results of this study are as follows. Firstly, the mountain landscape of Geasung revealed on geographical names characterized mountainousness and round shape. Especially, the places where are enclosed by mountain and streams are foggy and rocky. Next the landscape of stream characterizes sandy, unstable, and tidal river. Thirdly the fauna and flora which are reflected on geographical names are hawk, snake, tiger, homed owl, snapping turtle, chestnut tree, pine tree, pear tree, zelkova tree, and willow etcetera. The environmental conditions of habitation of these are similar to the natural environment of Gaesung. Besides, the geographical names related to soil distributed in northern mountain area of Geasung. The place names implicated cliff located on the riverside. In addition to this, the geographical name of 'Bul' implicated plain distributed in the riverside of 'Seoam' which a branch stream of 'Sacheo'. And the place names related rock located in place enclosed by mountain, river, and village. In cnclusion, Gaesung is more important to us as the Gaesung industrial complex and tourism development. But the fundamental research on Gaesung is a few because Gaesung belongs to North Korea. Therefore, this research will be useful for the control and management of Gaesung in the future.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.161-169
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• 2010

Objectives & Methods : To compare the medicinal herbs between Ayurvedic medicine and traditional Korean medicine(TKM), we took reference of major publications related to Ayurvedic medicinal herbs such as Indian Herbal Remedies, Prime Ayurvedic Plant Drugs, with those of TKM. We selected most widely used 130 herbal species of Ayurvedic medicine and compared the similarities and differences with TKM. Comparative factors were the origin, habitation, synonyms, usage, medicinal parts, and precautions. Results : 1. The medicinal herbs Resinatum Lignum(沈香), Arecae Pericarpium(大腹皮), Arecae Semen(檳榔), Carthami Flos (紅花), Camphorum(樟腦), Crotonis Semen(巴豆), Curculiginis Rhizoma(仙茅) used in TKM did exactly correlate in their origins with those of Ayurvedic medicine. 2. Varieties of allied species were found in their origins. Benincasae Pericarpium(冬瓜皮), and Benincasae Semen(冬瓜子) derive from the same plant Benincasa hispida Cogn. for both Ayurvedic medicine and TKM. Interestingly, B. cerifera Savi. is also claimed for same uses in Ayurvedic medicine. This broadened use of allied species is found in various Ayurvedic herbal medicine such as Cannabis Semen(火麻仁) using Cannabis indica Lam., and Curcuma Longae Rhizoma(薑黃) using Curcuma domestica Valeton. This suggests the possibility of their usage also in TKM. 3. Myrrha(沒藥), and Curculiginis Rhizoma concorded their usage with TKM. While Arecae Pericarpium(大腹皮), Arecae Semen(檳榔), Aquilariae Resinatum Lignum(沈香), Pericarpium(冬瓜皮), Benincasae Semen(冬瓜子), Cannabis Semen(火麻仁), Carthami Flos(紅花), Camphorum(樟腦), Crotonis Semen(巴豆), Curcumae Radix(鬱金), Curcuma Longae Rhizoma(薑黃) and Zedoariae Rhizoma(莪朮) revealed varied efficacies according to their part used or usage forms. Conclusion : Both Ayurvedic medicine and TKM reflect the traditional medicine of its regions where is founded. Mutual understanding improves the capability of coping of diverse ailments of present days and also replacing some plants in the days of increasing threat to our environment. Abundant external applications of various plants found in Ayurvedic medicine were particularly useful for TKM to complement its strength in herbal intake.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.158-171
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• 2010

The flora of Deokjeok Island was investigated 35 times from September 2007 to September 2008. Based on voucher specimens, the study indicated that this area consisted of 535 taxa in total; 108 families, 320 genera, 480 species, 2 subspecies, 45 varieties and 8 forms were present. Compositae and Graminae were the first and second most common families surveyed in the region, respectively. Among the more remarkable examples found were four taxa of Korean endemic plants, six taxa of rare and endangered plants designated by National Arboretum, and 55 taxa of specific plants that have been designated by the Ministry of Environment. Furthermore, 50 taxa of naturalized plants were observed and they occupied 17.9% of the total in the surveyed area. Although some parts of the investigated region were disturbed by human impact, the ecological status was comparatively well preserved. However, the area where the remarkable plants were discovered should be more systematically protected. Since the proportion of naturalized plants in the human habitation area was considerably high and the spreading of these plants seems consistent, it is expected that the ecosystem of this area may become critically unstable in near future.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.36 no.1 s.102
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• pp.74-82
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• 2003

This study was carried out to understand how the bird community would change in a stream ecosystem after implementation of close-to-nature river improvement techniques conducted on the Gwacheon, Seocho and Hakyeul reaches in the Yangiae Stream, 'Seoul. At the Gwacheon reach, the number of species and individuals tended to decline. However, at the Seocho reach, the number of species was increased while the number of individuals appeared to be not changed greatly. Especially, density of Dabbling Ducks were rapidly increased. At the Hakyeul reach was both the number of species and the number of individuals were increased. Density of Herons and Dabbling Ducks rose, while density of Wagtails was decreased suddenly. Except the Gwacheon reach, the survey areas were gradually improved in species richness and density after the construction of river improvement. We suggested that the naturally-formed meandering (channel) bar, restoration of riparian vegetation and artificial ponds were helpful for birds habitation, however bicycle path constructed in flood plain was negative.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.141-148
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• 2007

In this research, to develope wooden house model with post & beam structure which is commensurate with domestic environment, we analyzed the size and module of a unit space and space organization of existing habitation, then, based on the result, we tried to suggest general wood house modules. For this, we investigated 98 floor plans for 30 pyeong apartment in Seoul, Gyounggi-do, Gwangju, and Jeolla-do. The results are showed as follows. 1) It has shown that 7 posts distances are available in 2 bay floor plan type - 3.0 m, 3.3 m, 3.6 m, 3.9 m, 4.2 m, 4.5 m, and 4.8 m. 2) It has shown that 8 posts distances are available in 3 bay floor plan type - 3.0 m, 3.3 m, 3.6 m, 3.9 m, 4.2 m, 4.5 m, 4.8 m, and 5.1 m. It was concluded as follows, applying the standard of regulations of horizontal modular coordination design, from $\ulcorner$the standard of modular coordination design in architecture(KSF 1525)$\lrcorner$. 1) The available widths are 3.0 m, 3.3 m, 3.6 m, 4.2 m, and 4.8 m, and the available depths are 3.0 m, 3.3 m, 3.6 m, and 4.2 m. 2) To guarantee a space through post module of a room combination, we can use a module of 3.6 m, 4.2 m, 4.8 m except 3.0 m, 3.3 m among available modules. The module investigated in post & beam structure wooden house is applied in basic 6 floor plans as follows. 1) When organize the room on the basis of tile module of 3.6 m, 4.2 m, it was possible to organize the floor plan. 2) After arranging main room, making practical application of variableness which is advantage of post & beam structure, putting to practical use of extra space that becomes the combination of atypical room such as kitchen, dining room, and bathroom, it was possible to organize the floor plan of the residence. 3) It is possible to organize whole rooms through the plan module from 3.6 m to 4.2 m, that decides the floor plan of a wooden house.