• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.349-357
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• 2004

Emergy is a measure of the processes required to produce something expressed in units of the same energy form. Emergy based indices can provide insights into the thermodynamic efficiency of the process, the quality of its output, and the interaction between the process and its surrounding environment. However, in an industrial system, the inputs are mostly nonrenewable, renewable energy source is nearly zero, ultimate purpose is pursuit of profits in economic activity. In study, we present two indices based on emergy - EEE(Ecological Economic Efficiency) and ERI(Environmental Responsibility Index). The EEE is taken into account real value of product in market economy. The ERI is shown to be a function of the net yield of the economy, its ‘load’ on the environment and ecological economic efficiency. Manufacturing industry of Korea produced the 30% of total GDP in 2001. We applied these indices to manufacturing industry for environmental management and further sustainable industry. As a results, the highest ERI is 0.34 in recycling industries, the lowest ERI is 0.01 in coke, refined petroleum products which is dominated by ELR. The higher ERI, the more friendly to environment. The suggested indices help us understand relative contributions of various alternatives in company's production and consumption activity, and provide a tool of decision-making for the rearrangement of future industries. Furthermore, they contribute to environmental friendly operation and consumption.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.528-542
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• 2013

이 글은 독일을 사례로 기후변화에 대응하여 국가 차원에서 추진하고 있는 에너지정책의 방향과 전략 그리고 수단 등을 고찰해 보고자 한다. 이 연구를 통해 밝혀질 독일의 기후변화에 대응한 에너지정책은 온실가스의 배출을 줄이고 에너지자원 위기를 극복하기 위해 노력하고 있는 우리나라의 에너지정책에도 적잖은 시사점을 제공할 것이다. 독일의 에너지정책은 기본적으로 에너지 경쟁력 확보, 에너지 공급의 안전성 보장, 친환경적 에너지 이용이라는 3대 정책기조를 확립하고 이를 달성하기 위해 2050년까지의 구체적인 지향 목표를 설정하고, 에너지 절감과 효율 증진과 재생에너지 이용 확대의 2대 중점 전략적 과제를 추진하고 있다. 이에 따라 에너지 관련 제도의 지속적인 개편 및 다양한 정책적 수단을 개발하여 시행하고 있다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.10-16
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• 2011

Diesel particulate filter is being recognized that it is the most effective technologies to reduce particulate matter. In this study, to determine the characteristics of the cell-open-type pDPF, we employed p-DPF to exhaust gas tunnel of diesel engine and surveyed filtration efficiency and BPT on the basis of PM which is exhausted from engine. In this paper the soot loading mass in DPF can be predicted from increase of differential pressure of DPF so that we can measure filtration efficiency and Balance Point Temperature (BPT) by soot loading mass. The result of the research showed that the filtration efficiency is 65% in ESC mode with 0.7mm hole diameter. For the results of the characteristics of filtration efficiency and BPT according to mass_exh, we found that if mass_exh increases, filtration efficiency increases and BPT decreases.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.846-849
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• 2018

Wireless power transfer (WPT) is the technology that enables the power to transmit electromagnetic field to an electrical load without the use of wires. There are two kinds of magnetic resonant coupling and inductive coupling ways transmitting from the source to the output load. Compared with microwave method for energy transfer over a long distance, the magnetic resonance method has the advantages of reducing the barrier of electromagnetic wave and enhancing the efficiency of power transmission. In this paper, the wireless power transfer circuit having a resonant frequency of 13.45 MHz for the low power system is studied, and the hardware implementation is accomplished to measure the power transmission efficiency for the distance between the transmitter and the receiver.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2012

Knowledge of the solar radiation components and classified wavelength data are essential for modeling many solar photovoltaic systems. This is particularly the case for applications that concentrate the incident energy to attain high photo-dynamic efficiency achievable only at the higher intensities. In order to estimate the performance of concentrating PV systems, it is necessary to know the intensity of the beam radiation, as only this components can be concentrated, and The new PV cell can generate electricity from ultraviolet and infrared light as well as visible light. The Korea Institute of Energy Research(KIER) has began collecting solar radiation components data since January, 1988, and solar radiation classified wavelength data since November, 2008. KIER's solar radiation components and classified wavelength data will be extensively used by concentrating PV system users or designers as well as by research institutes. It is essential to utilize the solar radiation data as application and development of solar energy system increase. Consider able efforts have been made constructing a standard data base system from measure data.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.625-639
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• 2019

The concept of the combined seismic and energy retrofitting of existing reinforced concrete (RC) buildings was examined in this paper through a number of case studies conducted on model buildings (simulating buildings of the '60s-'80s in southern Europe) constructed according to outdated design standards. Specifically, seismic and thermal analyses have been conducted prior to and after the application of selected retrofitting schemes, in order to quantify the positive effect that retrofitting could provide to RC buildings both in terms of their structural and energy performance. Advanced materials, namely the textile reinforced mortars (TRM), were used for providing seismic retrofitting by means of jacketing of masonry infills in RC frames. Moreover, following the application of the TRM jackets, thermal insulation materials were simultaneously provided to the RC building envelope, exploiting the fresh mortar used to bind the TRM jackets. In addition to the externally applied insulation material, all the fenestration elements (windows and doors) were replaced with new high energy efficiency ones. Afterwards, an economic measure, namely the expected annual loss (EAL) was used to evaluate the efficiency of each retrofitting method, but also to assess whether the combined seismic and energy retrofitting is economically feasible. From the results of this preliminary study, it was concluded that the selected seismic retrofitting technique can indeed enhance significantly the structural behaviour of an existing RC building and lower its EAL related to earthquake risks. Finally, it was found that the combined seismic and energy upgrading is economically more efficient than a sole energy or seismic retrofitting scenario for seismic areas of south Europe.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.58-67
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• 2023

While extensive research is being conducted to reduce greenhouse gases in industrial fields, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has implemented regulations to actively reduce CO₂ emissions from ships, such as energy efficiency design index (EEDI), energy efficiency existing ship index (EEXI), energy efficiency operational indicator (EEOI), and carbon intensity indicator (CII). These regulations play an important role for the design and operation of ships. However, the calculation of the index and indicator might be complex depending on the types and size of the ship. Here, to calculate the EEDI of two target vessels, first, the ships were set as Deadweight (DWT) 50K container and 300K very large crude-oil carrier (VLCC) considering the type and size of those ships along with the engine types and power. Equations and parameters from the marine pollution treaty (MARPOL) Annex VI, IMO marine environment protection committee (MEPC) resolution were used to estimate the EEDI and their changes. Technical measures were subsequently applied to satisfy the IMO regulations, such as reducing speed, energy saving devices (ESD), and onboard CO₂ capture system. Process simulation model using Aspen Plus v10 was developed for the onboard CO₂ capture system. The obtained results suggested that the fuel change from Marine diesel oil (MDO) to liquefied natural gas (LNG) was the most effective way to reduce EEDI, considering the limited supply of the alternative clean fuels. Decreasing ship speed was the next effective option to meet the regulation until Phase 4. In case of container, the attained EEDI while converting fuel from Diesel oil (DO) to LNG was reduced by 27.35%. With speed reduction, the EEDI was improved by 21.76% of the EEDI based on DO. Pertaining to VLCC, 27.31% and 22.10% improvements were observed, which were comparable to those for the container. However, for both vessels, additional measure is required to meet Phase 5, demanding the reduction of 70%. Therefore, onboard CO₂ capture system was designed for both KCS (Korea Research Institute of Ships & Ocean Engineering (KRISO) container ship) and KVLCC2 (KRISO VLCC) to meet the Phase 5 standard in the process simulation. The absorber column was designed with a diameter of 1.2-3.5 m and height of 11.3 m. The stripper column was 0.6-1.5 m in diameter and 8.8-9.6 m in height. The obtained results suggested that a combination of ESD, speed reduction, and fuel change was effective for reducing the EEDI; and onboard CO₂ capture system may be required for Phase 5.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 유체기계공업학회 2004년도 유체기계 연구개발 발표회 논문집
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• pp.546-551
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• 2004

An applying Thermodynamic method for the purpose of measuring hydraulic efficiency of pump-motor system, based on IEC60041 code, is not easy to adopt at field test. Even though there were splendid development in measuring technic in discharge measuring through the hydraulic machina lots of unsolved problems concerned in flow-rate are still remain in measuring hydraulic efficiency in hydraulic machine. The key point in measuring hydraulic efficiency is to measure exact flow-rate. So, Thermodynamic methode provides a good solution. This methode measures hydraulic efficiency by detecting the difference of temperature and pressure between the hydraulic process of machine, without measuring flow-rate of pump or turbine. By measuring temperature in mk level and absolute pressure in pascal, we can get a difference of thermodynamic specific energy in Moliere chart before and after of hydraulic process, md that difference is equal to hydraulic loses. Following the standard in proceeding Thermodynamic methode, I hope these trial and records make others be familiar to the thermal methode and make it easer to beginner for trial.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.233-236
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• 2006

In this paper, I try to measure characteristic transmission-reflection by environmental change or solar cell. I keep my eye on the characteristics variation of solar cell as environmental change. As a result, A variation caused by voltage by an effect on the efficiency of solar PV cell. Hence, it is an important variable when a designer plan to make a solar cell.

• 태양에너지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.68-73
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• 1988

In the glass/TCO/p-i-n a-Si/Al type of amorphous silicon solar cell, the effects on solar cell efficiency and metastability for the various kinds of TCO analyzed by SAM and ESCA, which was used to measure the diffusion profiles of In and Sn and the Fermi energy shifts in the TCO/p interface respectively. Indium which diffused into a-Si p-layer did not have any significant effects on the Fermi level shift of p-layer when the content of $B_2H_6/SiH_4$ in p-layer was at 1 gas%. The cell fabricated on $SnO_2$ turned out to have the best cell photovoltaic characteristics. ITO fabricated by electron beam deposition system, which was shown to have the greatest rate of diffusion of Indium in ITO/p interface produced the worst metastability among the cells tested.