• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.393-418
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• 2016

Theory and fundamentals of mathematics consist mostly of proposition form. Activities by research of the proposition which leads to determine the true or false, justify the true propositions and refute with counterexample improve logical reasoning skills of students in emphases on mathematics education. Also, utilizing of counterexamples in school mathematics combines mathematical knowledge through the process of finding a counterexample, help the concept study and increase the critical thinking. These effects have been found through previous research. But many studies say that the learners have difficulty in generating counterexamples for false propositions and materials have not been developed a lot for the counterexample utilizing that can be applied in schools. So, this study analyzed the current textbook and examined the use of counterexamples and developed educational materials for counterexamples that can be applied at schools. That materials consisted of making true & false propositions and students was divided into three groups of academic achievement level. And then this study looked at the change of the students' thinking after counterexample classes. As a study result, in all three groups was showed a positive change in the cognitive domain and affective domain. Especially, in top-level group was mainly showed a positive change in the cognitive domain, in upper-middle group was mainly showed in the cognitive and the affective domain, in the sub-group was mainly found a positive change in the affective domain. Also in this study shows that the class that makes true or false propositions in education of utilizing counterexample, made students understand a given proposition, pay attention to easily overlooked condition, carefully observe symbol sign and change thinking of cognitive domain helping concept learning regardless of academic achievement levels of learners. Also, that class gave positive affect to affective domain that increase interest in the proposition and gain confidence about proposition.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.71-98
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• 2016

Librarian certification in Korea is issued by the LIS Departments, the Academy of Librarianship, and the Academic Credit Bank system; however, it has been pointed out that there is a limit to how much these nurture high quality librarians, because the education quality and contents varies from education institutions and there is no verification method for certification issued by educational programs. Therefore, this study investigated certification systems of academic or training programs that are conducted at home and abroad, analyzed how the certification systems are oriented, what the purpose and criteria of the certification systems are, and what the content of assessment is. As a result of this investigation, several areas needing change were identified which if adopted can improve the system. These included making amendments to the library laws related to the certification system, substantially revising the relevant enforcement ordinance, making changes to the selection of the Certification authority, establishing certification standards and procedures, developing contents related to document examination and due diligence audits, rating the effects of the certification system, and setting standards. Improving the Librarian Certification System has been discussed over the past 20 years and should not be delayed any longer because of the university structural reform of the current government, the rapid rise of the qualified librarians, decreasing employment due to the human resources supply and demand imbalances, all of which has resulted in a survival crisis of four-year Department of Library and Information Science.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.125-131
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• 2020

As technology advances, the importance of software education is increasing. Accordingly, interest in information subjects is increasing, but intending elementary learners to show algorithms only for specialized IT skills that could spoil the interest. In this paper for the elementary school students, through the four stages, 2015 revision curriculum analysis, creating of training program development operating plans, applying programs for the targeting students and analysis of results and evaluation, using Rich Picture technique which is various tools such as pictures and speech bubble symbols for the learners can express the intelligent CCTV algorithm freely and easily so they can understand fully about the algorithm of intelligent CCTV that uses artificial intelligence to extract faces from subjects. Suggest on this paper, the proposal of educational program can help the learner to grasp the principle of the algorithm by using the flowchart. As the result, Through the modification and development of the proposed program, we will conduct research on IT creative education that can be applied in various areas.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.369-374
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• 2009

It is difficult to improve maritime safety in the aspect of human elements without seafarers' job satisfaction. Therefore, through the career development for seafarers from their entries into the job to their retirements, longer and more stable seafarers' life on board ship could be achieved together with maritime safety. This study aims at the establishment of seafarers' career path model and the verification of six hypotheses by using the questionnaire data of 2,830 respondents of students, slip officers and shore-based ex-seafarers. The results of analyses of behavior factors on the career path are as follows; first, it is important to improve educational environment and to provide seafarers with detailed information on seafarer's life; second, economic factors such as income-level and etc. do not play a role in promoting motivation of going to sea; third, the guidance to shore jobs at proper time increases seafarers' job satisfaction and induces longer stay at sea; last, it is necessary to simplify the licence system for seafarers, to allow seafarers to acquire higher class certificates, and to work at higher rank on board ships as early as possible.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.136-151
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• 2003

The summarized analysis result of this research is as follows. First, regarding the difference of preceding variable and dependent variable, statistically considerable difference did not appear between self determination and personal relations in educational background and between groups of self determination in hotel type, and statistically considerable difference appeared among other groups. Second, regression analysis result between empowerment and job satisfaction turned out that statistically considerable influence is exerted in the order of personal relations ability, influence power, role performance ability and self-decision nature. Third, regression analysis result between empowerment and job devotion turned out that statistically considerable influence is exerted in the order of personal relations ability, role performance ability and influence power. Fourth, regression analysis result between empowerment and organization devotion turned out that statistically considerable result is exerted in the order of influence power and personal relations ability. Fifth, it turned out that statistically relative high correlation existed among correlation of empowerment and result variable such as job satisfaction, job devotion and organization devotion. The above-mentioned matters considered, this research proposes following points. This research examines the effect of empowerment on job satisfaction and organizational commitment of culinary staff in the hotel. the effect of the variable of empowerment on result variable shows that role performance ability, influence power and personal relations ability are important variables. Therefore, to improve the role performance ability of members of kitchen, it is essential for each individual to improve their ability and to have confidence at the time of business performance. So, this research implies that consistent and systematic training is necessary for increasing the ability and confidence. In order to improve influence power, it is necessary for members of an organization to have strong faith that their jobs determine the success of the company, and to increase the sense of self-control by letting them have the right of self determination, so that all members may have strong desire to transact business. This research implies that in order to improve personal relations ability, it is necessary for members of an organization to discover the best method of decision-making and solve problems through members' developing mutual action, and for managers to take personal characteristics into account so that members may have belief and confidence in their job and realize the value of their job. In conclusion, the person in charge of personnel affairs and the manager in charge of kitchen need to realize the importance of empowerment and especially have an much interest in all parts including self determination, influence power and role performance ability and personal relations ability etc.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.50-61
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• 1973

Despite the intensive family Planning program of the government, which has reduced the :average population growth to 2.0 percent in 1970, the continuing high fertility rates and poor family planning services in urban slum areas has been continually pointed out by various evaluation seminars. Thus, it was felt that a study of the current status of family planning in an urban slum population was needed. The aims of the study were to: (1) delineate the general characteristics of the urban slum population (2) discover the knowledge, attitudes, and practice of family planing. (3) determine what was felt to be the ideal number of children. (4) determine the status of induced abortion. A random stratified sample of 200 women was selected from a population of 3, 118 married women, 20-49 years of age, living in the Yonsei Community Health Project area and registered at the Yonhee Community Health Service Institute. The respondents were interviewed by the investigates, using a pretested questionary, from the period of October 1 to October 30, 1972. The findings of the Study were as follows: 1. Afore than half of the respondents were in the high fertility age group (25-34): of lower educational level (under primary School) : from rural areas: and with unstable sources of income. 2. The average respondent had 3.6 living children. 3. Most of the respondents had knowledge of contraceptive methods such as the Loop(78, 5%) and Oral pill (87.0%). 4. Seventy seven percent of the respondents recognized the Health Center as an available source for family planning. 5. About seventy percent of the respondents approved of family planning. 6. Eighty four point five percent of all the respondents answered that using contraceptives is harmful to maternal health. 7. Currently, 21.0 percent of the respondents were using contraceptives, while 40.0 percent of the respondents were current users or had used contraceptives. 5. Of the respondents who had ever stopped using contraceptives, 78.0 percent gave side effects as the reason they discontinued the method. 9. The average number of ideal children reported by the respondents was 3.5. 10. If they had only 2 daughters, 85.5 Percent of the respondents thought they must have more children. 11. Sixty nine point five percent of the respondents approved of induced abortion for unwanted pregnancies, while 34.5 percent of the respondents had experienced induced abortion for unwanted pregnancies. The mean number of induced abortion for unwanted pregnancies was 0.7. 12. The result of this study showed that such urban slum population would be one of the most important target of the family planning services, therefore further social-psychological researches with technical development on this area are recommended.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.59-69
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• 1998

The purpose of this research is to be grasp the relation between lumbago incidence rate and research hypothesis in the effects of sex life of the middle-aged couples in Taejon area upon lumbago. This writer had questionaired the 400 middle-aged couples in Taejon city - Jung-gu, Seo-gu, Dong-gu, Yuseong-gu, and Taedeok-gu - from June 1, to June 30, 1998. Of them, total 209 question papers were drawn back; male 102, female 107. Analysis of the data is as follows; 1. 145(69.37%) subjects of total 209 had low back pain experience after their sexual lives. 2. In the number of sexual times a week, low back pain incidence were the most rate in 1-2 times as 41.55%, each other had a statistically significant relation (P<0.01). 3. In age and lumbago incidence rate, the 30s was 37.75% and each other had a significant relation (P<0.05). 4. In weight and lumbago incidence rate, the level of 50kg~60kg was highest and each other didn't have a significant relation (P>0.05). 5. In the mean sexual time, the period of 11~20 minutes was 29.47% and each other had a significant relation (P>0.01). 6. In a day time of sexual life and lumbago incidence rate, midnight was the highest rate(36.23%) and each other didn't have a significant relation (P>0.05). 7. In the lumbago incidence rate according to bedroom structure of sexual life, a bed was 38.17% and each other had a significant relation (P>0.05). 8. In the lumbago incidence rate according to sexual posture, a normal position showed the highest rate(46.12%) and each other didn't have a significant relation (P>0.05). According to the results of our research, lumbago has relation to the number of sex life a week, age, the mean time of sexual life, and bedroom structure of sexual life. So it is thought that it is necessary that middle-aged couples periodically study the educational programs to make an prevention education for low back pain the key points.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.303-312
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• 1998

In this study, the multimedia CAl program for chemical equilibrium in high school grade 3 was developed and the effect of CAl on achievement and attitude toward chemistry instruction and computer was investigated. Before instruction, the test of attitudes toward chemistry instruction and computer were administered, and the grade in the mid-term examination was obtained. These scores were used as covariates. Mid-term science score was used as blocking variable. For chemical equilibrium instruction, traditional and computer assisted instruction were used. After instruction, the achievement test and the test of attitudes toward science instruction and computer were administered. The results indicated that students in the treatment group achieved significantly better than those in the control group, but did not show improvement of attitude to chemistry instruction and computer compared to those in the control group. No significant interaction between the treatment and the level of students' prior achievement was found. Female achieved significantly better under CAl than under traditional instruction. In two subtests(understanding and application), treatment group achieved better in the subtest of application than control group. CAl had an effect on chemical equilibrium state (about reversibility) significantly. While female of the treatment group did not show more positive attitude toward both chemistry instruction and computer significantly than that of the control group, male showed more positive attitude significantly. Educational implications are discussed.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.51-63
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• 2012

This study aims to evaluate the satisfaction of students with a block system and it's effect on preparing students for a culinary career in the future. Summing up the outcomes of this study, male students reported higher levels of satisfaction than female students not only regarding a block system $perse$ (significant level 0.05) but with regards to career preparation as well (level 0.01). According to the choice variations disclosed by this study, a strong correlation exists with each of the p-values 0.000. Additionally, satisfaction with a block system appears to be strongly related to how well it is perceived to prepare students for future jobs with a RSQ = 0.840. Summing up the study's conclusions on gender effects, satisfaction with a block system is higher for males than females due to its being physically harder to take for female than for male students. Also, student grades have no correlation with satisfaction with a block system while they show significant differences in future job will. Freshmen (first year students) displayed the strongest level of satisfaction regarding future career preparation while seniors (fourth year students) the lowest. According to these results, we can posit a theory; gender and study years have an effect on the satisfaction with a block educational program and perceived value of career preparation. Therefore, culinary instructors and planners should consider this study's results to improve student satisfaction and future job preparedness.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.459-483
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• 2010

This study aims to develop materials related to math education for the aged and to identify the effects of application as part of active measures to the aging society with its growing elderly population which is one of the greatest changes in our society. In this purpose, the necessity and objectives for development of materials of 'Silver Math' as education for the aged are explained. Developing and disseminating materials with a role as a program for intelligent needs and physical and spiritual health of the aged presents standards for development of more systemic and meaningful educational materials at this point of time when the importance of education of the aged increases to help the old enjoy qualitatively successful lives in later years in the perspective of lifelong education. Also it aims to present standards of contents and requirements in learning that are adequate and meaningful to old learners at the actual learning sites where education takes place only in terms of making good use of spare time while at the same time suggesting plans of teaching and learning as well as conditions for learning environment. Next, the effectiveness of 'Silver Math' are explored by applying developed materials to the aged. materials of 'Silver Math' for the aged with contents that are appropriate to the definitive and cognitive level of the aged are presented. The developed materials for mathematical activities are divided into 'computation of basic numbers' for those wishing to learn calculation and concepts of numbers, 'active math' that corresponds to definitive factors of old learners, facilitates leisure time through mathematical activities, and Improves communication abilities through cooperative learning among learners, and 'math with thinking power' to solve simple calculation problems by applying to various actual situations.