• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.245-260
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• 1998

The influences of depression and health anxieth on the elderly's drug use and nutritional status were evaluated by interviews with questionaire from August to October in 1996. One hundred and thirty-one male and 231 female elderly in Chung-buk area were the sample for this study. Men's depression score was 22.3 and 25.2 for women, respectively out of 27. Women showed a significantly higher score for depression and health anxiety than men. Gender, age, marital status, number of family, education, income, medical insurance, and mobility and region significantly affected the health anxiety score. The higher depression score the elderly had, the more frequently they took drugs. Conversely. the higher depression score the elderly had, the less frequently they took nutritional supplements. For women, the higher depression score the elderly had, the more they smoked. More depressed elderly showed a significantly smaller BMI compared to the less depressed ones. A negative correlationship existed between the depression score and the elderly's nutrient intakes, especially energy intake which showed a significant negative correlation. There were no significant differences between health anxiety score and nutrient intakes of men. Women who had a higher health anxiety score consumed more energy significantly. The depression score did not affect the elderly's blood biochemical indices. Women who had a low health anxiety score showed a significantly higher HDL-C level.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.157-163
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• 2016

Purpose : This study purposed on the understanding of psychology in the elderly women using depression scale and electroephalography. The subjects were thirty elderly women in geriatric care hospital. All participants were elderly women over 65 years old. The subjects signed up with informed consent and they were divided into a normal elderly group, an exercise elderly group and a hospital elderly group. They were randomly assigned with 10 persons. Methods : The study instruments were Geriatric Depression Scale(GDS) and Poly-G-I. Brain wave activity was measured by 'power spectrum analysis' of TeleScan program. Statistic analysis consisted of average, standard deviation, One-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey using SPSS 21.0 version. The significance was set at .05. Results : Depression scale results showed that the exercise elderly group were $10.60{\pm}5.36$ points which was the lowest among the three groups. The Normal elderly group was $16.20{\pm}5.59$, and the hospitalized elderly group was $16.70{\pm}6.76$ points. There was no significant difference between the normal elderly group, exercise elderly group and hospitalized elderly group. The hospitalized group showed statistical difference in relative theta power in the area of Fp1, F3, F4, T3, P3 as compared to the normal elderly group and the exercise elderly groups. There was no significant difference between relative beta power and relative gamma power in three groups. Conclusion : Geriatric depressed scale showed no significant difference in each group. This is indicated in the mental problems associated with depression. This indicates a higher level of depression in the hospitalized elderly women, more than in the normal elderly women and exercise elderly women groups.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.13-20
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• 2016

Recently, the concern of aging society is 'Healthy life' for the elderly and pre-elderly. Especially, realizing the 'Healthy life', it is very important for the elderly to establish living environment for holding and maintaining mental depression. Mental depression is related to dysfunction of sensory organ included physical functions. Therefore, the dysfunction of elderly's sensory organ is required to the guideline of environmental planning. In this study, among five senses, I focused visual sense due to the large proportion of environmental perception. The purpose of this study is to analyze the degree of geriatric depression and preference of simulated images applying preferable color for the elderly. This study conducted literature review and questionnaire survey. Firstly, the previous studies related with the melancholy, sense of isolation, self-regard for the elderly analyzed. Secondly, the questionnaire tool measuring the degree of geriatric depression developed. Thirdly, the tool investigating the preference for the simulated images applied main, sub, and accent colors produced. Applied preferable colors were used from the results previous study. Lastly, based on the result, the basic data of color planning were suggested. It was judged that this study is an useful as the basic guideline of color planning for the elderly's residential spaces and the potential value of considering geriatric depression and the color planning in terms of the elderly's visual sense.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.938-950
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• 2003

We conducted a case-control study to examine the relationship of depression and dietary related factors with the hyperlipidemia for urban living elderly women from low income group. The case group consisted of 45 elderly females with hyperlipidemia (serum cholesterol $\geq$ 240mg/dl or serum TG $\geq$ 250mg/dl and the control group of 95 age matched elderly women with serum cholesterol levels less than 240mg/dl and serum TG less than 250mg/dl. In a univariate analysis, vitamin C intake, the number of family members living with the subject, and their depression scores were significantly higher in the hyperlipidemic group than in the control group. In the logistic regression analysis, the vitamin C intake ($\geq$75% Korean RDA), the number of family members living with the subject ($\geq$ 1), depression scores ($\geq$7), BMI ($\geq$27), and subscapular skinfold thickness ($\geq$18mm) were associated with significantly higher (p<0.05) risks of hyperlipidemia in the elderly women. However after adjustment for other covariables, the depression scores (Odds Ratio 2.48 for depression score$\geq$7;95%CI:1.10-5.60) and subscapular skinfold thicknesses (Odds Ratio 5.69 for SBT$\geq$18mm, 95%CI:1.87-17.32) were the significant risk factors associated with hyperlipidemia in the elderly women.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.148-156
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was to identify the relations among health-promoting behaviors. self-esteem and depression in the vulnerable elderly in an urban community. Method: The subjects were 185 vulnerable elderly adults aged over 65 in D city, who were selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected by a questionnaire survey. The tools used in this study are the HPLP developed by Walker(1987), the Self-esteem Scale developed by Rosenberg (1965), and the Geriatric Depression Scale developed by Yesavage & Brink(1983). Collected data were analyzed with the SAS program using descriptive statistics. Pearson's correlation coefficient, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan's multiple-range test and stepwise multiple regression. Result: Self-esteem and depression was in a negative correlation with each other (r=-0.21), but no significant correlation was observed between HPB and depression. HPB and self-esteem were in a positive correlation with each other (r=0.38). The most powerful predictor of depression was self-esteem and, next, leisure activity and the type of family living together. The three factors accounted for 41.1% of the variance in depression in the vulnerable elderly. Conclusion: These results suggest that self-esteem, leisure activity, and the type of family living together can be potential risk factors for old age depression. These findings may give useful information for developing visiting nursing service programs focused on depression in the vulnerable elderly.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2016

Objectives: By using six years of KNHANES dataset (2008~2013) about 60 ages older people, we analyzed how the depression prevalence rate in the elderly is influenced by disease and activity limit. Especially, to add a sense of more reality, we adopted stress experience as a control variable to see how the depression prevalence rate in the elderly is influenced by disease and activity limit depending on the stress experience. Methods : We adopted six years of KNHANES dataset, indicating that our results were based on long period of time capable of considering temporal patterns in the depression prevalence rate in the elderly. Total 1,160 elderly people in KNHANES were selected for our empirical analyses. Dependent variable is either 0 or 1 depending on whether the elderly people feel depression. Main explanatory variables for our study include disease and activity limit. Logistic regression analysis was applied for two group such as stress experience and non-experience. Results : According to the empirical results, stress factor is found to be significant in explaining the depression in the elderly. Depression prevalence rate increased when the elderly has stress experience: chronical disease(OR=1.650), chronical disease with activity limit(OR=3.388), non-chronical disease with stress(OR=11.841) chronical disease with stress (OR=13.561) and chronical disease with activity limit and stress(OR=28.691). Conclusions: The finding suggest that the Countermeasures of elderly's depression alleviation should include stress management.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.99-118
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• 2010

This thesis is to inquire into the effect of group art therapy by way of reminiscence on the depression of the elderly inpatients with geriatric illness. The subjects are 20 inpatients whose age is over sixty in the Elderly Nursing Hospital located in K county. Among them, 10 inpatients are arranged as the experimental group, and the rest 10 inpatients, as control group. The research period is from February 28, 2009 to August 21, 2009. For the experimental group, the group art therapy by way of reminiscence is carried out during 21 sessions once a week for 60 minutes per session. For both the experimental group and the control group, pre and post test is carried out, and then after four weeks, the further test is carried out. The measurement tools are KGDS(Korean Form of Geriatric Depression Scale) and KHTP. The data are analyzed by SPSS(for Windows) and SAS(ver. 9.1.2), by which one-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA, and Scheffe test are carried out. The results are as follows. First, the average of the whole elderly depression levels is shown significantly in the post test and the further test between the two groups. The art therapy group is more effective on the reduction of depression of the elderly inpatients with geriatric illness than control group. Second, it is shown that there is significant difference between the two groups in the the elderly depression by KHTP. The art therapy group is more effective in the improvement of the reduction of the elderly depression in view of KHTP. In conclusion, the group art therapy is an efficient intervention which enables to reduce the depression of the elderly inpatients with geriatric illness.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.181-194
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• 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of music therapy combined with hand manipulation on depression and cognition in elderly women with mild depression. Methods: In order to investigate the effects of a music therapy program through hand, 20 elderly women with a GDS-K score of 14-18 were selected among women aged 65 to 84 living in Busan. The 10 subjects in the experimental group were given the music therapy program 3 times a week for 4 weeks, 12 sessions, and the 10 subjects in the control group were not given it. GDS-K and K-MoCA were performed before and after the experiment, and data analysis was performed through Wilcoxon's test using the SPSS 24.0 statistical package program. Results: The music therapy program through hand manipulation is effective in reducing depression in elderly women with mild depression, and there was a significant decrease. The sub-domains of depression, such as tension and depressive emotions, life dissatisfaction, lethargy, cognitive difficulties, low energy, and loss of motivation, were significantly reduced. In addition, it has an effect on cognition, and it significantly increased in attention, delayed recall ability, which are sub-domains of cognition. There is a significant difference in depression between the experimental group and the control group, and there is a significant difference in cognition between the two groups. Conclusions: The music therapy program with hand manipulation has a positive effect on depression and cognition in elderly women with mild depression.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.46-55
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• 2021

Background: Patients with the chronic physical illness are more likely to experience depression, and the accompany of chronic physical illness and depression is particularly high in middle-aged and elderly women. Considering that depression is associated with somatization and the decline of therapeutic compliance when accompanied by chronic physical illness, middle-aged and elderly women who experience depression among chronic physical illness may increase their use of medical services. This study is to identify the effect of depression on the use of medical services, especially among middle-aged and elderly women with chronic physical illness. Methods: This study used the 2016 Korean Health Panel. For analysis, it used T-test, negative binomial regression, and multivariate regression combining propensity score matching. Results: First, depressive groups had a higher number of medical service utilization and total medical expenditure than the non-depressive group. Second, depression significantly increased medical service utilization (β=0.17, p=0.04) at the 5% significance level. Also, depression significantly increased total medical expenditure (β=0.37, p=0.08) at the 10% significance level. Conclusion: For those who have chronic physical illness among middle-aged and elderly women, the experience of depression was confirmed to be a factor affecting the use of medical services. In the end, it is important to come up with policy countermeasures for middle-aged and elderly women accompanied by depression and chronic physical illness.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2007

Objectives: This study was performed to provide the fundamental data available in the field of the elderly health of the low-income bracket by researching and comparing related factors for the assessment of the degree of depression and cognitive function between elderly welfare recipients and non-elderly welfare recipients. Methods: The study subjects, 402 elderly person over 65-year-old in Daejeon were interviewed, during the two-month from May to June 2006, about their general characteristics, depression and cognitive function. Results: elderly welfare recipients was higher than non-elderly welfare recipients in degree of depression on the other hand, in cognitive function is lower. Also, the depression and cognitive function were related with not only socio-demographic characteristics like the age, the degree of education, the presence of spouse or not and the health status but also health behavior characteristics like the sleeping time, the drinking and the exercise. Conclusions: The project of health promotion and programs that can improve the related factors to the depression and cognitive function for elderly welfare recipients should be developed and practiced.