• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.95-114
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to examine developmental trends in children's understanding of the effect of emotion on moral transgressions. The subjects were 120 children, 15 boys and 15 girls each at 4, 6, 8, and 10 years of age. The subjects listened to the moral transgression stories which were revised by this investigator based on Arsenio and Kramer's(1992) study. They reported their emotional attribution, justification, and emotional intensity about the story children engaged in moral transgression. The data of the present study were analyzed by ${\chi}^2$ and 2-way ANOVA for repeated measures. The results showed that (1) most of the children expected victimizers to feel happy. While happy responses decreased with age, fear responses increased with age. Most of the four-year-olds expected victims to feel sad, but 6-, 8-, and 10-year-olds expected anger. (2) Most children justified victimizers' emotions in terms of the outcome produced by victimization. This outcome-focused justification decreased with age, but morality-focused justification increased with age. In contrast, most children justified victims' emotion in terms of the victimization. This victimization-focused justification decreased with age, but morality-focused justification increased with age. (3) Most children viewed physical harm more negatively than theft on the part of victims.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.251-265
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• 2017

Purpose: This study is an integrative review to analyze articles about sex education for school age children in Korean journals. This study explored the year, methods, major variables and key findings of previous studies. Methods: Five electronic databases and eleven journals of nursing in Korean language were searched to find studies done until 2017. 75 papers published from 1995 to 2017 were selected (43 were survey studies and 32 were intervention studies). Results: Among the intervention studies, there was no Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) study. Most intervention studies were conducted to change sexual knowledge and sexual attitudes. Among the survey studies, Q methodology and content analysis were used. The subjects' sexual knowledge and sexual consciousness were measured low in some studies. The sex education for school age children was composed of elementary school students' perception, understanding and needs related to sex. In addition, sex education was carried out to improve students' informational aspects such as sexual knowledge, prevention of sexual violence and secondary sexual character as well as emotional aspects such as sexual attitude. However, research on sexual consciousness, sexual values and sexual identity was insufficient. Conclusion: In order to develop an effective sex education program for school age children, it is necessary to consider the degree of their perception, understanding and needs and reflect both the social and cultural aspects as well as the informational and emotional aspects.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.31-42
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• 2018

Objectives: This study aims to alleviate dental hygienists' job stress caused by emotional labor, lower their turnover rate, improve the working environment, and offer better quality of services by understanding correlations among emotional labor, job characteristics, job stress, and turnover intention. Methods: A survey was conducted in the subjects with dental hygienists who were working at general hospitals, dental university hospitals, and private dental clinics located in Seoul, Gyeonggi, and Chungnam by the convenience sampling method from June 1 through 30, 2017, and the collected data were analyzed using by SPSS Windows Ver. 22.0 (IBM CO, Armonk, NY, USA) and AMOS 21. As the statistical analysis methods, convergent validity test, structural equation model analysis and model goodness of fit were conducted using independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, path analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis. Results: It turned out that the more dental hygienists' deep acting of emotional labor and the more their workload of job characteristics, the higher their job stress got, and that the higher their job stress, the higher their turnover intention got. Conclusions: As a method of lowering dental hygienists' turnover intention, they may resolve emotional disharmony with their own problem-solving method, but it is necessary to develop and support organizational culture for the improvement of working environment. Dental hygienists' organizations should implement the measures to minimize their turnover rate and job stress level by allocating appropriate workload.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.367-379
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• 2020

The primary objective of this research is to develop a better understanding of consumer's post-purchase psychological state by examining the influence of sales promotion and emotional brand attachment on post-purchase cognitive dissonance, taking into account the mediating role of impulse buying behavior. The current study addresses several gaps in literature. Firstly, it is hard to find the direct impact of sales promotion and emotional brand attachment on post-purchase cognitive dissonance. Secondly, to the best of our knowledge, few studies have investigated the mediating role of impulse buying behavior in consumer research. A sample of 256 respondents was collected from Pakistani retail consumers. The statistical findings of this study show that sales promotion has a significant positive effect on the impulse buying behavior and post-purchase cognitive dissonance. Furthermore, results indicate that emotional brand attachment has a negative influence on impulse buying behavior but has a significant positive impact on post-purchase cognitive dissonance. Meanwhile, impulse buying behavior is a potential mediator between sales promotion, emotional brand attachment, and post-purchase cognitive dissonance relationships. The moderating role of Gender describes that the positive relationship between sales promotion and post-purchase cognitive dissonance will be stronger for women as compared to men at a higher level of sales promotion.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.61 no.7
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• pp.51-66
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• 2011

The study is intended to suggest the differentiated and subdivided indexes of the leisure fashion market and to provide the marketing strategy establishment and in-depth understanding of leisure fashion business by looking into the correlation between and among fashion involvement, clothing selection criteria and fashion information sources. This study was conducted by the questionnaire response method and the results were derived by using the SPSS 16.0 statistics program. The results of the study were as follows; 1) As a result of researching the difference between the leisure activities consumer groups and fashion involvement, there were significant differences in emotional and cognitive involvement. In the tour activity group and social activity group, emotional involvement was found to be higher than the cognitive experience while in the hobby and sports activity group, both involvements were equally as high. 2) As a result of researching the difference between the leisure activities groups and clothing selection criteria, it was found that the intrinsic and extrinsic criteria were high in the hobby and sports activity group and that the intrinsic criteria was high in the tour activity group and social activity group. 3) In the difference between the leisure activity groups and fashion information sources, it was found that media source, observation source and experience/personal source were high in the hobby and sports activity group. In addition, the experience and personal source were high in the social activity group. 4) In the difference between and among fashion involvement, clothing selection criteria and fashion information sources, it was found that the emotional involvement, intrinsic criteria and observation source were higher in the group of females than males. 5) In the difference between and among fashion involvement, clothing selection criteria and fashion information sources depending on the ages of leisure activities consumers, it was found that the emotional involvement and observation source were high in the group of 20-24 yrs old consumers and that the emotional involvement, intrinsic criteria and observation source were high in the group of 25-29 yrs old consumers. Also, in the group of 30-34 yrs old consumers, the emotional involvement, observation source and experience/personal source were high.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.37-48
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• 2014

Social emotion is being highlighted as an important factor of human life in terms of quality of communication as a variety of social networks are commonly used. To understand such social emotion, this study verifies and analyzes the significance of lexical meaning and expression of emotion basically for understanding of complex meaning of social emotion. The emotional expressions represented in SNS text messages, one of the major channel of communication, are examined in this study to create scales of meaning and expression and to understand the differences deeply. As a result of the analysis, it turned out that negative assessment factors were more than positive ones among social emotional factors while positive ones were outstandingly many in the case of social emotional expression. Social emotional factors were classified by basic emotional elements and valences while emotional expression included complex meaning and especially positive elements were dominant in general.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.181-188
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• 2012

Body movements of humans have emotions and these movements have meanings of 'Living Spirits' and 'Emotions'. Also emotions of humans indicate all body movements which are made within the environment. This study aims at providing new potentials to emotional design research methods not only by understanding the characteristics of visual perception according to body movements and but by investigating correlations between sequence which arise by the visual perception and emotions through experiments. As for the scope and method of this study, the emotional space designs were analyzed through the emotional theory study, SD method was used to evaluate emotions and the movements in the modern village and traditional village with similar elements were compared and analyzed for the empirical study. As a result, first it was confirmed waling hours in the traditional village took more than the modern village and it is thought movements of humans are affected by the visual environments. Second, it was confirmed values of the emotional evaluation were higher in the traditional village than the modern village. Third, according to a result of the correlation analysis between space sequence and emotions, it was closed with negative emotions such as 'Closed', and 'Complicated' from positive emotional words such as 'Natural'. 'Open', 'Curious', etc. as spaces are experienced more through movements in the modern village. On the contrary, the emotional intensity of the positive words such as 'In Harmony', 'Beautiful' and 'Warn' through movements in the traditional village increased as spaces were experienced more. As a result of this study, it was confirmed the time, space and emotions have correlations each other.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.154-160
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• 2021

Objectives: This study identified the association between excessive exposure to screen media and behavioral and emotional problems in elementary school students. Methods: A total of 331 parents of children aged 7-10 years were recruited from "The Kids Cohort for Understanding of Internet Addiction Risk Factors in Early Childhood (K-CURE)" study. Children's demographics, household media ownership, screen time, and behavioral/emotional problems were assessed using a parental questionnaire. Children's behavior/emotional problems were measured using the Korean version the of Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL) score. Results: The total K-CBCL score in the screen overuse group was 51.18±9.55, significantly higher than 47.28±10.09 in the control group (t=2.14, p=0.05). For each subscale, the externalization score (51.65±10.14, 48.33±8.97, respectively; t=2.02, p<0.05), social problem score (55.41±6.11, 53.24±5.19, respectively; t=2.27, p<0.05), and rule breaking behavior score (55.71±6.11, 53.24±5.19, respectively; t=2.27, p<0.05) were significantly higher in the screen overuse group than in the control group. In addition, the screen overuse group also had a significantly higher usage rate than the control group, even if limited to smartphones, not only on weekdays (3.56±2.08, 1.87±2.02, respectively; t=-4.597, p<0.001) but also weekends (1.62±0.74, 1.19±0.83, respectively; t=-3.14, p=0.003). Conclusion: The study suggested that screen media overuse patterns in children in Korea are particularly relevant to the excessive use of smartphones and are related to higher risks of emotional and behavioral problems.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.445-458
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among violence experience, emotional labor, positive psychological capital and job burnout in psychiatirc and emergency department nurse. During June and July 2021, date were collected from 183 psychiatric and emergency department nurse in J, K and I cities. Date were analyzed using hierarchical analysis with the SPSS WIN 21.0 programs. Emotional labor and verbal experience were positively correlated with burnout of psychiatric and emergency department nurse. Also positive psychological capital was negatively correlated with burnout. Violence experience, emotional labor and positive psychological capital were significant factors, explaining approximately 62.7% of the variance in burnout. These finding indicate that it will be more effective to strategies that can increase positive psychological capital that prevent burnout. Also based on these results, emphasizing the importance of understanding violence and emotional labor is needed to decrease burnout.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.83-89
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• 2013

Objectives : It is known that children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience significant difficulty in recognizing facial emotion, which involves processing of emotional facial expressions rather than speech, compared to children without ADHD. This objective of this study is to investigate the differences in facial emotion recognition between children with ADHD and normal children used as control. Methods : The children for our study were recruited from the Suwon Project, a cohort comprising a non-random convenience sample of 117 nine-year-old ethnic Koreans. The parents of the study participants completed study questionnaires such as the Korean version of Child Behavior Checklist, ADHD Rating Scale, Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version. Facial Expression Recognition Test of the Emotion Recognition Test was used for the evaluation of facial emotion recognition and ADHD Rating Scale was used for the assessment of ADHD. Results : ADHD children (N=10) were found to have impaired recognition when it comes to Emotional Differentiation and Contextual Understanding compared with normal controls (N=24). We found no statistically significant difference in the recognition of positive facial emotions (happy and surprise) and negative facial emotions (anger, sadness, disgust and fear) between the children with ADHD and normal children. Conclusion : The results of our study suggested that facial emotion recognition may be closely associated with ADHD, after controlling for covariates, although more research is needed.