Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.7850/jkso.2013.18.1.13

Emergy-Based Value of the Contributions of the Youngsan River Estuary Ecosystem to the Korean Economy  

Kang, Daeseok (Department of Ecological Engineering, Pukyong National University)
Publication Information
The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY / v.18, no.1, 2013 , pp. 13-20 More about this Journal
Abstract
An emergy concept was used to evaluate the contributions of the Youngsan River Estuary to the Korean economy from systems and ecosystem service perspectives. Total emergy input to the estuary was $9.42{\times}10^{20}$ sej/yr with the chemical potential of river inflow accounting for 73% of the total and tidal energy for the remaining 27%, reflecting the unique environmental characteristics of estuaries where rivers meet sea. From the systems perspective, the estuary ecosystem contributed 179.9 billion em\/yr (14.91 million em\/ha/yr or 13,526 em$/ha/yr). Four ecosystem services of the Youngsan River Estuary were selected for the emergy evaluation: fishery production, pollutant removal, aesthetic function, and scientific research information. Aesthetic function contributed the most to the Korean economy with 179.9 billion em\/yr, followed by fishery production (101.1 billion em\/yr), pollutant removal (32.6 billion em\/yr), and scientific research information (934 million em\/yr). Emergy-based values of the selected ecosystem services of the estuary were higher than those calculated by economic methodologies.
Keywords
Youngsan River Estuary; emergy value; ecosystem services;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 6  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Kang, D. and M.T. Brown, 2012b. Emergy basis of the global economy during 1981-2010. (Unpublished manuscript)
2 Kang, D., J. Nam, and S. Lee, 2006. Emergy valuation of a tidal flat ecosystem in the southwestern coast of Korea and its comparison with valuations using economic methodologies. Journal of the Environmental Sciences, 15(3): 243−252.   DOI   ScienceOn
3 KHOA (Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Administration), 2009. Bench mark data sheets. www.khoa.go.kr, accessed on 9/20/ 2009.
4 KISS (Koreanstudies Information Service System), 2009. kiss.ksstudy. com.accessed on 1/7/2009.
5 KMA (Korea Meteorological Administration), 1981-2010. Annual Climatological Report. Korea Meteorological Administration. Daejeon, Korea.
6 Kwak, S.-J., S.-H. Yoo, and J.-In. Chang, 2006. Valuing the Hanriver Estuary: using conjoint analysis. Kyong Je Hak Yon Gu, 54(4): 141−161.
7 Lee, C. and D. Kang, 2008. Emergy evaluation of the estuarine areas of Yeongsan River, Seomjin River, and Han River in Korea. Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment and Safety, 14(2): 135−143.   과학기술학회마을
8 Lee, C.-H., J. Nam, S.H. Kim, S.D. Park, B.H. Rho, T.H. Noh, S.J. Lee, H.J. Moon, Y.J. Choi, K.M. Huh, D.W. Kim, S.J. Kang, and S.S. Bang, 2004. Development of sustainable estuary management strategy in Korea. Korea Environment Institute. 646pp.
9 Lee, C.-H., D. Kang, J. Nam, B.G. Lee, and H.J. Yu, 2001. Integrated management strategies for estuarine environments in Korea. Korea Environment Institute and Korea Maritime Institute. 369pp.
10 Lee, S.M., 2001. Environmental accounting for Saemangeum tideland reclamation project. In: Proceedings of 2001 Spring Meeting of the Korean Society of Marine Environmental Engineering. pp.1−14.
11 MEA (Millenium Ecosystem Assessment), 2005. Ecosystems and human well-being: current state and trends. Island Press, Washington D.C., USA. 917pp.
12 MLTM (Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs), 2009. Establishment of the management strategies for estuarine areas(II) -Youngsan River Estuary. 619pp.
13 NFFC (National Federation of Fisheries Cooperatives), 2007. Evaluation and status of fisheries cooperatives. National Federation of Fisheries Cooperatives. 455pp.
14 Odum, H.T., 1983. Systems Ecology. Wiley, New York. 644pp.
15 Odum, H.T., 1994. Ecological and General Systems. University Press of Colorado, Niwot. 644pp.
16 Odum, H.T., 1996. Environmental Accounting: Emergy and Environmental Decision Making. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 370pp.
17 Odum, H.T., M.T. Brown, and S. Brandt-Williams, 2000. Folio #1: Introduction and Global Budget. Handbook of Emergy Evaluation. Center for Environmental Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
18 Barry, R.G. and R.J. Chorley, 1992. Atmosphere, Weather and Climate. Routledge, London. 392pp.
19 Rhew, H. and G.-H. Lee, 2011. Relationships on magnitude and frequency of freshwater discharge and rainfall in the altered Yeongsan estuary. The Sea, 16(4): 223−237.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Barbier, E.B., S.D. Hacker, C. Kennedy, E.W. Koch, A.C. Stier, and B.R. Silliman, 2011. The value of estuarine and coastal ecosystem services. Ecological Monographs, 81(2): 169−193.   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Brandt-Williams, S. and M.T. Brown, 2011. Renewable emergy in earth's biomes. In: Proceedings of the 6th Biennial Emergy Conference. pp.93-104.
22 Brown, M.T., R.D. Woithe, C.L. Montague, and E.D. Odum, 1993. Emergy analysis perspectives of the Exxon Valdez oil spill in Prince Williams Sound, Alaska. Report to the Cousteau Society. Center for Wetlands, University of Florida. CFW-93-01.
23 Cho, H.-J., J. Ryu, K.-H. Lee, B.-Y. Lee, D. Kang, J.S. Khim, J. Nam, and C.-H. Lee, 2011. Suggestions on the estuarine research projects for integrated estuarine management in Korea. The Sea, 16(4): 212−222.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
24 Costanza, R., R. d'Arge, R. de Groot, S. Farber, M. Grasso, B. Hannon, K. Limburg, S. Naeem, R.V. O'Neill, J. Paruelo, R.G. Gaskin, P. Sutton, and M. van den Belt, 1997. The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital. Nature, 387: 253−260.
25 DBPia, 2009. www.dbpia.co.kr. accessed on 1/7/2009.
26 Geber, U. and J. Bjorklund, 2002. The relationship between ecosystem services and purchased input in Swedish wastewater treatment systems - a case study. Ecological Engineering, 19: 97−117
27 Kang, D. and M.T. Brown, 2012a. Environmental accounting of the resource basis of the Korean economy during 1981-2010. (Unpublished manuscript)
28 Yoo, S.-H. and J.-S. Lee, 2011. Assessment of economic value of Youngsan River Estuary. Journal of Korea Water Resources Association, 44(8): 629−637.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
29 Song, K. and Y. Je, 2004. Ecological economic evaluation and management strategies for the Nakdong River Estuary. Busan Development Institute. 125pp.
30 Tilley, D.R., 1999. Emergy basis of forest systems. PhD. Dissertation, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA. 296pp.
31 Yoo, S.-H., 2007a. Measurement of the environmental value of the Seomjin-River Estuary. Journal of Environmental Policy, 6(2): 1−25.   과학기술학회마을
32 Yoo, S.-H., 2007b. Using the contingent valuation method based on multi-attribute utility theory to measure the environmental value of the Nakdong-River Estuary. Ocean and Polar Research, 29(1): 69−80.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn