• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.21-34
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• 2016

In the design and develop a virtual character, it is important to correctly deliver target emotions generated by the combination of facial expression and gesture. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of congruent/incongruent between gesture and facial expression on target emotion. In this study four emotions, joy, sadness, fear, and anger, are applied. The results of study showed that sadness emotion were incorrectly perceived. Moreover, it was perceived as anger instead of sadness. Sadness can be easily confused when facial expression and gestures were simultaneously presented. However, in the other emotional status, the intended emotional expressions were correctly perceived. The overall evaluation of virtual character's emotional expression was significantly low when joy gesture was combined with sad facial expression. The results of this study suggested that emotional gesture is more influential correctly to deliver target emotions to users. This study suggested that social cues like gender or age of virtual character should be further studied.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.115-123
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• 2009

The change of digital technology caused not only the whole human life but also the change of a thinking form and an expression method of human beings. Also, the interactive communication structure became to form in space structure, and space users also get changed to an active system. The interaction between a human being and space, which uses digital media as a medium, makes a human being experience sensitivity through a cognitive process of a human being. The present research aimed to find out characteristics and expression of emotional space applied with digital technology based on the relationship between media space and cognitive functioning and to realize new emotional space. The research method was to define on digital media and experience by cognition of a human being through a literature research and a precedent research and to consider on approach to emotional space through experience of a cognition process like this. Based on the theory like this, the present research progressed by focusing on dramatized characteristics of experience in the digital media space and emotional space expression by induced characteristics. Through the analysis like this, the space applied with digital media could appear as a field of communication that can experience by forming mutual relation through perception of a human being. Additionally, the space induces active participation of a human being through various productions of media and responds to movement, and thus, this suggested infinite possibility as emotional space that can try new experience by stimulating a sense as effect of a cognitive process of a human being.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.265-277
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• 2015

This study examines child emotional intelligence in relation to mother's emotional expressiveness and reaction to child negative emotions. A sample of 352 children and mothers from 4 elementary schools in Seoul and Gyeonggi participated in the study. Child emotional intelligence and mother's reaction to child negative emotions were evaluated by child-report, and mother's emotional expressiveness was assessed by mother-report. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, two-way analysis of variances, Pearson's correlation and multiple regression analyses. The findings were as follows. First, mothers of boys showed more oversensitive-reaction to child negative emotions than mothers of girls. Mothers of 6th-graders showed more emotion-minimizin-greaction to child negative emotions than mothers of 5th-graders. Second, girls showed a higher level of overall emotional intelligence than boys. Girls showed a higher level of emotion expression and emotion regulation than boys. The 5th-graders showed higher level of emotion expression than 6th-graders; however, 6th graders showed a higher level of emotion perception than 5th-graders. Third, more emotion-coaching-reaction and less oversensitive-reaction by mothers predicted a better emotional intelligence of children. A mother's appropriate emotional socialization behaviors associated with child emotional intelligence were discussed.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.460-467
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• 2021

Among the formative elements, color and form are the most critical elements that can capture a person's perspective. Companies are concentrating on developing visual perception-oriented products by accommodating the diverse needs of consumers, where the emotional factor plays as an important design consideration. Accordingly, the visual perception reaction of consumers was analyzed through a questionnaire focusing on color and form. The result finds that, when Ernst Gombrich (1909-2001) perceives objects in questionnaires related to personal preferences for color and form, humans do not rely solely on the eyes, but describes with the knowledge diagram through that knowledge. In doing so, the knowledge that we already know plays a part to describe the object. In addition, colors and forms are recognized by combining the social and cultural information experiences of the perceiver with the learned knowledge. In the future studies that define the interrelationships of the formative elements should be continued through the analysis of more complex and clear visual perception characteristics of the formative elements.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.3-14
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• 1999

Seven textbooks for children used in homes and schools (sudangs) of the Chosun dynasty were examined to investigate how they taught emotional intelligence in traditional Korean society. The contents of the books were analyzed according to the 4 abilities of emotional intelligence described by Salovey and Mayer (1966): (1) perception, appraisal, and expression of emotion, (2) emotion's facilitation of thinking, (3) understanding and analyzing emotions, and (4) regulation of emotion to promote emotional and intellectual growth. The analysis showed that most of the books valued emotional intelligence and taught children how they perceive, appraise, and express emotions. The emotional ability to facilitate thinking was also emphasized, whereas the ability to understand and analyze emotions was seldom mentioned. It was also found that the regulation of emotion was emphasized; that is, children were educated to control and depress their emotions rather than to express them naturally.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.497-511
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to explore players' perception and emotional reaction toward referee's judgment. The participants of this study were six players (three male and three female) in 2016 national team. The results of this study are as follows: First, the differences in referee judgement were dependant on referees' subjective view point, rapid judging capability, qualification and experience. Second, we found that the a referee's judgement less affected match's results. The countermeasures against the adverse referee judgment include excitement, appeal, flow interruption, thought conversion, and concentration. Third, there were many opinions that both the degree of influence of the referee's judgement and the countermeasures was such that athletes were "not affected". In conclusion, the major determinant of players' performance were game strategy and accuracy of skill although the referee's judgement affected player's emotional reaction both in positive and negative ways.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.485-503
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• 2011

This study was to develope a structural model for risk perception and individual response against terrorism, including several psychological factors - cognitive, social and emotional factors. In this model we measured perceived probability of terrorism, perceived seriousness of the aftermath, and perceived coping(cognitive factors), trust in authorities, in expert group and in preparedness of institutions(social factors), fear and worry(emotional factors), individual preparedness, information seeking, information analysis, and checking relational network(individual behavior responses). Major finding was that cognitive and social factors influenced on emotional factors and then emotional factors influenced on the individual responses. The perceived coping, which one of cognitive factors was linked with individual responses directly and indirectly via emotion factors. We discussed the importance of perceived coping in preparing for terrorism.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.166-185
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• 2012

This study aims to examine the effects of talent types and appearance affect perception on the clothing consumption values in 367 adults(female and male). The present study is the first to consider both talent types and the appearance affect perception on the clothing consumption values correlates to appearance management behaviour. As a results, the talent type of 367 respondents was mean=3.324. The highest talent of 367 respondents was interpersonal talent, the lowest talent was logical-mathematical talent among 8 talent types. The effects of 8 talent types on 5 clothing consumption values were significant on the regression analysis, specifically the results showed that the effects of linguistic, musical, interpersonal and intrapersonal talents among 8 talent factors on the clothing consumption value were significant. Regression results showed that if the practical and the inner-directed appearance affect perception factors among 3 appearance affect perception factors increase by one standard deviation, the social, political, aesthetic, and emotional clothing consumption values increase by each standardized efficient ${\beta}$. The effects of 8 demographic factors on 5 clothing consumption values were significant on the regression analysis, specially, occupation, monthly clothing allowance, income, and sex variables were significant, the results revealed that if the occupation factor(specialist and administrator) increases by one standard deviation, the social, political, aesthetic, and emotional clothing consumption values increase by each standardized efficient ${\beta}$. Finally, this study suggests that the 3 independent variables(talent types, appearance affect perception factors, and demographic factors) were predictors related to clothing consumption values. The higher the score, it was concluded that the independent variables were more active in clothing consumption behaviour.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.602-615
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• 1998

The purpose of this descriptive study was to identify the homecare needs of the discharged patient with cancer as perceived by nurses caring hospitalized cancer patients. At two hospitals in Gyeongnam, 74 nurses responded to an open-ended questionnaire consisting of four need categories : 1) educational & informational need, 2) physical need, 3) emotional need, 4) social need. Respondents were asked to list above ten needs of cancer patient in each category. Two researchers analyzed the data by content analysis method. The findings are summarized as follows : 1) A total of 1,417 need items were generated by nurses. The largest number of needs were in the educational & informational need category(475 items, 36.3%). Physical(414 items, 31.6%), emotional (237 items, 18.1%) need were the second, third largest, and social(184 items, 14.0%) need made up the smallest category. 2) In the educational & informational need category, there were seven subcategories of prognosis, diet & exercise, medication & pain, wound care, folk remedy, personal hygiene, comfort. The need items related to prognosis of cancer accounted for almost a half(48.2%) of the total. 3) In the physical need category, there were ten subcategories of personal hygiene, skin & tissue, nutrition, side effect on treatment, exercise, pain, elimination, equipment, comfort & safety, others. The largest number of needs were in subcategory of the personal hygiene(82 items, 19.8%). 4) In the emotional need category, there were four subcategories of emotional support related to disease, emotional support related to routine life, spiritual support, maintenance of relationship with nurse & doctor. The largest number of needs were in subcatgory of the emotional support related to disease(96 items, 40.5%). 5) In the social need category, there were five subcategories of support for social life, household management, legal support, the use of volunteer service, financial support. The largest number of needs were in support for social life subcategory(58 items, 31.5%).

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.181-188
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• 2012

Body movements of humans have emotions and these movements have meanings of 'Living Spirits' and 'Emotions'. Also emotions of humans indicate all body movements which are made within the environment. This study aims at providing new potentials to emotional design research methods not only by understanding the characteristics of visual perception according to body movements and but by investigating correlations between sequence which arise by the visual perception and emotions through experiments. As for the scope and method of this study, the emotional space designs were analyzed through the emotional theory study, SD method was used to evaluate emotions and the movements in the modern village and traditional village with similar elements were compared and analyzed for the empirical study. As a result, first it was confirmed waling hours in the traditional village took more than the modern village and it is thought movements of humans are affected by the visual environments. Second, it was confirmed values of the emotional evaluation were higher in the traditional village than the modern village. Third, according to a result of the correlation analysis between space sequence and emotions, it was closed with negative emotions such as 'Closed', and 'Complicated' from positive emotional words such as 'Natural'. 'Open', 'Curious', etc. as spaces are experienced more through movements in the modern village. On the contrary, the emotional intensity of the positive words such as 'In Harmony', 'Beautiful' and 'Warn' through movements in the traditional village increased as spaces were experienced more. As a result of this study, it was confirmed the time, space and emotions have correlations each other.