• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.193-203
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• 2020

Volatile compounds (VOCs) are not only media for communication within a species but also effective tools for sender to manipulate behavior and physiology of receiver species. Although the influence of VOCs on the interactions among organisms is evident, types of VOCs and specific mechanisms through which VOCs work during such interactions are only beginning to become clear. Here, we review the fungal volatile compounds (FVOCs) and their impacts on different recipient organisms from perspective of distinct lifestyles of the filamentous fungi. Particularly, we discuss the possibility that different lifestyles are intimately associated with an ability to produce a repertoire of FVOCs in fungi. The FVOCs discussed here have been identified and analyzed as relevant signals under a range of experimental settings. However, mechanistic insight into how specific interactions are mediated by such FVOCs at the molecular levels, amidst complex community of microbes and plants, requires further testing. Experimental designs and advanced technologies that attempt to address this question will facilitate our understanding and applications of FVOCs to agriculture and ecosystem management.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.107-121
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• 2023

The assessment of perceived naturalness aims to elucidate the human perception and explain the interaction between natural environments and humans. The perception of ecological assets that exhibit distinct characteristics within a specific region can manifest in various representations. Based on the users' perceptions and interviews regarding ecological assets, this study assessed the perceived naturalness from a cultural services perspective. Specifically, the discussions on Ansan City's ecological assets and revolved around the inherent value of naturalness in dimensions, such as the necessity for conservation and the sustainable development of ecological assets, the perception of ecosystem benefits, the representativeness as a local asset, and usability. Subsequently, the Q method was employed to present 25 representative ecological assets to 25 users. As a result, user groups with different value systems for each question were identified, and hypothetical personas for cultural service enjoyment were distinguished. The most representative persona among the 25 users was identified as AWP (a type that values the conservation of aquatic ecosystems, prefers waterfront landscapes, and enjoys walking). Since perceived naturalness is conceptually similar to the "benefits perceived by users" in evaluating ecosystem services, it can provide more practical evaluation criteria for cultural services.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.125-145
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• 2020

We explore technology ecosystem of smart surgical medical system by analyzing patent data applied for in Korea and Japan. First, a review of trends of patent application by country/technological domain show that there exist a minority of technology domains focused on R&D, which represent their trends have been increasingly active. Also, while a number of Japanese firms mainly consist of the patent market of Japan, in case of the Korean market, a few universities, SMEs, and foreign firms are found to be the main applicants. As a result of the network analysis with the links as the relations of co-patenting, the relationships, which are active of convergence and knowledge spillover among the heterogeneous technology domains within each market, as well as the technology domains, which are the most active in international cooperation among each homogeneous domain, could get derived and visualized in the ecosystem. In addition, the technology domains in each patent market with leading locations, roles, and influence in the network can also be identified through the centrality analysis. In this study, the analysis for technology competitiveness are carried out focusing on patent activity and patent impact. The results denote that across all domains, the Japanese market may possess higher patent activity and patent impact compared to the Korean market. In consequence, we derive the position map for comparison by country and technology domain from a perspective considering comprehensively the multi-dimensional attributes based on the results of both network analysis and technology competitiveness.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.157-167
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• 2015

This research studied how idol music popularity influences on equilibrium of ecosystem in Korean popular music market. Because most of media & press reported that idol music caused unbalance of whole market so this research issued it. Research method is borrowed production of cultural perspective of Peterson and subject of analysis is selected idol music from Melon weekly music chart(2000-2014), which is No. 1 digital music distributor. The result showed idol music did not bring unbalance of ecosystem structure in Korean polular music market and found it contributed diversity of music genre in music market by introducing various musical style all the more. This kind of untested information should not cause idol music production leading new Korean Wave to shrink. Government related organization has to do policy making based on verified fact in future and it should be handled as important matter for sustainable and expansive reproduction of Korean wave.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.142-142
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• 2023

Humans inevitably and continuously produce wastewater in daily life worldwide. To decrease the degradation of river water bodies and aquatic ecosystem therein, humans have built systems at different scales to collect, drain, and treat household-produced wastewater. Particularly, municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with centralized controls have played a key role in reducing loads of nutrients in domestic wastewater for the last few decades. Notwithstanding such contributions, impaired rivers regarding water quality and habitat integrity still exist at the whole river basin scale. It is highly attributable to the absence of dilution capacity of receiving streams and/or the accumulation of the pollutant loads along flow paths. To improve the perspective for individual WWTPs assessment, the first crucial step is to achieve systematic understanding on spatial distribution characteristics of all WWTPs together in a given river basin. By taking the initiative, our former study showed spatial hierarchical distributions of WWTPs in three large urbanized river basins in Germany. In this study, we uncover how municipal WWTPs in the contiguous United States are distributed along river networks in a give river basin. The extended spatial scope allows to deal with wide ranges in geomorphological attributes, hydro-climatic conditions, and socio-economic status. Furthermore, we identify the relation of the findings with multiple factors related to human activities, such as the spatial distribution of human settlements, the degree of economy development, and the fraction of communities served by WWTPs. Generalizable patterns found in this study are expected to contribute to establishing viable management plans for recent water-environmental challenges caused by WWTP-discharges to river water bodies.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.189-207
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• 2010

We applied IT ecosystem analysis to Smart Grid system in this paper and thereby compared various arguments about Smart Grid technologies against the reality of the power generation and distribution in South Korea with a special attention to the power distribution side. Our work attempts to propose policy implications in the government-level based on a firm-level analysis using the framework of the competitive strategy and advantage. The Smart Grid initiative is expected to enhance the efficiency in the power generation and distribution. In addition, the Smart Grid initiative aims at capturing the opportunities in the electric power business such as parts, components, supplies, and system products in the global arena. Prerequisites of smart distribution system include building infrastructure based on smart distribution parts, information systems, communication technologies, and developing various application programs and interfaces that would interact with the consumers. Consumers are expected to play an integral role by changing their consumption patterns in response to dynamic pricing and quality choices enabled by the smart distribution technologies. In order to induce the consumers to participate actively in the program, firms and policy makers should consider providing consumers economic incentives and proper education for better understanding of new technologies. Our work helps policy makers and firm better understand the nature of technology and stakeholders for the successful implementation of smart distribution technologies.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.669-691
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• 2022

In this analysis, from the perspective of the business ecosystem, the economic effects of the oil and gas E&P industry were estimated. Australia, Norway, and the US, which are countries that are active in oil and gas E&P projects, and Japan and Korea, which are not, were analyzed. According to the analysis results, every country has a induced production coefficient of the oil and gas E&P industry greater than 1. Norway and the US have formed an industrial ecosystem across all industries, evenly demanding intermediate inputs for the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries. In contrast, Korea and Japan have a very large input ratio from the tertiary industry and an industrial ecosystem centered on the tertiary industry. It should be considered that the high input ratio of certain industry in business ecosystem determine the scale of the induced effect. When the business ecosystem are formed with many industries evenly, and the induced coefficient is high, it is necessary to increase the amount of final demand of the industry to make the effects of coefficient to increase.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.283-294
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• 2007

Conventional culture-based methods of enumerating rumen microorganisms (bacteria, archaea, protozoa, and fungi) are being rapidly replaced by nucleic acid-based techniques which can be used to characterise complex microbial communities without incubation. The foundation of these techniques is 16S/18S rDNA sequence analysis which has provided a phylogenetically based classification scheme for enumeration and identification of microbial community members. While these analyses are very informative for determining the composition of the microbial community and monitoring changes in population size, they can only infer function based on these observations. The next step in functional analysis of the ecosystem is to measure how specific and, or, predominant members of the ecosystem are operating and interacting with other groups. It is also apparent that techniques which optimise the analysis of complex microbial communities rather than the detection of single organisms will need to address the issues of high throughput analysis using many primers/probes in a single sample. Nearly all the molecular ecological techniques are dependant upon the efficient extraction of high quality DNA/RNA representing the diversity of ruminal microbial communities. Recent reviews and technical manuals written on the subject of molecular microbial ecology of animals provide a broad perspective of the variety of techniques available and their potential application in the field of animal science which is beyond the scope of this treatise. This paper will focus on nucleic acid based molecular methods which have recently been developed for studying major functional groups (cellulolytic bacteria, protozoa, fungi and methanogens) of microorganisms that are important in nutritional studies, as well as, novel methods for studying microbial diversity and function from a genomics perspective.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.244-252
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• 2018

This study examined the aging of people with severe disabilities experiencing relative alienation and deprivation in an aging society to find ways to make them happy and economically stable. This study identified the determinants of economic preparation for aging among people with severe disabilities using the ecosystem perspective. For this study, data were drawn from Panel Survey of Employment for the Disabled (PSED). A total of 950 samples were used from the eighth wave. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the influence of various factors. As a result, age, level of education, employment, subjective socioeconomic status, self-esteem, income, homeowner, and non-beneficiaries affected the economic preparation for aging. These findings have practical and political implications concerned with improving the economic preparations for aging among people with severe disabilities.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2013

An emergy concept was used to evaluate the contributions of the Youngsan River Estuary to the Korean economy from systems and ecosystem service perspectives. Total emergy input to the estuary was $9.42{\times}10^{20}$ sej/yr with the chemical potential of river inflow accounting for 73% of the total and tidal energy for the remaining 27%, reflecting the unique environmental characteristics of estuaries where rivers meet sea. From the systems perspective, the estuary ecosystem contributed 179.9 billion em\/yr (14.91 million em\/ha/yr or 13,526 em$/ha/yr). Four ecosystem services of the Youngsan River Estuary were selected for the emergy evaluation: fishery production, pollutant removal, aesthetic function, and scientific research information. Aesthetic function contributed the most to the Korean economy with 179.9 billion em\/yr, followed by fishery production (101.1 billion em\/yr), pollutant removal (32.6 billion em\/yr), and scientific research information (934 million em\/yr). Emergy-based values of the selected ecosystem services of the estuary were higher than those calculated by economic methodologies.