• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.225-232
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among emotional labour, emotional expression and burnout of clinical nurse. Method: Data was collected from convenient sample of 178 nurses in 4 cities. The questionnaire measured the level of emotional labour, emotional expression and burnout of clinical nurse. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Result: The mean score of emotional labour was 3.34(${\pm}.41$), emotional expression was 3.49(${\pm}.51$), burnout was 2.94(${\pm}.58$). There were significant differences on burnout according to age, marital status, religion, clinical career, working unit, level of job satisfaction, satisfaction of work load, satisfaction of interpersonal relations. There was a significant positive correlation between emotional labour and emotional expression. The emotional expression was a significant negative correlation with burnout. Conclusions: From the studies reviewed, it can expect the positive effect to decrease the burnout of clinical nurses when the nurse administrators who have concern about nurses' emotional expression. These findings would be significant resource to promote understanding about emotional labour for nurses.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.51-66
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• 2017

Objective: This study aimed to examine the dual mediating effects of preschoolers' emotional temperament and emotion regulation in the relationship between maternal emotional expression and preschoolers' behavior problems. Methods: The participants included 167 preschoolers and their mothers from Daegu city and Gyeonsang province. The mothers completed questionnaires regarding their own emotional expression, children's temperament, emotion regulation, and behavior problems. Results: The primary results of this study were as follows. First, there were significant correlations among maternal emotional expression, preschoolers' emotional temperament, emotion regulation, and problem behaviors. Second, maternal emotional expression had an indirect effect on preschoolers' behavior problems through preschoolers' emotional temperament and emotion regulation. Conclusion: This study revealed that maternal negative emotional expression and preschoolers' temperament and emotion regulation need to be considered simultaneously to explain the level of preschoolers' behavior problems. More specifically, the results highlight the dual mediating effects of preschoolers' temperament and emotion regulation in the relationship between maternal negative emotional expression and preschoolers' behavior problems.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.133-145
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• 2007

The purpose of this research was to identify the importance of emotional development in early childhood, in children ages three to five, by examining the relationship between the variables in the children such as gender, age, and temperament, as well as their mothers' emotionality, in relation to emotional development. The participants included a total of 72 children between three and five years of age. The major findings are as follow: First, there were significant differences in emotional expression and emotional recognition between the boys and the girls. Additionally, the emotional recognition of the children increased as age increased, and more positive strategies for emotional regulation were used with the increasing age of the children. Temperament characteristics did not have any relationship with emotional expression or emotional recognition, while the strategies for emotional regulation were related to the temperament characteristics. Second, the emotional expressivity of the mother was related to the emotional expression and recognition of the child, but wes not associated with strategies for emotional regulation. The emotional reactivity of the mother was related to a child's strategies for emotional regulation, but not to emotional expression or recognition. Third, emotional development of the children wes influenced by the individual child variables and emotionality of the mother.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.97-106
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• 2006

This research examined the relation between emotional expression of parents and self-regulation in children. The subjects were 116 3rd and 6th grade Sunday school children and their parents in 13 churches in Seoul and Kyunggi Province. Data were analyzed by the sex, age and self-regulation of the children and emotional expressiveness of the parents using two-way ANOVA and multiple regression analysis. Results were that mothers showed higher levels of emotional expression than fathers. Positive emotional expression of fathers was related to the self-regulation of sons but not daughters. Positive emotional expression of mothers was related to the self-regulation of daughters but not sons.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.210-217
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• 2009

This paper introduces a design of multi-dimensional complex emotional model for various complex emotional expression. It is a novel approach to design an emotional model by comparison with conventional emotional model which used a three-dimensional emotional space with some problems; the discontinuity of emotions, the simple emotional expression, and the necessity of re-designing the emotional model for each robot. To solve these problems, we have designed an emotional model. It uses a multi-dimensional emotional space for the continuity of emotion. A linear model design is used for reusability of the emotional model. It has the personality for various emotional results although it gets same inputs. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our model, we have tested with a human friendly robot.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.445-457
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• 2019

This study investigated the impact of parentification on ambivalence over the emotional expression of early adults who had a sibling with disabilities and examined if rejection sensitivity moderated the relationship of parentification and ambivalence over emotional expression. Participants consisted of 116 siblings in early adulthood who had a sibling with disabilities (45 male; 71 female). The data were collected from 13 centers for family disability, four community rehabilitation centers, three parent societies for people with disabilities, and three self-help groups in Seoul, Busan, and Gyeonggi province. The levels of ambivalence over emotional expression, parentification, and rejecton sensitivity were measured by the Ambivalence over Emotional Expression Questionnaire (King & Emmons, 1990), the Filial Responsibility Scale-Adult (Jurkovic, Thirkield, & Morrell, 2001), and the Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire (Downey & Feldman, 1996), respectively. The PROCESS Macro program examined the moderating model. The Results indicated that both levels of parentification and rejection sensitivity increased the level of ambivalence over emotional expression of non-disabled siblings. In addition, rejection sensitivity moderated the effect of parentification on ambivalence over emotional expression. The influence of parentification on ambivalence over emotional expression was greater when the level of rejection sensitivity was high, compared to when it was low.

• Proceedings of the Korean DIstribution Association Conference
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• 2007.08a
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• pp.127-158
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• 2007

This study discusses salespersons' emotional intelligence, one of the key abilities necessary to meet customers' needs effectively, and express positive emotions in frequent interactions with customer. Emotional intelligence refers to self-controllability and social ability emphasizing pro-social aspect and understanding of others. This study investigates how salespersons' emotional intelligence affects adaptive selling and positive emotional expression during the process of interaction with customers, and how such adaptive selling and positive emotional expression affects the quality of service perceived by customers. The results show that greater salespersons' emotional intelligence results in better adaptive selling and positive emotional expression. Such adaptive selling and positive emotional expression had significant effects on the quality of service perceived by customers. These results are important in that they address emotional intelligence as salespersons' emotional ability, which has been overlooked as an antecedent variable for improving adaptive selling and display of positive emotion, consequently provide another factor to help salespersons improve their selling behavior.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.50-56
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• 2014

To explore effects on each the emotional awareness, emotional expression, emotional empathy, and emotional regulation, of the sub-factors of the child's emotional intelligence, to mural preference, emotion cultivation, and community connection, the hierarchical multiple regression analyses are performed(as in Table 1, 2, and 3). As the results, we found the following facts. Children's mural preference, emotion cultivation, and community connection were expressed by the following equations in order, respectively. Mural Preference = $.170{\times}$[Emotional Awareness](t=2.118, $p=.036^*$) - $.025{\times}$[Emotional Expression](t=-.275, p=.783) + $.088{\times}$[Emotional Empathy](t=.938, p=.350) + $.139{\times}$[Emotional Regulation] (t=1.529, p=.128). Mural Emotion Cultivation = $-.021{\times}$[Emotional Awareness](t=-.294, p=.769) - $.205{\times}$[Emotional Expression](t=-2.573, $p=.011^*$) + $.265{\times}$[Emotional Empathy](t=3.156, $p=.002^*$) + $.192{\times}$[Emotional Regulation](t=2.361, $p=.019^*$). Mural Community Connection = $-.001{\times}$[Emotional Awareness](t=-.007, p=.995) - $.132{\times}$[Emotional Expression](t=-1.478, p=.141) + $.172{\times}$[Emotional Empathy](t=1.732, $p=.027^*$) + $.098{\times}$[Emotional Regulation](t=1.072, p=.285).

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.58-65
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• 2006

The emotional interface is essential technology for the robot to provide the proper service to the user. In this research, we developed emotional components for the service robot such as a neural network based facial expression recognizer, emotion expression technologies based on 3D graphical face expression and joints movements, considering a user's reaction, behavior selection technology for emotion expression. We used our humanoid robots, AMI and AMIET as the test-beds of our emotional interface. We researched on the emotional interaction between a service robot and a user by integrating the developed technologies. Emotional interface technology for the service robot, enhance the performance of friendly interaction to the service robot, to increase the diversity of the service and the value-added of the robot for human. and it elevates the market growth and also contribute to the popularization of the robot. The emotional interface technology can enhance the performance of friendly interaction of the service robot. This technology can also increase the diversity of the service and the value-added of the robot for human. and it can elevate the market growth and also contribute to the popularization of the robot.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.105-117
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• 2021

This study examined the factors that influence the emotional expression in comments on the hot news about the 'Restaurant Collapse in Linfen City, Shanxi Province' published in Sina Weibo.. As a result of the study, first, there were differences in emotional expression according to gender. Women expressed stronger anger, disappointment, sadness, and condemnation than men. Second, the intensity of emotional expression of users in the eastern region was significantly higher than that of users in the central and western region. Third, the greater the number of Weibo, the total number of blogs where users participated in comments and posted emotional expressions, the stronger the emotional expression was. Fourth, unauthenticated users showed stronger emotional expressions of disappointment and sadness than authenticated users. The results of this study present implications for the factors influencing emotional expression on hot news. This study is meaningful in that it can be compared with social networks such as Twitter and Facebook in the West by looking at the factors that influence emotional expression in the process of online public opinion formation in China, and also meaningful in that a big data analysis method was used in online news analysis.