• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.129-143
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the current status of school safety education and the differences in knowledge and practice of middle school students. Methods: A structured questionnaire was distributed to 418 middle school students in J province. The questionnaires consisted of 35 questions on the status of school safety education as well as the four school safety education domains of first aid, disaster safety, traffic safety, and daily life. Data were analyzed using frequency analysis, cross-tabulation analysis, a t-test, analysis of variance, and Pearson's correlations. Results: Awareness regarding the top seven standards for school safety and interest in school safety education were both relatively low. Among all the different kinds of safety accidents, those related to school violence(33.8%) and life safety(24.9%) were experienced the most in school. A more pleasant school life and better peer relationships led to interest in school safety(p=.000)(p=.000), awareness regarding the top seven standards for school safety(p=.022)(p=.009), adoption of coping measures(p=.000)(p=.000), and practice(p=.000)(p=.000) in case of safety accidents(p=.000)(p=.000). Conclusion: To increase awareness regarding the seven standards for school safety education and raise interest in safety education, it is necessary to cultivate experts and actively utilize them and to prepare systematic and continuous school safety education programs.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.57-70
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) knowledge, anxiety, and psychosocial well-being on the infection prevention behavior of college students in health care. Methods: This study is a descriptive survey research. A total of 301 college students at four health care departments in three regions were surveyed using a structured questionnaire from February 10 to February 16, 2022. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, and one-way ANOVA. Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression analyses were done using SPSS ver. 18.0. Results: Knowledge on COVID-19 was significantly dependent on a family history of chronic disease (p=.049). Anxiety was significantly dependent on test of COVID-19 (p=.040). Gender (p=.049), perceived physical and mental health status (p=.000), and chronic disease (p=.000) had significant effects on infection prevention behavior. When the level of anxiety was higher, the infection prevention behavior was also higher (p=.000) and the psychosocial well-being was improved (p=.017). Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that anxiety significantly improved the infection prevention behavior (𝛽=.396, p<.001) and psychosocial well-being (𝛽=-.139, p=.008), which accounts for 18.5% (F=22.444, p<.001) of the variance. Conclusion: In order to prevent infectious diseases such as COVID-19 and its spread, measures to prevent infection and improve the psychosocial well-being should also be sought.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.53-67
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• 2008

Purpose : This study is descriptive correlation research to provide basic materials for developing program which can give practical assistance in preventing and managing obesity through more comprehensive approaches of influential factors on obesity found in existing literatures. Methods : Data were collected from the 4th, 5th and 6th graders at 2 elementary schools in Gwangju Metropolitan City and 4 elementary schools in Jeollanamdo province using questionnaire and students' physical examination results from June 15 to July 27, 2006 and data obtained from 1,866 students were used for analysis. Data collected were analyzed with technical statistics and correlation analysis using SPSS/PC(version 12.0). Results : 1. Obesity level of elementary school students was examined as follows; 33.2% had low weight, 44.3% normal, 10.8% overweight and 11.7% obese. 14.8% of boys and 8.6% of girls, 13.5% of the 4th graders, 12.1% of the 5th graders and 9.2% of the 6th graders, and 13.7% of urban students and 9.6% of rural students were obese. 2. According to general characteristics and obesity of the subjects, there were significant differences by sex(${\chi}^2=29.55$, p= .000), grade(${\chi}^2=12.84$, p= .046), region(${\chi}^2=41.96$, p= .000) and pocket money(${\chi}^2=33.43$, p= .001). 3. As genetic factors, all variables including sibling's obesity r= .128(p= .000), mother's obesity r= .098(p= .000) and father's obesity r= .081(p= .001) had influence on children's obesity. 4. Concerning environmental factors, there was positive correlation between eating habits r=- .052(p= .02) and school record r=- .048(p= .04) and there was negative correlation between internet using time r= .050(p= .03) and conflict with parents r= .048(p= .04). 5. Self-respect as psychological factor had negative correlation as r=- .048(p= .04). Conclusion : Consequently, the influential factors on obesity of elementary school students were as follows. Obesity was higher in boys than in girls, in urban areas than in rural areas, in lower grade than in higher grade, in children with obese siblings, obese father and mother, irregular and wrong eating habits, frequent internet uses, parents in conflict and lower school record and self-respect. Therefore, since it was found that these variables were more exact causes to increase children's obesity, development of various obesity mediation programs considering these variables at home, school and society is urgently required.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 2008

Purpose : With a view to providing basic data to develop basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation education suitable for female college students, the basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation education was conducted to grasp students' knowledge, skill accuracy and the attitude change before and after the education. Methods : Convenience sampling was made on first graders(total-38 students) of K college located in K city, Chungcheongnam-do, and this was a preliminary research designed before and after choosing a single group. In terms of methods, the researchers as specified ; 1) Handed out questionnaires to students directly to make them fill in firsthand and collected the questionnaires. 2) Utilized Power Point materials based on 2005 AHA guideline and used Anne/Skill Reporter$^{(R)}$ torso produced by Leardal Inc, and Little Anne$^{(R)}$ to conduct practical education individually. 3) Asked students to give Anne/Skill Reporter$^{(R)}$ torso basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation five times with the ratio of 30:2, and then one of researchers filled in the evaluation sheet individually. 4) Evaluated the accuracy of students' ability to perform the resuscitation based on the record of Anne/Skill Reporter$^{(R)}$ integrated printer(which was the objective tool to grasp students' skills accuracy). 5) Gave out questionnaires to make students fill them in and then collected them, after completing the practical evaluation. Results : 1) In case of the attitude(confidence) about basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation, students' confidency rose from 14%(before the education) to 55.5%(after the education)- which was a positive change. 2) In case of the attitude(educational necessity) about basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation, students' confidency rose from 94.7%(before the education) to 100%(after the education)- which was a positive change. 3) As a result of the education, some female college students' scored knowledge about basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The average point also reached 88.95%(after the education), jump from 63.51%(before the education), which was the rise of 25.44%. 4) Regarding skill accuracy, pressure accuracy(%)($M{\pm}SD=91.37{\pm}14.16$) was higher than respiration accuracy(%)($M{\pm}SD=61.55{\pm}26.13$). Conclusion : The result showed that students' attitude(confidence, on basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation changed positively, and meaningful difference(p= .000) existed in the change of students' knowledge. Anne/Skill Reporter$^{(R)}$ performance showed that the accuracy of mouth-to-mouth resuscitation was lower than that of chest compression.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.149-168
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop a safety health education program for the upper graders of elementary school children and to evaluate the program. Methods: The study was designed for learner centered safety education and heath education based on a theory of lifelong education. After a model development of the program was set up, five major units were selected after five stages of program planning, design, acting, evaluation and feedback: school safety, traffic safety, home safety, life safety, and first-aid. Twenty things were selected as what to teach, and a lesson plan of 12 sessions was mapped out by arranging what to teach. The subjects in this study were 114 elementary school students who were in five different sixth-grade classes. Each class received education for five days, in four sessions each, according to the program. Results: The learners showed improvement in safety consciousness, safety knowledge, self-efficacy and safety behavior after they received education according to the safety health education program, and they expressed a lot of satisfaction with the program. Conclusion: It is important to develop the lifelong education for safety health education for the elementary school children.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.5-14
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• 2002

The purpose of the study was to compare on the cognition and attitudes toward the mentally ill person among EMT College Student before and after Psychiatric Nursing Course Work. The data was collected twice before and after Psychiatric Nursing course work during one semester 16-weeks from 71 EMT department Students. Used measurements were self-reported questionnaires about cognition and CAMI questionnaires about attitudes. Analysis of data was done by frequence, percentage and t-test with SAS program. The cognition was changed over positively after then before Psychiatric Nursing Course. Especially, It was answered that needed to learning, caring and curing for mental illness. The study of attitudes for mentally ill person was that authoritarianism, benevolence and social restrictiveness were changed over positively but community mental health ideology was not changed. In conclusion, follwing the results of this study, the psychiatric nursing course work was influenced very much to changing of attitudes and cognition toward mentally ill person. Accordingly, psychiatric nursing curriculum will be offered and psychiatric educators have to emphasize the understanding of attitudes and cognition toward mentally ill person.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.99-109
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• 2017

Purpose: There is no recommended bag-squeezing technique for emergency medical providers to maintain correct tidal volume during mechanical ventilation. This study compared the tidal volume of two different bag-squeezing techniques during mechanical ventilation. Methods: The subjects were 38 paramedic students who were trained in airway management techniques. Two different bag-squeezing techniques were used with a bag valve mask on an intubated manikin: a conventional technique and a finger-marked, in which the bag is squeezed until the thumb and the middle finger come into contact. Hand size and grip strength were measured and analyzed statistically. Results: The mean tidal volumes for the finger-marked were significantly higher than those for the conventional technique ($542.6{\pm}35.92mL$ versus $338.0{\pm}111.15 mL$, p<.001). There was a correlation between the two techniques (Pearson $x^2=1.160$, p<.001). The subject's characteristics, including sex, hand size, and grip strength, showed no correlation with tidal volume. Conclusion: A finger-marked bag-squeezing technique provides adequate and correct tidal volumes during mechanical ventilation.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.67-81
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• 2014

Purpose : The purpose of the study is to provide the basic data for preceptorship education program development by analyzing the recognition and acceptance concerning the introduction of preceptorship to ambulance ride practice of 119 EMT-paramedics in Korea. Methods : A self-reported questionnaire was filled out by 157 paramedics in the fire fighters from December 21, 2013 to February 12, 2014. The questionnaire consisted of 31 questions and the data were analyzed by SPSS version 21.0. Results : Most of the subjects answered the positive choice and were very interested in the introduction of preceptorship in the prehospital settings. Mean of preceptorship acceptance level was 3.64 points in 5 points Likert scale and 75.4% of the subjects were able to explain the preceptorship. 57.4% of the subjects considered that preceptorship was an effective training method. Conclusion : Most of the subjects agreed that the preceptorship is very important to the education of paramedic students. The preceptorship education program development will be the basis of ambulance ride practice.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.35-46
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• 2000

The results of analyzing the cognition of CPR by college students who major in public health or not order to enhance the educational efficiency of first aid ability and its expansion are as follows. 1. In case of students majoring in public health, the students who have the knowledge of term 'CPR' are 95.3% of total 300 students and 62.6% of the students who don't major in public health know it. In the item test of examining the degree of theoretical knowledge of CPR, the cases who know all 12 items are 5.2% and 1.6% respectively in cases who major in public health and don't major in it and it is judged that the extension of educational opportunity for them should be urgent. 2. The students who have experienced the practice of CPR are 20.6% in case who major in public health and 7.4% in other case. Therefore it seems to desirable that indirect field experience should be obtained by strengthening practice centered education. 3. The order of practice to examine the CPR ability is asked and the students who show very good remark are just 21~22% in both cases and they conducted very ineffective CPR and it is examined that they did first aid which may a serious damage to patients. Then the cases who recovered pulse and respiration after CPR were very low as 28.8% in the students who major in public health and 35.7% in others. It is therefore considered that the exact education of conducting the maintenance of respiratory trace, artificial respiration and CPR is necessary. 4. The cases who had the education of CPR were 51% in the students who major in public health and 39.4% in others, who had little opportunities to have CPR and 92.5~93.2% in both groups fee the necessity of continuous education and it is very encouraging to extend the education of CPR. 5. The education of CPR is mainly done at school (70.3~79.4%) and from teachers (52.7~55.4%) and 71.2% of the students majoring in public health responded that it is good for them to have education of CPR at school and lecture by first-aider and 58.9% of others did it. The cases who ask for lecture by the Professors of Dept. of First-Aid are 11.8 in students majoring in public health and 13.1% in others and it is judged that lecture by them having the theoretical foundation and first-aider with practical ability will be desirable. 6. On teaching methods, 57.5% of the cases majoring in public health and 63.3% of others ask for practice and 20% of both groups need theory centered teaching. 7. On lecture fee, 83% of the cases majoring in public health and 83.3% of others consider it should be free and 8~11.8% who are to pay for 10,000 won and it is judged that it should be opened and operated as liberal arts by college in the dimension of lifelong education. 8. On the objects of education, 83% of cases majoring in public health and 66.6% of others consider it should be conducted in people of all ages and both sexes and it is known that everyone recognizes the necessity of popularizing the education of first-aid.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.63-69
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to compare the ability of college students to use automated external defibrillators (AED) and to provide a basic data for helping laypersons easily apply the AED. Methods: The subjects were randomly assigned to instruction groups. One group was instructed by pictures (group P), one by videos (group M), and one by telephone dispatchers (group D), Without employing cardiopulmonary resuscitation, a single rescuer was asked to apply defibrillation to a mannequin for practice in accordance with the instructions assigned to each group. Results: Regarding the proper pad attachment of the AED, group P followed the instruction $0.31{\pm}0.47times$, group M, $0.81{\pm}0.40times$, and group D $0.69{\pm}0.47times$. Regarding the instruction of taking the hand off a patient for analyzing cardiac rhythm and the instruction of taking the hand off a patient before defibrillation, group P did not follow the instruction; group M followed the instructions $0.50{\pm}0.51times$; and group D followed all instructions at all times. Conclusion: If a dispatcher gives real-time instructions for using an AED to laypersons wtih no experience at the time of AED use, the quality of laypersons' AED use will greatly improve.