• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.317-328
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• 2001

The purposes of this study were to develop the empowerment education program, to describe the experiences of diabetes patient's empowerment process and to develop a theoretical model of the diabetes patient's empowerment process. Method 1. : The development of the empowerment program for the diabetes patients: The strategies of the empowerment education program were enhancement of problem - solving, decision making, self-efficacy, self-control. participation and mutual support. Method 2. : According to the grounded theory methodology of Strauss and Corbin, the qualitative data was collected with in depth interviews and participants observations until its saturation when the 25 consented subjects were participating and interacting with the other subjects in the empowerment education program. Results: With the analysis of the data, 29 categories were generated. The core category generated, which was a central phenomenon of the empowerment process, was named powerlessness. The intervening conditions facilitating or impeding the empowerment process were discovered as supportive systems through the participation of group meeting, problem solving dialogue, and the knowledge deficit of self-care. The action/interaction strategies were developed as the paricipating, dialoguing, questioning, supporting system, self-controlling, self efficacy, enhancing self-esteem. stress relaxing and instillation of hope.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.335-348
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• 2018

Purpose: This study has been conducted to develop and examine a health promotion empowerment program using a lay health leader for frail elderly. Methods: The research was organized in a nonequivalent control group pre-post test design. Data collection was performed from August 18 to October 8, 2015. The subjects included 76 frail elders aged over 65 registered in home visiting services (Experimental group=39, Control group=37). A health promotion empowerment program using a resident volunteer as a lay health leader was run for 8 weeks. Health factors (health promotion behavior, perceived health status and frailty) and empowerment factors (empowerment, social participation) were assessed. The data were analyzed by using the SPSS/WIN 18.0 program. Results: After the program, health promotion behavior, perceived health status and social participation increased in the experimental group more significantly than in the control group, but frailty decreased in the experimental group greater than in the control group. Conclusion: The health promotion empowerment program using a resident volunteer as a lay health leader was effective. Therefore, the health promotion empowerment program needs to be expanded to other frail elders. Also, a health leader should be recommended as a public health resource and systematically managed.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.50-63
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to develop and evaluate the effects of an empowerment program. Method: We developed an 8-week empowerment program to decrease cancer symptoms and increase self-efficacy, self-esteem, and empowerment. This program includes aspects concerning self-knowledge and management, self-help groups, self-advocacy, resource network, and laughter therapy. We evaluated the effects of this program on 32 home-based cancer patients (one group pretest-posttest design). The data collection was performed from August 22, 2011 to October 13, 2011. Data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 18.0 program. Result: There were significant differences in self-esteem derived from the empowerment program. However, there were no significant differences in cancer symptoms, self-efficacy, and empowerment after the program. Conclusion: More research, using a control group pretest-posttest design that considers an appropriate intervention duration, is needed to more accurately examine the effects of the program. We expect this intervention to improve the empowerment of home-based cancer patients.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.393-401
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a six week self-help empowerment strategy program on the empowerment status, pain intensity, physical function, joint flexibility and depression status in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Method: The subjects of the study consisted of a convenience sample thirteen rheumatoid arthritis patients. Data was collected from July to November, 2001. All patient received a self-help empowerment strategy program, once a week for six weeks. Result: After receiving the self-help empowerment strategy program, the empowerment status increased significantly, the pain intensity and the depression score decreased significantly and the level of physical function significantly improved but the flexibilities of shoulders, knees and ankles were not significantly changed. Conclusion: Further studies need to be done to determine the feasibility of implementing empowerment strategy and its possibility as an effective intervention program for decreasing pain intensity and depression score and improving the physical function.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.117-127
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• 2019

Purpose: This study was conducted to test the effects of a spiritual care empowerment (SCE) program on the psychological empowerment for nursing students. Methods: A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. The participants were 80 nursing students (41 in the experimental and 39 in the control group) recruited from the D and S universities. The SCE program used in this study was developed based on the Zimmerman's Psychological Empowerment Model. The experimental group attended 9 sessions of a SCE program. Sessions were 90 minutes each, held twice per week for 5 weeks. Data were analyzed using Chi-square, Fisher's exact test, and t-test using SPSS/WIN 18.0. Results: Intrapersonal (self esteem and existential well-being), interactional (empathy), and behavioral (spiritual care competence) components were significantly improved in the experimental group after the intervention compared to the control group. Conclusion: The results show that the SCE program could be effective in improving the psychological empowerment of nursing students. Accordingly, the SCE program would be applied to the nursing curriculum that enhances students' psychological empowerment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.105-119
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• 2005

Purposes： This study was to examine the effects of empowerment education programs on empowerment and mental health in high school students. Methods： This study involved a nonequivalent control group pre-test and post-test design. The subjects for this study consisted of 421 high school students who attended two general high schools in Busan. The 211 students in the experimental group received empowerment education training, while the 210 students in the control group did not. The data were collected from March 2, 2004 to July 20, 2004. The empowerment education program consisted of 17 separate 50-minute sessions. The questionnire was developedby authors and revised it based on experts' advice. SPSS 11.0 program was used to analyze the data. Chi-square test and t-test were used to test the homogeneity of general characteristics and dependent variables. Student's t-test was used to evaluate the differences between the experimental group and control group after the treatment. Results： Just as we hypothesized, the experimental group exhibited higher empowerment scores than the control group. For subcategory, Score of self-efficacy and self-esteem increased significantly in the experimental group compared to the control group. However, the score of decision-making ability did not increase significantly. The data failed to support our second hypothesis that the experimental group would have higher mental health scores than the control group. Although the score of self-scale increased significantly in the experimental group compared to the control group, the score of social-support and psychopathology did not. Conclusions： Empowerment education programs are effective for empowerment of high school students. However, such training is effective only for promoting the self scale but not overall mental health. Thus, we suggest the application of the empowerment education program to make high school students aware of their abilities. Furthermore, we suggest the implementation of mental health programs to supplement such empowerment education programs.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.154-164
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop an empowerment program as a nursing intervention for mothers who care for a child with cerebral palsy at home and to determine the effects of the program on those mothers' self efficacy, coping behavior and burden. Method: An non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used in this study. An Empowerment program was developed based on Dunst & Trivette's model. Using the program, the study was carried out from Dec. 13, 2003 to Jan. 17, 2004, mothers whose children, aged 1 to 6, were outpatients of the Dept. of Rehabilitation Medicine, at P University Hospital or registered at educational institutions for early disabled children. The experimental group of subjects were included in the new empowerment program which was held for two and half hours every week for 6 times. Results: After treatment with the Empowerment Program, the experimental group was found to be significantly increased in score for self efficacy(t=4.55, p<.01), coping behavior(t=5.54, p<.001), objective burden(t=-3.96, p<.01) and subjective burden(t=-5.05, <.01), in comparison to the control group. Conclusion: The Empowerment Program is very effective in increasing self efficacy and coping behavior of mothers having a child with cerebral palsy and decreasing their burden. Finally, this study would recommend that an empowerment program should be extended to community facilities such as public health offices and welfare centers.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.409-419
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a breastfeeding empowerment program and to investigate the effects of the breastfeeding empowerment program on self-efficacy, adaptation and continuation of breastfeeding for primiparous women. Methods: The 5 session breastfeeding empowerment program was developed and a non-equivalent control group non-synchronized quasi-experiment design was used. Fifty-five participants were assigned to either the experimental group (n=27) or the control group (n=28). Effects were tested using repeated measures ANOVA and $x^2-test$. Results: Scores for self-efficacy, adaptation and continuation of breastfeeding of in the experimental group after program were significantly higher than 1week, 4weeks, 8weeks scores in control group. Conclusion: The effects of the breastfeeding empowerment program for elevating self-efficacy, adaptation and continuation of breastfeeding in primiparous women were validated. Therefore, this program can be recommended for vigorous use in clinical practice.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.151-160
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of empowerment education program on self-efficacy, self-care agency, self-care activities and physiologic parameters among hemodialysis patients. Method: Nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. There were 36 subjects in the experimental group and 35 subjects in the control group. The empowerment education program was administered for 4 weeks (1 time per week). Data were collected pre-treatment and post treatment. The $X^2$-test or Fisher's exact test, ANCOVA, t-test and paired t-test were performed to determine the group differences, using SPSS 14.0 version. Results: Self-efficacy, self-care agency, self-care activities and weight variation significantly improved after the empowerment education program in hemodialysis patients. Conclusion: The empowerment education program for hemodialysis patients was effective to improve the degree of self-efficacy, self-care activities and self-care agency and to decrease interdialytic weight variation.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.40-48
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to describe the empowerment experience of mentally ill persons providing peer support. Methods: Three peer supporters were recruited. A small group interview was conducted with peer supporters in November 2018. The transcribed data were analyzed using a qualitative case study. Results: Three primary themes and seven sub-themes emerged as follows. The first theme is "Personal empowerment," including 1) Remove the sense of helplessness, 2) Be confident, and 3) Establish self-identity. The second theme is "interpersonal empowerment", including 1) Breaking out of isolation and taking an interest in peers, and 2) Assert opinion to family. The last theme was "political empowerment", including 1) Want to legalize "peer support program", and 2) Move to promote "peer support program". Conclusion: Through the activities of peer support, mentally ill persons have diverse empowerment experiences. The results of this study indicated that legislation of the peer support program is necessary to improve their empowerment experience. And it calls for study focusing on the effectiveness and necessity of peer support programs.