• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2004년도 ICCAS
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• pp.1776-1780
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• 2004

In this paper, we propose the new emotion model and the robot behavior decision model based on proposed emotion model. As like in human, emotions are hierarchicalized in four levels (momentary emotions, mood, attitude, and personality) and are determined from the robot behavior and human responses. They are combined with motivation (which is determined from the external stimuli) to determine the robot behavior.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2001

Background: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) has been used widely, but its effects are controversial. This is probably due to the varying intensity and type of pain. We designed a study to assess the effects of the TENS on the RIII nociceptive flexion reflex as the resting pain level and the temporal summation as a repeated, movement related pain in 7 normal volunteer subjects. Methods: High frequency (80 Hz), non-noxious TENS was applied over the left popliteal fossa for 20 minutes. Ipsilateral RIII reflexes induced by single electrical stimulus and temporal summation of pain responses to repeated stimuli (five stimuli at 2 Hz) were recorded before, during (just before stopping), and subsequently at 20 minutes after TENS. Results: R (III) nociceptive flexion reflex activity during and after TENS was more significantly decreased than before treatment. However, the temporal summation threshold was not changed. Conclusions: We conclude that high frequency, non-noxious TENS could be effective on resting pain relief in the same segment but not on the movement related pain.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.401-415
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• 2021

Soft robots are promising devices for applications in drug delivery, sensing, and manufacturing. Traditional hard robotics are manufactured with rigid materials and their degrees of motion are constrained by the orientation of the joints. In contrast to rigid counterpart, soft robotics, employing soft and stretchable materials that easily deforms in shape, can realize complex motions (i.e., locomotion, swimming, and grappling) with a simple structure, and easily adapt to dynamic environment. Among them, the magnetic actuators exhibit unique characteristics such as rapid and accurate motion control, biocompatibility, and facile remote controllability, which make them promising candidates for the next-generation soft robots. Especially, the magnetic actuators instantly response to the stimuli, and show no-hysteresis during the recovery process, essential for continuous motion control. Here, we present the state-of-the-art fabrication process of magnetically controllable nano-/micro-composites, magnetically aligning process of the composites, and 1-dimensional/multi-dimensional multimodal motion control for the nextgeneration soft actuators.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.954-959
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• 2020

This study aimed to verify the effectiveness of rescue apparatus, that can capture crabs using external stimuli such as food and electricity, without relying on divers. In this study, a microcomputer-based controller and an IC-device-based controller were developed, and spot inspection was conducted using 20 modules and 30 sea urchin removal modules. Accordingly, 58, 18, 17, and 74 sea urchins were introduced in the first, second, third and fourth experiments, respectively. The result of evaluating the lure of each removal mechanism, based on the catch per unit effort, with an electrical stimulus was 1.1 (32/10), with a feeding stimulus was 3.4 (100/29), and with electrical and feeding stimuli was 3.5 (35/10).

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.525-536
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of electrical anesthesia induced by non-acupuncture point stimulation on inhibition of amplitude of digastric EMG evoked by noxious electrical stimuli in teeth and gingiva. Experiments were performed with dogs anesthetized with intraperitoneal pentobarbital sodium in an initial dose of 30mg/kg. Maintenance doses of 4.0ml/hour were given through a cannula in the femoral vein using a constant infusion pump. Anterior belly of digastric muscle was exposed and a pair of 0.1mm wire electrodes were inserted for E.M.G. recording. Bipolar electrodes were inserted into the labial and lingual surface of upper canine and the labial area of upper gingiva. Noxious stimuli were delivered to the tooth and gingiva through those electrodes by electric stimulator. Non-acupuncture point stimulation of 2Hz was delivered bilaterally to the femoral area. Amplitudes of digastric E.M.G. were measured from the oscilloscope and the monitor connected to amplifier at different intensities of electronic anesthesia of 1 volt, 4 volt and 10 volt. The inhibited rate of the amplitudes of digastric E.M.G. were analysed statistically with paired t-test. The following results were obtained : 1. Non-acupuncture point stimulation with intensities of 1 volt, 4 volt and 10 volt showed the inhibitory effect on pain of 15%, 25% and 16% in teeth and 15%, 18% and 12% in gingiva respectively 2. In tooth, statistical significance was observed between control and each group. In gingiva, there was statistical significance between control and group 1, 2 except group 3 From these results, low frequency electrical stimulation of non-acupuncture point resulted in reducing of dental and gingival pain, it could be used as adjunct to other pain control methods.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.237-244
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• 1999

Magnesium ion is known to selectively block the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced responses and to have anticonvulsive action, neuroprotective effect and antinociceptive action in the behavioral test. In this study, we investigated the effect of $Mg^{2+}$ on the responses of dorsal horn neurons to cutaneous thermal stimulation and graded electrical stimulation of afferent nerves as well as to excitatory amino acids and also elucidated whether the actions of $Ca^{2+}$ and $Mg^{2+}$ are additive or antagonistic. $Mg^{2+}$ suppressed the thermal and C-fiber responses of wide dynamic range (WDR) cell without any effect on the A-fiber responses. When $Mg^{2+}$ was directly applied onto the spinal cord, its inhibitory effect was dependent on the concentration of $Mg^{2+}$ and duration of application. The NMDA- and kainate-induced responses of WDR cell were suppressed by $Mg^{2+}$, the NMDA-induced responses being inhibited more strongly. $Ca^{2+}$ also inhibited the NMDA-induced responses current-dependently. Both inhibitory actions of $Mg^{2+}$ and $Ca^{2+}$ were additive, while $Mg^{2+}$ suppressed the EGTA-induced augmentation of WDR cell responses to NMDA and C-fiber stimulation. Magnesium had dual effects on the spontaneous activities of WDR cell. These experimental findings suggest that $Mg^{2+}$ is implicated in the modulation of pain in the rat spinal cord by inhibiting the responses of WDR cell to noxious stimuli more strongly than innocuous stimuli.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.381-387
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• 2017

직장에서의 스트레스는 많은 직업, 생활환경 및 연령대의 사람들에게 영향을 끼치는 심각한 문제가 되었다. 스트레스 관리는 스트레스가 질병을 일으키기 시작하기 훨씬 전에 시작해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 영상 및 소음 자극 시 발생하는 전기피부반응도, 심전도 및 뇌파를 측정하여 스트레스를 평가하는 연구를 수행하였다. GRS 진폭은 스트레스 상황이 안정 상태(baseline)보다 27.9% 높게 나타났다. 그리고 자극 후 baseline의 응답시간은 스트레스 상황보다 71.6% 이상 시간이 더 길었다. 심박변이도에서 스트레스 응답 특성은 RMSSD의 변화율이 16.4% 차이가 났으며, HF power의 변화율은 29.7% 차이를 보였다. 뇌파는 스트레스 자극 시 주파수 대역이 ${\theta}$파 대역으로 점점 변함을 알 수 있었다. 우리는 영상자극 및 소음자극이 스트레스와 상관관계를 파악함으로써 객관적지표로 활용 가능할 것이다.

• 센서학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.35-38
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• 2017

A thermally responsive hydrogel has reversibility with temperature during swelling. Here, we proposed origami inspired temperature sensor by using multi-layered hydrogel film. The formation of patterned stripes on microscale film drives bending to an angle that can be controlled linearly. Although temperature range was not wide, measured sensitivity of sensors has high resolution and accuracy. It providing a powerful platform for the design of sensitive sensors and that easily adapt other type of sensors in microscale.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.5-8
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• 2006

This paper describes a new mechanism of detecting object of interest from a noisy image, without using any a-priori knowledge about the target. It employs a parallel set of filters inspired upon biological findings of mammalian vision. In our proposed system, several basic features are extracted directly from original input visual stimuli, and these features are integrated based on their local competitive relations and statistical information. Through integration process, unnecessary features for detecting the target are spontaneously decreased, while useful features are enhanced. Experiments have been performed on a set of computer generated and real images corrupted with noise.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.344-347
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• 2007

A interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel, composed of chitosan (CS) and poly(diallydimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) was prepared, which exhibited electrical sensitive behavior. The swelling behavior of the CS/PDADMAC SIPN hydrogel was studied by immersion of the gel into various pH buffer solutions, and their stimuli response in electric fields also investigated. In order to clarify the relationship between the equilibrium swelling ratio and bending behavior of the SIPN hydrogels, the state of water in the SIPN hydrogel was also investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).