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http://dx.doi.org/10.4217/OPR.2011.33.1.085

Review and Proposition of Biological Indicators for a New Ecological Grading System of Tidal Flats in Korea  

Yoo, Jae-Won (Korea Institute of Coastal Ecology, Inc.)
Lee, Chang-Gun (Korea Institute of Coastal Ecology, Inc.)
Kho, Byung-Seol (Tidal Flat Research Institute, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute)
Lee, Si-Wan (Korea Institute of Environmental Ecology, Inc.)
Han, Dong-Uk (PGA Wetland Ecology Institute)
Choi, Keun-Hyung (Korea Institute of Coastal Ecology, Inc.)
Kim, Chang-Soo (Korea Institute of Coastal Ecology, Inc.)
Hong, Jae-Sang (Department of Ocean Science, Inha University)
Publication Information
Ocean and Polar Research / v.33, no.1, 2011 , pp. 85-97 More about this Journal
Abstract
The tidal flats of Korea today have reduced by 40% in size compared to 1964. To manage this important habitat properly, development of well-organized and nationwide-applicable grading systems is required. There have been several assessment systems proposed previously in Korea, but they are critically flawed in that selected biological indicators are not adequate and grading criteria are obscure and arbitrary. We reviewed the indicators used in these previous evaluation systems (e.g., diversity indices, quantity and quality of benthic macrofauna, halophytes, water birds, etc.) and subsequently proposed new indicators and an improved grading scheme. For the quantitative assessment of macrobenthic community, biomass reflecting production and ecosystem function is recommended over density, which is much less discriminatory among habitats. Of biodiversity indices used, within-, between-habitat and regional biodiversity indices that accurately reflect sampling efforts are suggested. In addition, we proposed to include species rarity, ecosystem engineers, and the ecological quality index ISEP (Inverse function of Shannon-Wiener Evenness Proportion). As for halophytes, their low spatial coverage on benthic habitat suggests that their presence can be used as an ecological indicator of benthic habitat, regardless of their protective status. We stress the need to introduce 1) quantile approach for quantitative indicators (e.g., diversity, biomass, etc.) in relation to grading, 2) presence-absence approach for spatial or aggregate indicators (e.g., boundaries of halophytes and feeding ground of water birds) and 3) benthic habitat mapping that combines all of these indicators.
Keywords
tidal flat; biological indicators; habitat quality; grading system; habitat mapping;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 5  (Citation Analysis)
Times Cited By SCOPUS : 1
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