• Title/Summary/Keyword: Elastic traffic

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Charging the Assured-Bandwidth Service (최저대역보장형 서비스에 대한 과금)

  • Seok, Seung-Hak;Lee, Hoon;Lee, Kwang-Hui
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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    • v.41 no.3
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    • pp.21-28
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    • 2004
  • In the near future we can expect a change in charging the Internet service. The flat charging maybe replaced with a usage-based charging. In line with this movement, we propose a method of charging the assured-quality Internet services for the next generation network by introducing a UBC (usage-based charging) scheme over the conventional flat charging platform. First, we investigate the attribute of elastic traffic generated by assured services in IP network. Next, we propose a new method to relate the bandwidth usage with the pricing for the elastic traffic, which is based partially on the usage rate of the network bandwidth. Next, we propose a charging function for elastic traffic, which is applicable to any type of assured Internet services. Finally, we discuss the implication of the work via simple numerical experiments.

Vibration Analysis of Orthortopic Composite Plate According to Elastic Reaction Effect (탄성반력의 영향에 따른 직교 이방성 복합판의 고유 진동 해석)

  • Jung, Young-Hwa;Shim, Do-Sik;Kim, Kyoung-Jin;Lee, Se-Jin
    • Journal of Industrial Technology
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    • v.17
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    • pp.199-204
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    • 1997
  • In this paper, the result of application of vibration method to the orthotropic plates with free edges supported on elastic foundation and with a pair of opposite edges under axial forces is presented. Such plates represent the concrete highway slab and hybrid composite pavement of bridges. The reinforced concrete slab can be assumed as a special orthotropic plate, as a close approximation. The highway slab is supported on elastic foundation, with free boundaries. Sometimes, the pair of edges perpendicular to the traffic direction may be subject to the axial forces. The plate is subject to the concentrated load/loads, in the form of traffic loads, or the test equipments. Finite difference method is used to obtain the deflection influence surfaces needed for vibration analysis. The influence of the modulus of the foundation, the aspect ratio of the plate, and the magnitudes of the axial forces and the concentrated attached mass on the plate, under the natural frequency is thoroughly studied.

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Energy Efficient Cell Management by Flow Scheduling in Ultra Dense Networks

  • Sun, Guolin;Addo, Prince Clement;Wang, Guohui;Liu, Guisong
    • KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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    • v.10 no.9
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    • pp.4108-4122
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    • 2016
  • To address challenges of an unprecedented growth in mobile data traffic, the ultra-dense network deployment is a cost efficient solution to off-load the traffic over other small cells. However, the real traffic is often much lower than the peak-hour traffic and certain small cells are superfluous, which will not only introduce extra energy consumption, but also impose extra interference onto the radio environment. In this paper, an elastic energy efficient cell management scheme is proposed based on flow scheduling among multi-layer ultra-dense cells by a SDN controller. A significant power saving was achieved by a cell-level energy manager. The scheme is elastic for energy saving, adaptive to the dynamic traffic distribution in the office or campus environment. In the end, the performance is evaluated and demonstrated. The results show substantial improvements over the conventional method in terms of the number of active BSs, the handover times, and the switches of BSs.

Elastic Analysis of Plates Resting on Elastic Half-Space Considering the Local Segregation Between Plate and Foundation

  • Jinhwan-Cheung;Cho, Hyun-Yung
    • Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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    • 1993.10a
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    • pp.38-43
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    • 1993
  • It is one of classical problems in the elastic theory to analyze contact stresses between elastic bodies. Concrete pavements under traffic wheel loads can be considered as one of these typical problems. In this paper, an elastic plate resting on tensionless elastic half-space is analyzed by finite element method. The Boussinesq's solution of elastic half-space is used to evaluate the flexibility of foundation. One of the principal difficulties in solving the local seperation phenomena between plate and foundation is that the geometry of the system is unknown. To obtain the boundary of contact area, the flexibility matrix of foundation is modified after each cycle of analysis iteratively. Some numerical examples are presented by using these method.

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A New Optimization Model for Designing Broadband Convergence Network Access Networks

  • Lee Young-Ho;Jung Jin-Mo;Kim Young-Jin;Lee Sun-Suk;Park No-Ik;Kang Kuk-Chang
    • Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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    • 2006.05a
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    • pp.1616-1640
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    • 2006
  • In this paper, we deal with a network optimization problem arising from the deployment of Ethernet-based BcN access network. BcN convergence services require that access networks satisfy QoS measures. BcN services have two types of traffics: stream traffic and elastic traffic. Stream traffic uses blocking probability as a QoS measure, while elastic traffic uses delay factor as a QoS measure. Incorporating the QoS requirements, we formulate the problem as a nonlinear mixed-integer programming model. The proposed model seeks to find a minimum cost dimensioning solution, while satisfying the QoS requirement. We propose tabu search heuristic algorithms for solving the problem, and simulate tabu result. We demonstrate the computational efficacy of the proposed algorithm by solving a network design problem.

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The Analysis of Contact Pressure of Plate on Elastic Half-Space Considering Local Separation between Plate and Half-Space (판과 지반의 분리를 고려한 반무한 탄성지반상에 놓인 사각형 평판의 접촉응력 해석)

  • 조현영;정진환;김성철;김호진
    • Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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    • 1997.10a
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    • pp.73-79
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    • 1997
  • It is one of classical problems in the elastic theory to analyze contact stresses between elastic bodies. Concrete pavements under traffic wheel loads can be considered as one of these typical Problems. In the paper, Mindlin plate theory is used to consider the transverse shear effect, 8-node isoparametric plate bending element is adopted in this study, and an elastic plate resting on tensionless elastic half-space is analyzed by finite element method. The Boussineq's solution of elastic half-space is used to evaluate the flexibility of foundation. To obtain the boundary of contact area, the flexibility matrix of foundation is modified after each cycle of analysis iteratively. A Numerical example is presented by using these method.

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Field testing and numerical modeling of a low-fill box culvert under a flexible pavement subjected to traffic loading

  • Acharya, Raju;Han, Jie;Parsons, Robert L.;Brennan, James J.
    • Geomechanics and Engineering
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    • v.11 no.5
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    • pp.625-638
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    • 2016
  • This paper presents field study and numerical modeling results for a single-cell low-fill concrete box culvert under a flexible pavement subjected to traffic loading. The culvert in the field test was instrumented with displacement transducers to capture the deformations resulting from different combinations of static and traffic loads. A low-boy truck with a known axle configuration and loads was used to apply seven static load combinations and traffic loads at different speeds. Deflections under the culvert roof were measured during loading. Soil and pavement samples were obtained by drilling operation on the test site. The properties of the soil and pavement layers were determined in the laboratory. A 3-D numerical model of the culvert was developed using a finite difference program FLAC3D. Linear elastic models were used for the pavement layers and soil. The numerical results with the material properties determined in the laboratory were compared with the field test results. The observed deflections in the field test were generally smaller under moving loads than static loads. The maximum deflections measured during the static and traffic loads were 0.6 mm and 0.41 mm respectively. The deflections computed by the numerical method were in good agreement with those observed in the field test. The deflection profiles obtained from the field test and the numerical simulation suggest that the traffic load acted more like a concentrated load distributed over a limited area on the culvert. Elastic models for culverts, pavement layers, and surrounding soil are appropriate for numerical modeling of box culverts under loading for load rating purposes.

Vibration analysis of special orthortopic plate with free edges supported on elastic foundation and with a pair of opposite edges under axial forces (탄성기초에 지지되고 양단 축하중을 받는 특별직교 이방성 판의 진동해석)

  • 김덕현;원치문;정경일;박정호
    • Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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    • 1998.04a
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    • pp.327-334
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    • 1998
  • A method of calculating the natural frequency corresponding to the first mode of vibration of beams and toll.or structures, with irregular cross sections and with arbitrary boundary conditions was developed and reported by Kim, D. H. in 1974. In this paper, the result of application of this method to the special orthotropic plates with free edges supported on elastic foundation and with a pair of opposite edges under axial forces is presented. Such plates represent the concrete highway slab and hybrid composite pavement of bridges. The reinforced concrete slab can be assumed as a special orthotropic plate, as a close approximation. The highway slab is supported on elastic foundation, with free boundaries. Sometimes, the pair of edges perpendicular to the traffic direction may be subject to the axial forces. The plate is subject to the concentrated load/loads, in the form of traffic loads, or the test equipments. Any method nay be used to obtain the deflection influence surfaces needed for this vibration analysis. Finite difference method is used for this purpose, in this paper. The influence of the modulus of the foundation, the aspect ratio of the plate, and the magnitudes of the axial forces and the concentrated attached mass on the plate, on the natural frequency is thoroughly studied.

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Differential settlements in foundations under embankment load: Theoretical model and experimental verification

  • Wang, Changdan;Zhou, Shunhua;Wang, Binglong;Guo, Peijun;Su, Hui
    • Geomechanics and Engineering
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.283-303
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    • 2015
  • To research and analyze the differential settlements of foundations specifically, site investigations of existing railways and metro were firstly carried out. Then, the centrifugal test was used to observe differential settlements in different position between foundations on the basis of investigation. The theoretical model was established according to the stress diffusion method and Fourier method to establish an analytical solution of embankment differential settlement between different foundations. Finally, theoretical values and experimental values were analyzed comparatively. The research results show that both in horizontal and vertical directions, evident differential settlement exists in a limited area on both sides of the vertical interface between different foundations. The foundation with larger elastic modulus can transfer more additional stress and cause relatively less settlement. Differential settlement value decreases as the distance to vertical interface decreases. In the vertical direction of foundation, mass differential settlement also exists on both sides of the vertical interface and foundation with larger elastic modulus can transfer more additional stress. With the increase of relative modulus of different foundations, foundation with lower elastic modulus has larger settlement. Meanwhile, differential settlement is more obvious. The main error sources in theoretical and experimental values include: (a) different load form; (b) foundation characteristics differences; (c) modulus conversion; (d) effect of soil internal friction.

Efficient Load Balancing Algorithms for a Resilient Packet Ring

  • Cho, Kwang-Soo;Joo, Un-Gi;Lee, Heyung-Sub;Kim, Bong-Tae;Lee, Won-Don
    • ETRI Journal
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.110-113
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    • 2005
  • The resilient packet ring (RPR) is a data optimized ring network, where one of the key issues is on load balancing for competing streams of elastic traffic. This paper suggests three efficient traffic loading algorithms on the RPR. For the algorithms, we evaluate their efficiency via analysis or simulation.

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