• Title/Summary/Keyword: Edge base

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Evaluation of cyclic behavior of lateral load resisting system with eccentric brace and steel plate

  • Reza Khalili Sarbangoli;Ahmad Maleki;Ramin K. Badri
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • 제89권3호
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    • pp.239-252
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    • 2024
  • Steel plate shear walls (SPSWs) are classified as lateral load-resisting systems. The feasibility of openings in the steel plate is a characteristic of SPSWs. The use of openings in SPSWs can lower the load capacity, stiffness, and energy dissipation. This study proposes a novel form of SPSWs that provides convenient access through openings by combining steel plates and eccentrically braced frames (EBFs). The proposed system also avoids a substantial reduction in the strength and stiffness. Hence, various geometric forms were analyzed through two different structural approaches. Groups 1, 2, and 3 included a steel EBF with a steel plate between the column and EBF in order to improve system performance. In Group 4, the proposed system was evaluated within an SPSW with openings and an EBF on the opening edge. To evaluate the performance of the proposed systems, the nonlinear finite element method (NL-FEM) was employed under cyclic loading. The hysteresis (load-drift) curve, stress contour, stiffness, and damping were evaluated as the structural outputs. The numerical models indicated that local buckling within the middle plate-EBF connection prevented a diagonal tension field. Moreover, in group 4, the EBF and stiffeners on the opening edge enhanced the structural response by approximately 7.5% in comparison with the base SPSW system.

협력적 스케줄링 및 빔형성을 위한 순환적 코드북 기법 (Cyclic Codebook Scheme for Coordinated Scheduling and Beamforming)

  • 김성현;이상훈
    • 한국통신학회논문지
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    • 제36권11A호
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    • pp.861-869
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    • 2011
  • 본 연구는 다중 셀 환경에서 셀 간 간섭의 영향을 극복하기 위한 제한적 되먹임 기반의 협력적 스케줄링 및 빔형성 기법에 관한 것으로, 셀 간 간섭의 영향이 크게 작용하는 셀 외곽에서의 성능을 향상시키면서 또한 전체 시스템의 성능을 보장하는 것을 목표로 한다. 기존 전체 채널상태정보 기반의 협력적 스케줄링 및 빔형성 기법의 경우, 시용자와 기지국은 채널상태정보의 되먹임 및 채널상태정보 교환에 대한 과부하가 크게 발생한다. 본 연구에서는 제한된 되먹임 기반의 협력적 스케줄링 및 협력적 빔형성 기법에서 인접 셀 간 간섭을 줄일 수 있는 간섭 채널의 영공간의 효율적 확보를 위한 코드북을 제안하고, 제안하는 코드북을 기반으로 외곽의 성능 및 전체 시스템의 성능을 높이기 위한 협력적 스케줄링 및 빔형성 기법을 제안한다. 제안하는 기법에 대한 성능은 비례적 공정 스케줄링을 통하여 외곽사용자의 채널용량 증가 및 전체 시스템의 채널용량 증가를 보임으로써 제시하였다.

가이디드 이미지 필터를 이용한 다중 스케일 분할 톤 매핑 기법 (Multi-scale Decomposition tone mapping using Guided Image Filter)

  • ;정제창
    • 방송공학회논문지
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    • 제23권4호
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    • pp.474-483
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    • 2018
  • 본 논문에서는 가이디드 이미지 필터를 이용한 다중 스케일 넓은 동적 영역 톤 매핑 알고리듬을 제안한다. 가이디드 이미지 필터는 이미지를 베이스 레이어와 디테일 레이어로 나누기 위해 사용된다. 이때 디테일 레이어의 동적 영역을 줄이기 위해 압축 함수가 사용된다. 하지만 대부분의 경우의 이미지는 다양한 스케일의 디테일과 에지 정보를 포함하고있다. 즉, 특정 스케일로 디테일 특성을 표현하는 것은 불가능하며 단일 스케일 이미지 분할 방법은 에지 주변에서 열화 현상을 야기시킨다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 다중 스케일 이미지 분할 방법을 제안한다. 다중 스케일의 디테일 레이어들을 이용하여 에지 보존 정도를 조절한다. 실험 결과를 통해 제안하는 알고리듬이 기존의 알고리듬 보다 에지 보존의 정도가 더 우수함을 보인다.

주어진 회전 수열에 대한 최소 히스토그램 (Minimum Histogram for Given Turn Sequences)

  • 김재훈
    • 한국정보통신학회논문지
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    • 제23권9호
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    • pp.1146-1151
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    • 2019
  • 히스토그램 H는 가장 왼쪽 수직 에지와 가장 오른쪽 수직 에지를 연결하는 기저라고 불리는 하나의 수평 에지를 가진 x-단조 직교 다각형이다. 여기서 직교 다각형은 수평과 수직 에지들만을 가진 다각형이고, x-단조 다각형 P는 x-축에 수직인 모든 직선이 P와 많아야 두 번 교차하는 성질을 만족하는 다각형이다. 히스토그램 H의 테두리 선을 따라 반시계방향으로 움직이면, 꼭짓점에서 왼쪽 회전과 오른쪽 회전의 수열을 얻는다. 역으로, 꼭짓점에서의 회전들로 이루어진 수열이 히스토그램에 의해서 구현될 수 있다. 이 논문에서 우리는 주어진 회전 수열을 구현하는 히스토그램을 찾는 문제를 다룬다. 특별히 면적을 최소화하는 히스토그램과 구속 상자를 최소화하는 히스토그램을 찾을 것이다. 두 문제 모두 선형 시간 알고리즘들에 의해 풀리는 것을 보일 것이다.

A FUNDAMENTAL STUDY TO DEVELOP STANDARD TECHNOLOGY CRITERIA FOR IT-CONSTRUCTION FUSION TECHNOLOGIES, TO BE APPLIED TO A U-CITY

  • Kyoon-Tai Kim;Jae-Goo Han;Chang-Han Kim
    • 국제학술발표논문집
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    • The 3th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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    • pp.1352-1358
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    • 2009
  • As the demand for a convergence between construction technologies and IT is on the rise, as seen in the visualization of U-City construction, studies on the ways in which IT in should be utilized in the building and construction field have been continuously and actively performed. However, there has been almost no development of standardized technology criteria relating to the life cycle of a building (planning, design, construction, and maintenance). That is, there are almost no examples of efforts made to combine construction technology and IT in a fundamental way, considering the environment, the facility, its spatial characteristics, engineering, materials, and structure, aspects that are commonly required not only for interior spaces but also for exterior construction of U-City. Despite the fact that a state-of-the-art infrastructure has been built, and the competency of users with the cutting-edge technology, composite studies on technologies, facilities, services and spaces are still lacking, and basic research on the composite operation method including compatibility and linkage between facilities and services within a U-City has been insufficient as well. It is generally known that by fusing IT with construction technologies, the total period of construction taken can be reduced and construction expenses can be curtailed, while construction quality can be improved. For this reason, it is vital to prepare a standardized base to connect cutting-edge IT with the construction technologies. In preparing such a base, the most urgent issue is to develop standardized technology criteria. The ultimate objective of this research is to establish the technological criteria system required to apply construction-IT fused technologies to U-Cities, and to develop the technological criteria for the design, construction and maintenance of the U-Cities. This paper, whose objective is to establish development strategies for construction-IT fused technologies by way of analyzing the criteria for conventional construction projects, the necessity of criteria for construction-IT fused technologies, and the current status of U-Cities' development, is the underlying research for this purpose. The strategies established are expected to be utilized in establishing the system of criteria for construction-IT fused technologies, and to contribute to a knowledge base in the construction-IT field. In addition, based on the strategies established, criteria for construction-IT fused technologies, such as design criteria and construction standards, will be developed, and by applying these criteria and standards, the ultimate objectives of U-Cities, which are the enhancement of urban competitiveness and the satisfaction of residents, will be attained

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의치상용 자가중합레진의 중합조건에 따른 파괴인성 (FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF SELF-CURING DENTURE BASE RESINS WITH DIFFERENT POLYMERIZING CONDITIONS)

  • 정수양;김지혜;양병덕;박주미;송광엽
    • 대한치과보철학회지
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    • 제43권1호
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    • pp.52-60
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    • 2005
  • Purpose. The intent of this study was to evaluate the effects of curing conditions on self-curing denture base resins to find out proper condition in self-curing resin polymerization. Materials and methods, In this study, 3 commercial self-curing denture base resins are used Vertex SC, Tokuso Rebase and Jet Denture Repair Acrylic. After mixing the self curing resin, it was placed in a stainless steel mold(3$\times$6$\times$60mm). The mold containing the resin was placed under the following conditions: in air at 23$^{\circ}C$; or in water at 23$^{\circ}C$; or in water at 23$^{\circ}C$ under pressure(20psi); or in water at 37$^{\circ}C$ under pressure(20psi) or in water at 50$^{\circ}C$ under pressure(20psi) , or in water at 65$^{\circ}C$ under pressure(20psi), respectively. Also heat-curing denture base resin is polymerized according to manufactures' instructions as control. Fracture toughness was measured by a single edge notched beam(SENB) method. Notch about 3mm deep was carved at the center of the long axis of the specimen using a dental diamond disk driven by a dental micro engine. The flexural test was carried out at a crosshead speed 0.5mm/min and fracture surface were observed under measuring microscope. Results and conclusion . The results obtained were summarized as follows : 1. The fracture toughness value of self-curing denture base resins were relatively lower than that of heat-curing denture base resin. 2. In Vertex SC and Jet Denture Repair Acrylic, higher fracture toughness value was observed in the curing environment with pressure but in Tokuso Rebase, low fracture toughness value was observed but there was no statistical difference. 3. Higher fracture toughness value was observed in the curing environment with water than air but there was no statistical difference. 4. Raising the temperature in water showed the increase of fracture toughness.

가변논리소자에 의한 논리함수의 실현에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Realiation of Logical function by flexible Logical Cells)

  • 임재탁
    • 대한전자공학회논문지
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    • 제11권4호
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    • pp.1.1-11
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    • 1974
  • 변경의 Parameter를 제어 함으로써 임의의 조합논리함수를 이차원가변논리회로로 실현하는 일반적이고 조직적인 방법을 개발하였다. n변수-n출력 조합논리회로의 진리치표를 상태할당에 의해서 상태가의 변환으로 포착하여 이를 다치일변수 영리수수의 실현문제로 취급하였다. 이 다위일변수 함수집합이 정규결합연산에 환하여 반군을 이룬다는 사실에 착안하여 3개의 기저함수를 정의하고 이 기저함수에 의하여 임의의 다치일변수함수를 생성하는 기저함수렬의 조직적 구성법을 구하였다. 기저함수를 실현하는 기본회로를 단위회로의 일차원 배열로 구성하고 오직 하나의 기본회로만으로 3개의 기저함수외에도 몇개의 기저함수의 계열과 또 기저함수의 역함수를 실현하도록 하였다. 이 기본회로를 이차원으르 배열하고 변경의 parameter만을 적절히 설정 함으로써 임의의 조합논리회로를 실현하는 알고리즘을 구성하였다.

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Energy-Efficient Base Station Sleep Scheduling in Relay-Assisted Cellular Networks

  • Chen, Hongbin;Zhang, Qiong;Zhao, Feng
    • KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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    • 제9권3호
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    • pp.1074-1086
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    • 2015
  • We Relay-assisted cellular network architecture has been developed to cover cell-edge users and to improve capacity. However, the deployment of relay stations (RSs) in cellular networks may increase the total energy consumption. Though energy efficiency has become a major concern in cellular networks, little work has studied the energy efficiency of relay-assisted cellular networks by sleep scheduling. In this paper, a distributed base stations (BSs) sleep scheduling scheme in relay-assisted cellular networks is proposed. The goal is to maximize the energy efficiency under the spectral efficiency constraint. Firstly, whether the BSs should be sleeping or active is determined by the traffic profile. Then, the transmission powers of the active BSs are optimized within the game-theoretic framework, by using an interior-point method, so as to maximize the energy efficiency. Simulation results demonstrate that the effectiveness of the proposed scheme is superior to that turning on all the BSs without sleep scheduling.

플레이트거더 용접구조상세의 피로거동에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Fatigue Behavior of the Welded Structural Details in Plate Girder)

  • 이명구;이승용
    • 한국안전학회지
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    • 제23권2호
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    • pp.14-20
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    • 2008
  • The objective of this study is to examine fatigue strength of the welded details. In order to attain the goal of this study, the bending fatigue tests was performed for four kinds of welded details used in steel bridges, such as in-plane gusset, out-of-plane gusset, cruciform, and cover plate. The effect of the length of welded attachment on fatigue strength was greater in out-of-plane gusset than in in-plane gusset. The fatigue strength of welded details with short attachment was superior to that with long attachment. Fatigue strength of welded details with transversely loaded welds was lower than that with longitudinally loaded welds, and those results were not satisfied with AASHTO specifications. For the fatigue strength of cover plate, cover plate with rectangular section was superior to that with tapered section. It was found that the fatigue crack initiates at the points of stress concentration which are the boundary between the base metal and the bead of weld in the part of the longitudinal edge of attachment, and propagates first along the boundary and along the perpendicular to the direction of the principle stress in the base metal of welded tip.

OFDM 기반의 셀룰러 시스템에서 가상 스마트 안테나를 이용한 셀 간 간섭 제거 기법 (An Intercell Interference Cancellation Method for OFDM-based Cellular Systems Using a Virtual Smart Antenna)

  • 박경원;이규인;안재영;조용수
    • 한국통신학회논문지
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    • 제30권12A호
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    • pp.1161-1167
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    • 2005
  • 본 논문에서는 주파수 재사용률이 1인 OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) 기반의 셀룰러 시스템을 위한 가상 스마트 안테나 개념을 소개한다. OFDM 기반의 셀룰러 시스템은 다중경로 채별에 강건한 장점이 있으나, 셀 경계에서 인접 셀에 의한 셀 간 간섭이 큰 단점이 있다. 본 논문예서는 다수의 기지국으로부터 수신되는 OFDM 신호의 심볼 타이밍 오프셋 추정 기법을 유도하고 준정칙 페이딩 채널에서 이러한 심볼 타이밍 오프셋에 의하여 형성된 조정백터(steering vector)을 이용한 가상 스마트 안테나 기반의 셀 간 간섭 제거 기법을 제안한다.