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A Survey on the Actual Condition for Dining-out in Pusan 2. The Preference of Restaurant and Food According to Age Groups and Sex Distinction (부산지역의 외식실태조사 2. 연령과 성별에 따른 음식점과 음식의 선호도)

  • 김두진;임효진
    • The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.200-210
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    • 1998
  • This study was conducted to find out the actual condition of dining-out and the preferences of restaurant and food according to age groups and sex distinction in Pusan area. The survey was conducted on 564 peoples who live or work, including students aged more than 4th grade in elementary school in Pusan area. The results of the questionnaires are as follows ; The reasons of prefferring restaurant were in order of "delicious taste", "comfortable atmosphere" and "economical price", and of no prefferring restaurant were in order on "untasty", "unsanitary" and "unkind employees". Female and student group were more in the items of unexperinced food than male and older group. The menu of preferring were in order of "sliced raw fish", "pizza", "bulgogi", and of no preferring were in order of "dog soup", "gopchang jengol", "ox tail soup" male and older group showed a relatively highest preference for "traditional food", however, female and younger(student group and young group) showed a relatively highest preference for "fast foods". The reasons of prefferring food were in order of "delicious taste", "something like" and "abundance of nutrition", and of no prefferring food were in order of "untasty", "hatred food" and "doesn't suit constitution". Male and older group showed a relatively highest preference for "abundance of nutrition", however, female and younger showed a relatively highest preference for "foreign food". But, the results of the preferences of restaurant and food were different according to sex distinction and age groups.ot;, however, female and younger showed a relatively highest preference for "foreign food". But, the results of the preferences of restaurant and food were different according to sex distinction and age groups.ge groups.

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Awareness of Oral Health Workforce on the National Health Insurance Coverage of Topical Fluoride Application (구강보건인력의 전문가불소도포 건강보험 급여화에 대한 인식)

  • Lee, Sun-Ho;Lee, Heung-Soo;Oh, Hyo-Won
    • Journal of dental hygiene science
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.46-53
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    • 2015
  • The purpose of this study is to identify the awareness of oral health workforce and the attitude concerning the health insurance benefit on topical fluoride application. The subjects are 173 dentists and 288 dental hygienists. The data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS 12.0 statistical program. The findings of the study were as follows: Agree's (including strongly agree) ratios regarding to the health insurance benefit of topical fluoride application was 92.5% for dentists and 90.8% for dental hygienists. Appropriate age of health insurance benefit about the topical fluoride application was elementary, middle and high school students (8~19 years). This response ratio was high 45.7% for dentists and 43.2% for dental hygienists. Appropriate copayment (mean value) of health insurance about topical fluoride application coverage showed that NaF, $SnF_2$ solution and acidulated phosphate fluoride gel were 25,782 Korean Won (KRW) for dentist and 14,282 KRW for dental hygienist. Fluoride varnish copayment was 31,705 KRW for dentist and 17,979 KRW for dental hygienist. Fluoride iontophoresis copayment was 40,156 KRW for dentist, and 21,210 KRW for dental hygienist. The frequency of health insurance benefits about topical fluoride application was high in 'unlimited (37.5%)' for the dentists and 'two times (31.3%)' for dental hygienists. In conclusion, topical fluoride application should be included as one of the health insurance benefit items for oral health.

Effects of Instructional Material Using ICT at High School Earth Science (고등학교 지구과학 수업에서 ICT 활용 수업자료의 효과)

  • Lee, Yong-Seob;Kim, Jong-Hee;Kim, Sang-Dal
    • Journal of the Korean earth science society
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    • v.25 no.5
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    • pp.336-347
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    • 2004
  • This study investigated the effects of the application of a variety of ICTs cause the effects on self-directed learning capability, creativity and problem-solving ability. In order to achieve the above aim, Web-Based Instructions(WBI) and instructions using CD-ROM Titles for the unit of 'the solar system and the galaxy' were applicated and analyzed which belongs to the area of 'the earth' in the subject 'science' for high school students. Instructions using WBI materials and CD-ROM titles were found to be effective on 'self-conception', 'creativity', 'future inclination', 'self-assessment ability', 'openness' and' initiative' improvement all of which belong to self-directed learning characteristics. They did not, however, show meaningful effect on improving 'learning eagemess' and 'responsibility' improvement. On looking into self-directed learning characteristics according to prerequisite learning levels, both groups and these for instruction using CD-ROM learning materials were found to have no effect on interaction. With respect to problem-solving ability improvement which is characteristic of the instruction using ICTs, WBI proved more fruitful than instruction using CD-ROM titles on improving scholastic achievement level. WBI was effective on 'fluency', 'originality' and 'resistance to premature closure'. It on the other hand, was of no use on 'abstraction of titles' and 'elaborateness' These results came from the following characteristics: WBI came into effect on 'fluency' and 'originality' in the areas of variety and vitality, which are characteristic of WBI. In the area of resistance to premature closure WBI was effective on organizing learning contents owing to the animation of picture materials which are variously presented in the web site. As a result of WBI questionnaire about WBI, an excellent effect on the structure of display, quantity of information, indication and instruction, supplementary study and further study were discussed.

Status of Meal Serving and Nutritional Quality of Foods Served for Children at Community Child Centers in Korea (지역아동센터의 배식 실태 및 배식량 측정을 통한 영양적 질 평가)

  • Kwon, Sooyoun;Yeoh, Yoonjae
    • Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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    • v.25 no.2
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    • pp.352-362
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    • 2015
  • The purpose of this study was to examine portion sizes and nutritional quality of foods served to children at Community Child Centers (CCCs), July 2014, in Korea. A survey was administered to foodservice employees working at CCCs. Thirty-nine participants completed the self-administered questionnaire regarding CCCs foodservice practices. In the weight test, fifteen volunteers of demonstrated typical portion sizes for $5^{th}$ grade elementary school students. Nutrition knowledge scores were significantly different between foodservice employees with experience taking a foodservice class for one year (6.04 out of 10.0 points) and those without experience (4.58 points). Foodservice employees with experience taking a foodservice class scored significantly higher in performing meal serving practices, e.g., wearing a sanitary cap and apron when serving food, than those without experience. The amount of foods served for children did not meet standard serving sizes; portion sizes of rice, soup, main dish, side dish and kimchi served by foodservice employees were 87.3%, 63.2%, 56.5%, 37.1% and 81.3% of standard serving sizes, respectively. When energy and nutrient intakes from portion sizes were calculated, energy, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin and calcium intakes did not meet standards for nutrition control of school meals. However, protein, vitamin C and iron intakes met more than 100.0% of standards. These findings suggest that foodservice employees with experience taking a foodservice class apply their knowledge to foodservice practices. Although portion sizes can influence energy and nutrient intakes in children, the actual portion sizes served by CCCs foodservice employees were inadequate and did not meet standards for serving size and nutrition. Thus, all CCCs foodservice employees need to receive foodservice education and be provided guidelines regarding portion sizes for children.

Performance Status of Sanitary Management of School Food Service in the Jeonnam Area (전남지역 학교급식의 위생관리 실태)

  • 고무석;정난희;이전옥
    • Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.51-67
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    • 2004
  • This study analyzed the effects of nutrition technicians' hygiene education on cooking workers' performance of hygiene management in order to ensure the security of school meals. The situation of cooking workers' disposition in subject schools was elementary school(51.1%) and middle school(48.9%) and the type of meals was rural area type(54.2%), urban type(36.5%). and island and isolated area type(9.3%). The methods of meals management were single cooking(88.2%) and joint cooking and management(11.8%). The type of distributing meals was distributing in a dining room(93.5%), in a classroom(3.7%), and in both dining room and classroom(2.8%). Nutrition technicians' employment form included regular(53.5%) and daily(88.2%). Their education was junior college graduate(50.2%), university graduate(44.8%). and graduate school students(5.0%). Cooking workers' employment form included daily(88.2%) and regular (11.1%). suggesting that most were regular. Most cooking workers(77.4%) had at least high school certificate. Regarding the situation of cooking workers' disposition in subject schools, the number of student per one cooking worker was found as 91-120(37.2%), 61-90(22.6%). 60 and under(21.l %). 121-15006.7%). and 151 and over(2.5%). Cooking workers' level of performance of hygiene management was post-working stage(66.37/75 marks), pre-working stage(64.22/75 marks). and working stage(20.34/25 marks), The counting of meals articles in a pre-working stage(20.34/25 marks). temperature and required time in a working stage(18.78/25 marks), and machinery equipment and hygiene in a pre-working stage(21.40/25 marks) showed lowest of performance, which suggest poor service of hygiene. Cooking workers' performance of hygiene management by working stage showed the significant difference with school class(p<.001), type of schools with meals(p<.05). state of cooking workers' employment(p<.001), and cooking worker's disposition(p<.05). A working stage showed the significant difference with type of schools with meals(p<.05). A post-working stage showed the significant difference according to type of schools with meals(p<.05), and the methods of meals management(p<.05), and cooking workers' disposition(p<.05). In the execution of hygiene education, individual hygiene was highest(94.8%), followed by the management of machinery equipment and tools(89.7%), food poisoning and microorganism(94.7%), and the method of food treatment(76.4%). A yearly plan of hygiene education included established(83.9%) and not established(l6.1%). Regular education included not executed(25.1%), 2-3 times a month(l6.1%), and more than 4 a month(4.0%) and occasional education was not executed(57.0%), 1-3 times a month(26.3%), and more than 4 a month(l5.7%). In the methods for hygiene education, oral education(95.7%) was used most, followed by demonstration(10.5%), poster/photo(10.5%), video/slide(3.7%), and computer(3.7%). Frequency of improvement and complement of hygiene education included once a month(56.3%), once a year(20.7%), by quarter(l1.5%), and every six months(1l.5%). Newspaper was used most in materials of hygiene education, followed by internet, TV, nutrition technician's reeducation, information exchange between members, educational office's training, and reference book, and educational office's material. and symposium. Cooking workers' assessment of the effect of hygiene education was conducted through observation(56.8%), check table(l5.2%), question(l4.0%), and examination(14.0%). The reason of cooking workers' low level of performance included habitual custom(53.9%), lack of understanding(20.4%), overwork(l4.6%), and lack of knowledge(l1.l%) and the reason of difficulty in hygiene education included lack of time(55.3%), lack of understanding(27.6%), lack of knowledge and information(8.7%), and lack of budget(48.0%).

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Effectiveness of Incremental School Oral Health Program at Primary School in Some Regions of Gimje (김제시 일부지역 초등학교 학교계속구강건강관리사업의 효과)

  • Kim, Mi-Jeong;Lim, Cha-Young
    • Journal of dental hygiene science
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    • v.14 no.3
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    • pp.342-348
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    • 2014
  • This study was carried out an elementary school located in B-myeon and K-myeon of Gimje. One school (test group) with a school oral health care office and three schools (control group) without school oral health care offices were selected as sample schools. The dental caries prevention effects were compared between third to sixth graders who received benefits of the school continued oral health management program of K health office in Gimje, and first and second graders who did not receive the benefits due to the suspension of the program. The decayed, missing, and filled (DMF) rate, that received the benefits of the program, the test group was 58.9% and the control group was 76.1%, showing significant difference (p<0.05). For the DMF teeth (DMFT) rate, the who received benefits from the program, the test group was 41.1% and the control group was 64.2%, showing significant difference (p<0.01). For the DMFT index, the third to sixth graders that received benefits of the program, the test group was 1.73 and the control group was 3.66 showing significant difference (p<0.001). For the decayed teeth (DT) index, it was 0.72 for the test group and 1.96 for the control group showing significant difference (p<0.001). For the filled teeth index, the test group was 0.63 for the test group and 0.99 for the control group showing significant difference (p<0.05). For the DT rate, the total test group was 57.23% and 64.16% for the control group. For who received benefits from the program, the DT rate was 54.81% for the test group and 60.98% for the control group. The effects of the student continued oral health management program carried out by the oral health office can be confirmed. It is judged that efforts for continuous maintenance and promotion will be necessary to improve the oral health of students.

Comparison of early tertiary mathematics in USA and Korea (미국과 한국의 초기 고등수학 발전과정 비교연구)

  • Lee, Sang-Gu;Seol, Han-Guk;Ham, Yoon-Mee
    • Communications of Mathematical Education
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.977-998
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    • 2009
  • In this article, we give a comparative study on the last 300 years of USA and Korean tertiary mathematics. The first mathematics classes in United States were offered before July, 1638, but the real founding of tertiary mathematics courses was in 1640 when Henry Dunster assumed the duties of the presidency at Harvard. President Dunster read arithmetics and geometry on Mondays and Tuesdays to the third year students during the first three quarters, and astronomy in the last quarter. So tertiary mathematics education in United States began at Harvard which is the oldest college in USA. After 230 years since then, Benjamin Peirce in 1870 made a major and first American contribution to mathematics and got an attention from European mathematicians. Major change on the role of Harvard mathematics from teaching to research made by G.D. Birkhoff when he joined as an assistant professor in 1912. Tertiary mathematics education in Korea started long before Chosun Dynasty. But it was given to only small number of government actuarial officers. Modern mathematics education of tertiary level in Korea was given at Sungkyunkwan, Ewha, Paichai, and Soongsil. But all college level education opportunity, particularly in mathematics, was taken over by colonial government after 1920. And some technical and normal schools offered some tertiary mathematics courses. There was no college mathematics department in Korea until 1945. After the World War II, the first college mathematics department was established, and Rimhak Ree in 1949 made a major and first Korean contribution to modern mathematics, and later found Ree group. He got an attention from western mathematicians for the first time as a Korean. It can be compared with Benjamin Peirce's contribution for USA.

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A Study on the Present Condition and Reform Plan of School Health in a Rural Area (한 농촌지역 학교보건의 현황과 개선방안에 관한 연구)

  • Shin, Young-Jeon;Noh, Hak-Jae;Choi, Boyul;Park, Hung-Bae;Kim, Hyun-Joo
    • Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.55-67
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    • 1996
  • This research has incorporated a postal survey from the principals, nurse-charging teachers and nurse-teachers of the fiftyfive elementary, middle and high school in Yang-pyeong county area where its supplementary rate of nurse-teachers is less than adequate. It is to analyse the current status of the school health service in the area and to come out with a plan to improve the school health program through the participations of the health related experts of the local community. The survey was done in the two months of period of April to May of 1994. The result of the survey follows. The student population in the Yang-pyeong county area is 13,998 and the school employee population is 904 which counts for about 19.2% of the whole population of the area. However, the supplementary rate of nurse-teachers is only 10.8% (4 in 55 schools) which is very low in terms of relativity. School health committee only exist in 17% of the whole number of schools in the area and 50 of school health committee answered that their activity do not meet the adequate level. Only 54. 3% of the whole school numbers has included the school health finance in their financial plans and the amount set for the school health finance is about 500,000 wons (100,000-1,600,000 wons). 64.9% of the schools in the Yang-pyeong county area have the permanent nursing room established in the school. But, often than the equipment for a simple physical examinations, their supply of the health related equipments are less than adequate. Particitations of school doctor in the school health service is at only 67.6% which pretty much include only the physical examinations. Nurse-charging teachers consider their utmost important role is to teach health education but, they answered that they spent most of their times and efforts on physical examinations & immunizations. The average number of students visition to the nursing room is 2.5 persons and complains for basic discomfort as headache, concussion, stomachache and indigestion problems and usual pills used are the analgesics and digestives. Physical examination is done in the most schools every year but, 51.4% of nurse-charging teachers answered the physical examination does not really help. About the emergency treatment ability, 75.7% reports that both manpower & equipment are short. The school food services are present in only 8 schools (21.6%) but, 89.2% of nurse-charging teachers answer that there is a definite need of the food service. The survey says that the utmost important environmental health and safety factors are the traffic accidents followed by improper heat system, lighting, the stools and desks that do not consider the student physical status The overall evaluation of school health program reports that there are adequate physical examination, immunization, environmental hygiene, and management of safety but, on the other hand, health education, health councelling & management of nursing room are not managed properly. The principals of the survey pool report shortage of public agency support, lack of understanding of school health, shortage of nursing equipments and school health finance as the barrier factors of school health. The nurse-charging teachers report on the same questions as their less than qualitifying expertise, extraload of work upon the nursing affairs, shortage of nursing equipments & school health finance. The head masters & nurse-charging teachers answered that they are desperate for the meetings of nurse-charging teachers, construction of school health councelling system & training education in order to improve school health and if these are available, they will actively participate in them. After the careful analysis of the survey result, it is apparent that through the relations of the manpowers, establishment of community-oriented school health is definitely in need in rural area where there is low supplementary rate of nurse-teachers and poor school health environment.

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The Development of 'Korea's Science Education Indicators' (한국의 과학교육 종합 지표 개발 연구)

  • Hong, Oksu;Kim, Dokyeong;Koh, Sooyung;Kang, Da Yeon
    • Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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    • v.41 no.6
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    • pp.471-481
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    • 2021
  • The importance of science education for cultivating the competencies required by an intelligent information society is gradually being strengthened. The government's roles and responsibilities for science education are stipulated by laws and policies in Korea. In order to systematically support science education, continuous monitoring of related policies is essential. This study aims to develop indicators that can be used to systematically and continuously monitor the national policies on science education in Korea. To achieve this goal, we first derive the framework for the indicators that has two dimensions (learner and science education context) and three categories (input, process, and outcome) from literature reviews. In order to derive the components and subcomponents of the indicators, the contents of science education-related indicators developed in Korea or abroad were reviewed. In order to verify the suitability and validity of the framework and components of the initial indicators, a two-round Delphi method was conducted with 25 expert participants with five different professions in science education. Finally, three components of the 'input' category (student characteristics, teacher characteristics, and educational infrastructure), three components of the 'process' category (science curriculum implementation, science educational contents and programs implementation, and teacher professional development program implementation), and five components of the 'outcome' category (science competency, participation and action, affective achievement, cognitive achievement, and satisfaction) were derived. An instrument to collect data from students, teachers, and institutions was developed based on the components and subcomponents, and content validity and internal consistency of the instrument were analyzed. Korea's Science Education Indicators developed in this study can comprehensively measure the current status of science education and is expected to contribute to a more efficient and effective science education policy planning and implementation.

Development of Neuropsychological Model for Spatial Ability and Application to Light & Shadow Problem Solving Process (공간능력에 대한 신경과학적 모델 개발 및 빛과 그림자 문제 해결 과정에의 적용)

  • Shin, Jung-Yun;Yang, Il-Ho;Park, Sang-woo
    • Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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    • v.41 no.5
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    • pp.371-390
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    • 2021
  • The purpose of this study is to develop a neuropsychological model for the spatial ability factor and to divide the brain active area involved in the light & shadow problem solving process into the domain-general ability and the domain-specific ability based on the neuropsychological model. Twenty-four male college students participated in the study to measure the synchronized eye movement and electroencephalograms (EEG) while they performed the spatial ability test and the light & shadow tasks. Neuropsychological model for the spatial ability factor and light & shadow problem solving process was developed by integrating the measurements of the participants' eye movements, brain activity areas, and the interview findings regarding their thoughts and strategies. The results of this study are as follows; first, the spatial visualization and mental rotation factors mainly required activation of the parietal lobe, and the spatial orientation factor required activation of the frontal lobe. Second, in the light & shadow problem solving process, participants use both their spatial ability as a domain-general thought, and the application of scientific principles as a domain-specific thought. The brain activity patterns resulting from a participants' inferring the shadow by parallel light source and inferring the shadow when the direction of the light changed were similar to the neuropsychological model for the spatial visualization factor. The brain activity pattern from inferring an object from its shadow by light from multiple directions was similar to the neuropsychological model for the spatial orientation factor. The brain activity pattern from inferring a shadow with a point source of light was similar to the neuropsychological model for the spatial visualization factor. In addition, when solving the light & shadow tasks, the brain's middle temporal gyrus, precentral gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus were additionally activated, which are responsible for deductive reasoning, working memory, and planning for action.