• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.290-297
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• 2019

The estuary is a transition zone where fresh water and salt water meet because the stream is connected to the open sea area. So estuaries have very high biodiversity and form a unique ecosystem. However, before the recognition of the ecological value of the estuaries, various damage and disturbances have been occurred so countermeasures are needed. The river master plan is acting as a disturbance factor. However, the river master plan has the public object such as water disaster defense, river function improvement, and national water resources management. Therefore, it is necessary to study the ways in which the opposite relationship of development and ecosystem protection coexist. In this study, the concept of environmental windows were used to estimate the low impact development duration. We expected that proposed method for low impact development duration estimation can be used as a basis and basic data to protected the ecosystem from development project and disturbance in the future.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.641-651
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• 2021

Supercomputers have played an important role in various fields such as science, industry, national security and solutions for social issues, and their demand is increasing significantly as their use is strengthened in areas using big data and AI. Recently, competition for global exascale system development is accelerating based on various architectures, and the era of exascale computing is expected to come in the near future. However, the foundation of the domestic supercomputing ecosystem was lost due to the decline of the server industry in the past, and although the related law was enacted to supplement and foster it, it has not been able to perform its function smoothly. Therefore, this article examines the problems in the current legal system through the analysis of the relevant legal system and the status of the supercomputing ecosystem, and suggests improvements so that the relevant legal system, which can accommodate the reinforcement of the role of the government·national center·professional center, support for industries, promotion of commercialization of research results, and flexibility of government promotion policies, can prepare the basis for the promotion of the supercomputing R&D project.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.283-294
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• 2007

Conventional culture-based methods of enumerating rumen microorganisms (bacteria, archaea, protozoa, and fungi) are being rapidly replaced by nucleic acid-based techniques which can be used to characterise complex microbial communities without incubation. The foundation of these techniques is 16S/18S rDNA sequence analysis which has provided a phylogenetically based classification scheme for enumeration and identification of microbial community members. While these analyses are very informative for determining the composition of the microbial community and monitoring changes in population size, they can only infer function based on these observations. The next step in functional analysis of the ecosystem is to measure how specific and, or, predominant members of the ecosystem are operating and interacting with other groups. It is also apparent that techniques which optimise the analysis of complex microbial communities rather than the detection of single organisms will need to address the issues of high throughput analysis using many primers/probes in a single sample. Nearly all the molecular ecological techniques are dependant upon the efficient extraction of high quality DNA/RNA representing the diversity of ruminal microbial communities. Recent reviews and technical manuals written on the subject of molecular microbial ecology of animals provide a broad perspective of the variety of techniques available and their potential application in the field of animal science which is beyond the scope of this treatise. This paper will focus on nucleic acid based molecular methods which have recently been developed for studying major functional groups (cellulolytic bacteria, protozoa, fungi and methanogens) of microorganisms that are important in nutritional studies, as well as, novel methods for studying microbial diversity and function from a genomics perspective.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.15-18
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• 2010

Mangroves are special plant communities that live along intertidal zones in tropical and subtropical areas. They are regarded as one of the most important types of natural ecosystem in the world because of the many ecosystem functions that they perform, of which water purification is the most complex. Mangrove ecosystems are conducive to the deposition and retention of heavy metals. So it is important to understand the impact of heavy metals on mangrove ecosystems, and especially on soil subsystems. We examined the levels of heavy metals in the soil of mangroves in the Dongzhaigang Mangrove National Nature Reserve. Dongzhaigang, the first mangrove nature reserve established in China, is located south of Haikou in Hainan Island and encompasses $33.37\;km^2$, of which mangroves comprise $20.56\;km^2$. To assess the impact of human activities, we collected a large number of soil samples in four sampling areas (the protection station, the harbor, a tour area, and Yeboluo island) in the study area. We measured the concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd in the soil samples using the spectra of polyatomic molecules. The average concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd were $5.04\;{\mu}g/g$, $10.36\;{\mu}g/g$, $20.06\;{\mu}g/g$ and $0.06\;{\mu}g/g$, respectively, and the heavy metal concentrations were lowest in the protected area, highest in the harbor, and intermediate in Yeboluo Island and the tour area. The heavy metal concentrations in the soil collected from different sample plots are related not only to the physical and chemical properties of the soil, but also to the heavy metal emitted by nearby pollution sources. Our analysis indicates that tourist boats are the main pollution sources in the study area.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.85-97
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• 2011

The tidal flats of Korea today have reduced by 40% in size compared to 1964. To manage this important habitat properly, development of well-organized and nationwide-applicable grading systems is required. There have been several assessment systems proposed previously in Korea, but they are critically flawed in that selected biological indicators are not adequate and grading criteria are obscure and arbitrary. We reviewed the indicators used in these previous evaluation systems (e.g., diversity indices, quantity and quality of benthic macrofauna, halophytes, water birds, etc.) and subsequently proposed new indicators and an improved grading scheme. For the quantitative assessment of macrobenthic community, biomass reflecting production and ecosystem function is recommended over density, which is much less discriminatory among habitats. Of biodiversity indices used, within-, between-habitat and regional biodiversity indices that accurately reflect sampling efforts are suggested. In addition, we proposed to include species rarity, ecosystem engineers, and the ecological quality index ISEP (Inverse function of Shannon-Wiener Evenness Proportion). As for halophytes, their low spatial coverage on benthic habitat suggests that their presence can be used as an ecological indicator of benthic habitat, regardless of their protective status. We stress the need to introduce 1) quantile approach for quantitative indicators (e.g., diversity, biomass, etc.) in relation to grading, 2) presence-absence approach for spatial or aggregate indicators (e.g., boundaries of halophytes and feeding ground of water birds) and 3) benthic habitat mapping that combines all of these indicators.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2007

The Anyang River which located in an urban area near Seoul had been managed focusing on supplying home and industrial water and preventing floods, coping with rapid industrialization and urbanization. Consequently, it was changed into a deadly river during 25 years. Its channel was straightened by concrete and water quality deteriorated to BOD 190mg/l. In addition, water quantity has been rapidly decreased and has been drying up. Also, as the river ecosystem, landscape, water-friendly function, and so forth were seriously deteriorated, people turn away from the urban river. From 2001, the master plan under the 10-year has been actively carried out centering on the preceding items, which are healthy river in which fishes inhabit, safe river free from floods and droughts, and pleasant river where citizens visit. As a result, its water quality was remarkably improved by BOD 5mg/l in 2005 and some upper zones were improved enough to allow people to swim. Moreover, various animals including fish and birds gather around the river. Now, the 'Anyang River Restoration Project' is recognized as the first comprehensive and systematic nature-friendly urban river improvement in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.88-93
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• 1999

In modern period, the history of highway landscaping can be divided into three stages. The first stage from the late 1960s to the early 1970s : during this period revegetation operation started and landscape architecture was introduced. The second stage from the late 1970s to the early 1980s : during this period the definition of functional planting which had played the most important role in highway landscaping was established. Also, highway landscaping was influenced by Japan, and the revegetation of highway slopes were applied with Seedspray, Block-sodding methods, and so on. The third stage from late 1980s to the present : during this period eco-landscaping was introduced and began to mix with ecosystem techniques. The revegetation works of cutting-rock slopes have widely been developed. Many people think that landscaping is necessary for us, and that revegetation method is effective to conserve slope environment. Based on accumulated data we have to improve the function of landscaping and revegetation method, and also have to establish the method of landscaping harmonized with our own landscape.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.503-512
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• 1995

The present paper describes partial results of the study on the activities of microbes in the soil of Quercus mongolica forest from July, 1994 to April, 1995. To determine the relationship between structure and function of soil microbial ecosystem, the author investigated the seasonal change of physical environmental factors, microbial population and soil enzyme activities. The changes of pH was not significant and the temperature of surface soil was 2℃ higher than lower soil through out the year. Moisture contents (％) of soil samples ranged from 7.64％ to 42.11％. However, soils of site 3 at Mt. Komdan in which vegetation is successional have higher moisture content than the others. The bacterial population increased in summer, but continuously decreased in autumn and winter, and then reincreased again in spring. Bacterial population of surface soil was higher than those of 30 cm depth all the year round. Dehydrogenase activity (DHA) was about two-fold higher throughout in surface soil compared to those of lower soil. And the correlation coefficient between DHA and bacterial population size was 0,713, It was suggested that DHA could be used as a primary index of soil microbial population and activity in soil ecosystem.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.70-78
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• 2003

From the viewpoint of the importance of the division theory based on topography(pyungsu) derived from the uniqueness in topography, not to mention of the function of ridge in ruban areas, the destroy of ridges should be prevented from the development of hill areas. This study intends to propose the basic concepts and principles to protect the ridge axis with green in open space and landscape planning. The main results are summarized as follows : First, eco-bridge across the ridges will be connected for the purpose of ecosystem restoration. Second, the protection and restoration of green ridge axis can be completed by Green Structure Plan which has principles and standards such as. - layout of development axis and establishment of rules on preservation - the practical use of various preservation methods and the standards suitable to the methods - laying down the standards of restoration according to the height from ground level - the application of zoning such as height district and urban design for preservation Finally, the design of implementation tools must be needed for protection and restoration.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.61-80
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• 2020

This study attempted to propose various application and function improvement plans by analyzing robots operated in the libraries. Thus, the types and functions of robots operated by 16 domestic and foreign libraries were examined. Most of them were used for Librarian Assistance (Book Inventory, Book Delivery, Etc.) and User Service (Facility Guide, Search Aids, Etc.). Besides, the introduction of robots in the National Library of Korea (NLK) and their functional limitations were analyzed. As a result, this study presented the need to develop additional functions for the robot, develop quarantine and security robots, the need for a national-level policy for robot diffusion, and build a robot ecosystem.