• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.629-636
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• 2012

Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare the characteristics of single and double finger gestures related on the web browser and to extract the appropriate finger gestures. Background: As electronic equipment emphasizes miniaturization for improving portability various interfaces are being developed as input devices. Electronic devices are made smaller, the gesture recognition technology using the touch-based interface is favored for easy editing. In addition, user focus primarily on the simplicity of intuitive interfaces which propels further research of gesture based interfaces. In particular, the fingers in these intuitive interfaces are simple and fast which are users friendly. Recently, the single and double finger gestures are becoming more popular so more applications for these gestures are being developed. However, systems and software that employ such finger gesture lack consistency in addition to having unclear standard and guideline development. Method: In order to learn the application of these gestures, we performed the sketch map method which happens to be a method for memory elicitation. In addition, we used the MIMA(Meaning in Mediated Action) method to evaluate gesture interface. Results: This study created appropriate gestures for intuitive judgment. We conducted a usability test which consisted of single and double finger gestures. The results showed that double finger gestures had less performance time faster than single finger gestures. Single finger gestures are a wide satisfaction difference between similar type and difference type. That is, single finger gestures can judge intuitively in a similar type but it is difficult to associate functions in difference type. Conclusion: This study was found that double finger gesture was effective to associate functions for web navigations. Especially, this double finger gesture could be effective on associating complex forms such as curve shaped gestures. Application: This study aimed to facilitate the design products which utilized finger and hand gestures.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.437-446
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• 2017

Objective: This study aims to draw an efficient UI design by comparing the usability of App drawer and single-layered home screens, which are smartphone home screens. Background: Because smartphone home screen is frequently used including the installation, deletion, and editing of APPs, it should be designed with easily controllable information structure. There is a need to seek a user-friendly UI by comparing the usability of App drawer and single-layered home screens, of which methods to search Apps are different. There is also a need to examine an efficient UI and the factors to improve from the user perspective. Method: This study targeted 30 Android OS and iOS users to evaluate the App drawer and single-layered home screens, of which UI structures are different. Each participant was instructed to carry out an App searching task and App deleting task, and the execution time and the number of errors were measured. After the tasks were completed, they evaluated satisfaction through a questionnaire survey. Results: In the App searching task with low task level, there was no difference in execution level between the App drawer and single-layered home screens. However, the single-layered home screen showed higher efficiency and accuracy in the App deleting task with high task level. As for the group difference according to use experience, there was no difference in satisfaction among Android OS users, but iOS user satisfaction with single-layered home screen with which they were familiar was higher. Conclusion: As for home screen usability, the single-layered home screen UI structure can be advantageous, as task level is higher. Repulsion was higher, when users, who had used easier UI, used complex UI in comparison with user satisfaction, when users familiar with complex UI used easier UI. A UI indicating the current status with clear label marking through a task flow chart-based analysis, and a UI in which a user can immediately recognize by exposing hidden functions to the first depth were revealed as things to improve. Application: The results of this study are expected to be used as reference data in designing smartphone home screens. Especially, when iOS users use Android OS, the results are presumed to contribute to the reduction of predicted barriers.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.1023-1033
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• 2020

Objective: The efficiency of the knock-in process is very important to successful gene editing in domestic animals. Recently, it was reported that transient loosening of the nucleosomal folding of transcriptionally inactive chromatin might have the potential to enhance homologous recombination efficiency. The objective of this study was to determine whether histone deacetylases (HDAC) inhibitor and RAD51 recombinase (RAD51) expression were associated with increased knock-in efficiency on the β-casein (bCSN2) gene locus in mammary alveolar-large T antigen (MAC-T) cells using the transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALEN) system. Methods: MAC-T cells were treated with HDAC inhibitors, valproic acid, trichostatin A, or sodium butyrate for 24 h, then transfected with a knock-in vector, RAD51 expression vector and TALEN to target the bCSN2 gene. After 3 days of transfection, the knock-in efficiency was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing of the target site. Results: The level of HDAC 2 protein in MAC-T cells was decreased by treatment with HDAC inhibitors. The knock-in efficiency in MAC-T cells treated with HDAC inhibitors was higher than in cells not treated with inhibitors. However, the length of the homologous arm of the knock-in vector made no difference in the knock-in efficiency. Furthermore, DNA sequencing confirmed that the precision of the knock-in was more efficient in MAC-T cells treated with sodium butyrate. Conclusion: These results indicate that chromatin modification by HDAC inhibition and RAD51 expression enhanced the homologous recombination efficiency on the bCSN2 gene locus in MAC-T cells.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2017

In this paper, I analyzed the cause that girl' ICT literacy score was hiegher than boy's score in middle school after 2010. KERIS had sampled 1% of whole middle school students and measured their ICT level. Therefore, I analyzed the correlation by gender between ICT literacy score and the using habit of ICT based on that result. As a result, the girl's score was higher than the boy's score in field of creating or editing documents, searching information for homework and study, accessing to on-line dictionary for study and enjoying SNS. Also, that difference between girl and boy had little correlation with ICT literacy score. Therefore, I proposed educational method for ICT literacy learning based on the difference of habit to use ICT between boys and girls.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.105-125
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• 2016

Objectives : This study aims to investigate the background of, and theoretical system behind the Jinkuiyuhanjing that was edited and published at the same time as the Shanghanlun by the Jiaozhengyishuju (governmental publishing sector) of Northern Song. Methods : To determine the background against which Jinkuiyuhanjing was published, its position and meaning within the Medical Texts Editing Project of the Jiaozhengyishuju was firstly examined. For its theoretical background, the contents of Zhengzhizongli, which is considered to be an introduction to the Jinkuiyuhanjing was thoroughly analyzed. Moreover, to understand the unique philosophy of the Jinkuiyuhanjing, referneces were made to relevant contents in the 'Shinhyeong' chapter of the Donguibogam. Results : The findings of the study call for a re-evluation of the Jinkuiyuhanjing as holding a unique philosophical perspective and having an independent lineage instead of being a supplementary material to the Shanghanlun as it was once understood. Conclusions : The research of Zhangzhongjing's Classical Formulas(經方) revealed that the theoretical thinking and contents of Jinkuiyuhanjing hold much value and should be actively studied and applied. Furthermore, it lends important meaning in understanding the tradition of Korean Classical Formulas as represented in the Donguibogam.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.249-255
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• 2017

Recently, among smart phone functions, cameras are one of the most popular functions and have become one of the most influential functions for purchasing smartphones. However, the basic camera application of the smart phone has a complicated user environment, which is causing many difficulties for the first time user. In this study, Galaxy S7, which is the newest Galaxy S series among the most used Galaxy S series in Korea, was selected and the usability test of the camera application was limited to shooting and editing sharing functions. As a result, first, improvement of icon graphic and label of text form should be provided at the same time to increase the recognition rate and attention of the icon. Second, it is necessary to simplify the structure and provide an intuitive interface in order to facilitate access to various modes and functions. Third, it is necessary to simplify the provision of personalized customized menus or functions in the development of the camera application because it causes a high failure rate and inconvenience in the special functions which are not widely used.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.221-226
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• 2017

This study investigates the user experience about the camera application and the operation environment that share the photographed pictures with the SNS in a smartphone user environment which is a necessity of modern people. To do this, 10 task tasks were selected based on 3 aspects such as manipulation, editing, and sharing, and the task execution time was measured after tasks were performed on 8 persons, 4 persons in 20s. Experiments conducted mainly on Samsung Experience 8 and LG UX 6.0, which are representative user interfaces of Android mobile operating system, showed that there are differences in usability between the three interfaces for each interface. In the course of the experiment, all of the subjects mentioned ease of operation and various functions as advantages. However, the complexity of text-based interfaces has been difficult to use because of the variety of functions that can be set up. Future research will be needed to improve the usability of camera applications by user interface.

• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.88-92
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• 2018

'UFO2MF' and 'Korean MetaFont Generator' have been developed to convert UFO codes to the corresponding Metafont codes by using outline editing methods. However, 'UFO2MF' cannot express smooth curves because it use only reference points without using control points. And 'Korean MetaFont Generator' can easily design the curve of characters, and supports Hangul characters, but this system does not support Roman characters. In this paper, we propose a UFO2xMF system, which can convert both Korean and Roman characters from outline text information into Metafont codes. UFO2xMF can apply attribute values which can change the shape of letters during the conversion of Metafont code. It is also a highly compatible system that can convert the characters of various languages not only Korean characters but also Roman and other characters into Metafont codes by applying letters with baseline and centerline of gravity.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.42 no.4 s.304
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• pp.1-10
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• 2005

Recently, most of PLC has been using widely in automation equipment that is needed for field of industry automation. HMI is essential system for effective Control of many numbers of PLC. Even though early HMI system was consists of simple analog devices, however, HMI system could control or supervise PLC through display screen since it embeds various digital parts by development of technology in these days. HMI system consists of three parts as HMI hardware, an operating program for HMI equipment and a HMI screen editor. Among these elements, a Program for editing screen of HMI should provide various screen elements that helps users to edit each screens displayed on HMI. In this study, we design and implement screen edit program by object-oriented method for small HMI equipment and propose Prototype of embedded HMI system.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.11 no.3 s.32
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• pp.284-301
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• 2006

In this paper, we present a design and implementation of a TV-Anytime metadata authoring tool for providing personalized data-broadcasting services. The TV-Anytime specifies metadata schema, metadata coding and delivery, and provides service models to provide personalized broadcasting content services at anytime when users want to consume using metadata including ECG (Electronic Content Guide) and content descriptive information in a PDR (Personal Digital Recorder)-centric environment. In spite of a useful services based on TV-anytime metadata, the metadata authoring still remains as a harassing and time consuming task. For easy metadata authoring, the proposed metadata authoring provides the following key functionalities: metadata visualization, media access, and semi-automatic method for editing segment related metadata.