• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.56-60
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• 2010

This study was carried out to develop of macro-protocol and the biosafety guide Golden Rice, modified vitamin A at large scale GMO field. Commercialization of genetically modified (GM) plants will be required the assessment of risks associated with the release of GM plants that should include a detailed risk assessment of their impacts in the environment and human health. Prior to GM plant release, applicants should provide the information on GM crops for approval. A total of $4,700m^2$ GM field, each of Golden Rice and 'Nakdong' were used for further analysis on agronomic traits and pathogenesis. Generally plant growth and panicle number in the transgenic lines were lower than in the wild type under field condition. The major agronomic traits such as plant growth, grain quality in Golden Rice were similar than in 'Nakdong'. The yield difference was due to reduced ripened rate and the 1,000 grain weight. The grain shape was similar donor plant, however, color of brown rice was different from segregation. Also the difference of pathogenesis reaction was not significant in the leaf blast and sheath blight between Golden Rice and 'Nakdong'. These results provided the agronomic data and pathogenesis for risk assessment analysis of Golden Rice and suggested that the macro-protocol could be useful to detect GM plants.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.668-674
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• 2012

This study was conducted to find the sexual size dimorphism(SSD) in morphometric characters of three species, Eremias argus, Takydromus amurensis and T. wolteri in lacertid lizard from Korea. Six external traits, snout-vent length, tail length, head length, head width, forelimb length and hind-limb length were focused to compare two sexes among the each three lizards. Student's t-test was used to compare the adult SVL between the sexes for each species. For the other parts of the body, a one-way analysis of covariance(ANCOVA) with SVL as the covariate was used. In all these species, males have longer tail and head than females like general lacertid lizard. In addition, male E. arugus have broader head and longer forelimbs and hind-limbs than conspecific females. Likewise, male T. wolteri have broader head than females. In the three lacertid lizards from Korea, snout-vent length did not significantly differ between the sexes. To understand the causes for SSD in SVL, ecological information, such as the presence/absence of male-male combat and the correlation between the SVL of female and litter size, is required. Therefore, further ecological study on the three species of lacertid lizard from Korea will make it possible to explain the reason SSD is not found in SVL.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.1239-1244
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• 2009

This study was conducted to clarify the genetic relationship between Calanthe discolor, C. sieboldii and variants, and the cause of flower color variations by using a molecular linkage map and a quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis for flower and lip color in Calanthe species native to Korea. Twenty plants were included in three C. discolor and three C. sieboldii, and fourteen variants were obtained from their habitat, Jeju-do in Korea. The flowers of C. discolor were brownish red, the values of Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage (CIE) Lab were between 40 and 50. The flowers of C. sieboldii were yellowish, the values of CIE Lab were between 110 and 130. The variants had various mixed colors that were thought to have originated from natural hybridization between C. discolor and C. sieboldii, and the values of CIE Lab were between 50 and 70. The colors of the lips were usually divided into white and yellow. C. discolor had a white lip, C. sieboldii had a yellow one, and the variants had a white to yellow one. The CIE Lab value of each color was 90 in white and 110 to 120 in yellow lips. A molecular linkage mapping was constructed based on the segregation of 154 RAPD markers using a MAPL program. Sixteen linkage groups containing 66 markers were established. It covered a total map distance of 220.4 cM. The distance between adjacent markers ranged from 0 to 6.6 cM, with an average distance of 3.3 cM. These markers are thought to be closely associated with flower and lip color expression. Among the 16 molecular linkage groups, 3 QTLs had flower color trait loci and 1 QTL had lip color trait loci.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.53 no.10
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• pp.833-843
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• 2020

Ecohydraulics is a newly born discipline in the early 1990s by the interdisciplinary approach combined with aquatic ecology in one discipline and geomorphology, hydrology, and fluid hydrodynamics in another. Major areas of ecohydraulics can be delineated as habitat hydraulics (including environmental flow), vegetation hydraulics, eco-corridor hydraulics, eutrophication hydraulics, and ecological restoration hydraulics. Reviews of relevant international journals and literature reveal that ecohydraulics has remained in the limited areas of fish response, hydraulic modeling, and physical habitat response. It has not reached a truly interdisciplinary stage. Literature reviews in Korea reveal that only 3% of the total number of the papers listed in the Journal of KWRA during the last 24 years is related to ecohydraulics. It is about 20% of the total listed in the Journal of Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure. Most of those related to ecohydraulics in Korea concern vegetation hydraulics, habitat hydraulics, and ecological restoration hydraulics. In contrast, dynamic flow modeling areas, including turbulence, fauna motion simulation, and eutrophication hydraulics, are not found. Areas of further research in ecohydraulics in Korea may be specified as follows: 1) environmental flows adapted to the traits of the rivers in Korea, 2) development of the dynamic floodplain vegetation models (DFVM) to assess the changes from the white river to green river, 3) development of the eutrophication hydraulic model to predict the freshwater algal blooms, and 4) development of the models to evaluate the physical, chemical, and biological impacts of the stream restoration, decommissioning and removal of old weirs or small dams.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.419-428
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• 2013

We identified the diversity, geographical distribution, ecological characteristics of birds, trees, and flowers species designated as local government symbols as a means for understanding public awareness on biodiversity. A total of 114 species including 48 birds, 40 flowers, 36 tree species belonging to 40 orders 59 families 90 genus were designated as natural symbols. Pica pica (L.) in birds, Rhododendron schlippenbachii Maxim. among flowers, have also been designated as symbols. The tree Ginkgo biloba L. was designated with the highest frequency. Local governments located coastal area were selected bird species of the Laridae family and the tree species Camellia japonica L., of Pinaceae as their natural symbols. In contrast, local governments located inland have designated resident bird species such as P. pica and Columba rupestris (Pallas) and flower species from the Ericaceae as natural symbols widely distributed and easily observed throughout South Korea. However, many local governments have designated the same species as a natural symbol based on their size color and public appeal and popularity. The information about the popular species and their ecological traits are useful for establishing the criteria as flagship or iconic species selection and their roles in habitat conservation.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.386-393
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• 1984

This study was carried out to identify the ecological characters easily changeable with the conditions of temperature and day-length and to ascertain the managable means which can optimize the barley plants to secure the maximae yield and early heading under controlled condition. Yield and yield components were greatly varied with temperature. Especially, effective tiller formation and grain filling of sub-tillers were more favorably affected by thermal treatment than those of main tiller. In thermic response, 'Kangbori' was less susceptible than others, while 'Sacheon #6' showed particular susceptability. The varietal differences of photoperiodic response were recognized on all investigated traits and their degree of response were similar to those with temperature. Among varieties, 'Kangbori' was comparably sensitive on several characters while 'Sacheon #6' displaying low light-sensitivity. The turning point at which heading might be radically stimulated was estimated as about 10.5 hour day-length in 3 tested varieties and above 18 hours of irradiance was considered ineffective for more rapid heading. The condition under which barley varieties may obtain maximal yield and resonably early heading was 15$^{\circ}C$ in temperature and 12 to 15 hours of day-length, regardless of varieties. of day-length, regardless of varieties.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.1
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• pp.147-151
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• 2014

This study was conducted to clarify the characteristics of amphibian and reptile (herpetofauna) populations in a coniferous plantation and a deciduous forest from July to September 2013 in national forest, Hongcheon, Gangwon province, Korea. Coverage of understory, mid-story and overstory were more developed in a deciduous forest. We used line transect sampling method on a total of 4 transect lines, 2 lines in each forest type. Fifty two individuals of 4 amphibian species and 11 individuals of 3 reptile species were recorded. Mean observed number of herpetofauna species, individuals and species diversity index (H') were not significantly different between coniferous plantation and deciduous forest. This result related to ecological characteristics of herpetofauna. Habitats of herpetofauna were influenced on not only vertical structure of forests, but also climatic variables, thermoregulation and prey availability. The long-term monitoring and research on habitat preference and seasonal ecological traits of herpetofauna would be needed for conservation and management of herpetofauna in forest areas.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.437-445
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• 2017

An analysis of recent studies and a field survey were conducted to investigate the distribution of the exotic species Ophraella communa LeSage (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) and the results' applicability for biological control against ragweed, which disturbs the island's ecosystem. The ragweed beetle (O. communa) can be found anywhere on the host plant Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., which grows in Jeju Island. Moreover, ragweed beetles possess the following characteristics: a high host plant specificity, a high-temperature resistance, an excellent mobility, and multivoltinism. Ragweed is extensively distributed and gradually expands its habitat further on Jeju Island. For this reason, it is recommended to take advantage of O. communa for the biological control of ragweed instead of pesticides or direct removal, considering that Jeju is endowed with many natural reserves and unique insular traits.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.187-196
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• 2010

A total of 10 islands (Kumodo and Komundo in Yeosu City; Oinarodo in Goheung County; Chongsando, Soando, and Pogildo in Wando County; Chodo in Jindo County; Uido, Huksando, and Hongdo in Shinan County) were surveyed to confirm distribution of naturalized plants from June 2006 to December 2008. A total of 100 naturalized plants taxa from 25 families were recorded. The highest number of naturalized plant species (82 taxa) was recorded on Oinarodo, while the lowest number was recorded on Hongdo (42 taxa) and on Uido (34 taxa). A total of 26 naturalized species taxa (such as Dactylis glomerata, Lolium perenne, Bromus unioloides, Rumex obtusifolius, Chenopodium album, Phytolacca americana, Barbarea vulgaris, Lepidium apetalum, Robinia pseudo-acacia, Trifolium repens, Erigeron annuus, Erigeron canadensis, Senecio vulgaris, Xanthium strumarium) was recorded in all study areas. Distribution of naturalized plants were categorized into 7 habitat types based on ecological traits: afforested land, beach, port, and vacant land, road boundary, road cut and slope area, waste arable land, landfill area, and wetland. Systematic management is required to conserve unique landscape, species diversity, vegetation and ecosystem of Dadohae National Park. In order to manage the naturalized plants in Dadohae National Park, basic surveys are most needed to understand distribution and dispersal of naturalized plants communities based on ecological features of each habitat type.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.218-224
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• 2021

This study was conducted to determine the mass-loss rates and the changes in carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio of dead woods, which were of following species: Dryobalanops aromatic, D. rappa, and Cratoxylum arborescens. These were dominant tree species in mixed Dipterocarp forests (MDF) and peat swamp forests (PSF) in Brunei Darussalam. In May, 2019, 48 dead wood samples (15 cm×4.8 cm×5 cm) were placed in MDF and PSF sites, and all the samples were collected after 16 months. The effects of species on mass loss were statistically significant (p<0.05); however, no difference was observed in the mass loss obtained from the two forest types (p>0.05). The initial density (g·cm^-3) of the dead woods D. aromatic, D. rappa, and C. arborescens, was 0.64±0.02, 0.60±0.00, and 0.44±0.01, respectively. Also the annual mass loss rate (%) was estimated to be 6.37, 8.17, and 18.53 for D. aromatic, D. rappa, and C. arborescens, respectively. The proportion of dead woods in decay class III was only 25% of C. arborescens samples, which were attacked by wood-feeding invertebrates, such as termites. The C/N ratio decreased significantly in D. aromatic and D. rappa, but the decreasing trend of C/N ratio was not statistically significant in C. arborescens. The results indicate that physical traits of dead woods, such as density, could be one of the main factors causing the decomposition of dead woods initially, as invertebrates such as termites are one of the key decomposers of dead wood in tropical rainforests. In the samples of C. arborescens, which was attacked by invertebrates, nitrogen immobilization occurred to lesser extent as compared to that observed in D. aromatic and D. rappa.