• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.92-100
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to develop a method to spread out the ecological ponds in urban areas more effectively. It is urgent to supply the ecological ponds in more broad scope to ensure the water space in urban areas which has been dried out. It is necessary to formulate a plan for improving the amenity in the cities through creation a biotop in swampy land by building rainfall ponds. Thus, a model of the ecological pond in this study has been developed by reviewing the related researches which provide the theoretical basis and by considering the characteristics of nature for a naturally approached pond. This study has produced a ecological pond model in order to introduce and spread out damp biotop. Ecological aspects have been mainly considered in designing and building the pond model. This model consists of areas for emerged plants and bog plants and has its advantage in providing animals and insects with habitats and shelters. In addition, the model includes areas for emerged plants, which are very effective in purification of the rainfall from the rooftop. After the construction of the pond, the plants were planted according to the plan, and the infiltration trench was installed beside the pond to drain out the overflow of the pond. The result of this research has shown the possibility of supplying the ecological pond in small parks and in schools of the city in an easy way. Through the application of this pond system, the water cycle and the ecosystem in urban areas will be improved.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.11-22
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• 2012

This study aims to investigate and analyze the actual conditions of the ecological ponds built in the campus sites of the elementary, middle and high schools which currently manage ecological ponds in order to find problems and directions for improvement concerning the management of the ponds as a way to build nature-friendly ecological ponds which can be used as an ecological work-study site on school campus: this study also intends to provide systematic and technological directions for the management and operation of the ecological pond. This study has selected 10 schools in North Chungcheong Province, where ponds are constructed, and investigated actual conditions of the ponds based on the survey, analysis, and evaluation standards compatible with the school environments, and finally judged the general relevancy of the ponds. The results of this study make us conclude that the most important issue to be considered in the processes of selection and investigation for school ecological pond is the location of the pond.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.1-16
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to develop design model of ecological park as stormwater storage facilities. The results are as follows : First, the design model of ecological park as stormwater storage facilities consider ecological and landscape characteristics such as high efficiency of land use, function as disaster prevention, ecological water purification, formation of habitat for flora and fauna. Second, this study demonstrates two types of plane structure and eight types of designed section. They can be combined and designed depending on conditions of each site. The facilities of stormwater storage conduct disaster prevention system and ecological park. Retention pond in stormwater storage facilities for ecological park also should be made for ecological restoration in the site. Third, the ecological park provide the basis for ecological network from in-site to out-site. Therefore its conservation and restoration plan consider the ecosystems of the site. Fourth, the most important factor for maintenance and management for retention pond is keeping water quality. Sustainable Structured wetland Biotop system is suggested for ecological water purification system in the retention pond which is one of the constructed wetland system using multi-celled aquatic plant and pond. This system can also provide habitat for animals and plants, water friendly park for men, and beautiful landscape.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the creation techniques of eco-pond, one of biotopes to promote biodiversity in urban residence area. Investigation were classified out plant, mammals, amphibia, reptiles, birds, fishes and insects. The results were summarized as follows: Around the eco-pond shows simple vegetation structurs, consisted of Pinus densoflora S et Z. and Robinia pseudoacacia under competition. In case of shrub, consisted of 4 species but plant growing appearence diversely by seasons. The evaluation of vegetation of eco-pond, there are found 4 species of aquatic plants. Inside the revetment of pond, Echinochloa crus-galli, Persicaria hydropiper, Digiaria sanguinalis, Cyperus microiria and Bidens frondosa L. are mainly distributed. Near the revetment, Trifolium repens L. and Digiaria sanguinalis are prevailed. And in its background, Erigeron canadensis, Erigeron annuus and vines are begins to make their appearances. When evaluation animals in eco-pond and contrast plot, it show simple species and numbers of mammals. It seemed to be resulted from its isolation and outside intervention by users In eco-pond, Pica pica and Streptopelia orientalis are mainly found and in contrast plot of Columba livia, which are so strong adaptation to city life environment. In case of amphibia and reptiles, none is observed in contrast plot, but in ecological pond, Rana nigromaculata and Hyla japonica are constantly observed. In case of insects, more species are found in eco-pond than contrast plot. And in eco-pond, more dragonflies are visibly increased one year after its construction. In floral zone inside of pond revetment, grasshopper and Locusta migratoria are frequently observed. In case of butterflies, they are mainly found in log fence and willow(salix) around eco-pond. In case of fishes inside of eco-pond, the species and its density are remarkable increased one year after the construction. With above evaluation results, we have identify the increase effect of biodiversity after construction of the eco-pond.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.6 s.113
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• pp.51-77
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• 2006

Pond management is a critical part of overall golf course management, both during growth and maintenance modes of turf care. This study investigated 48 ponds in nine 18- or 27-hole golf courses to analyze the environmental characteristics of ponds. The research process had three phases: (1) inventory and analysis of grading plans and drainage plans, (2) field verification and interviews with greenskeepers, and (3) analyses of water quality and statistics. All data were collected from May to August in 2004. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: 1. It is desirable to site a golf course in a small watershed with high watershed eccentricity to control storm water runoff efficiently and to minimize soil erosion during construction. 2. The siting and size of a pond should be determined through a land-use analysis of the watershed for the purpose of ecological management. The bigger the forest-to-golf course ratio, the better the water quality will be. 3. The size and capacity of each individual ponds varied and there were many somewhat longish rather than round ponds. 4. There were many differences among golf courses in naturalness of the ponds, and the correlation between naturalness and area of aquatic plants was very high. 5. Analyses of pond water quality indicated that the degrees of Dissolved Oxygen, Chemical Oxygen Demanded and Suspended Solids were relatively low values but Total Phosphorus and Total Nitrogen were too high. Therefore a systematic approach is needed to solve e problem. Pesticide residues were not detected in all ponds. 6. Water depth and area of hydrophyte should be considered when designing an ecological pond. 7. All ponds used storm water as a main source of water supply and added underground water. Aquatic plants and physical methods such as water aeration and spray fountains were the main choices for maintaining a healthy aquatic environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2002

The effects of floating islands on the changes in phytoplankton community structure were investigated in a small artificial pond. The floating islands planted with various emergent macrophytes covered 35% of total water surface area of the pond. Total 17 genera and 25 species of phytoplankton were found in the pond, of which Dinophyceae was 1 genera and 1 species, Cyanophyceae 1 genera and 1 species, Bacillariophyceae 6 genera and 8 species, and Chlorophyceae 9 genera and 15 species. Dominant phytoplanktons under floating islands were changed from Aphanizomenon sp. as a Cyanophyceae to Golenkinia radiata, Kirchneriella contorta and Micractinium pusillum as a Chlorophyceae for 56 days after the construction of floating islands on July 24, 2001. The changes of dominant phytoplanktons of the control without floating islands were similar to those under floating islands in July and August, but Aphanizomenon sp. was rapidly increased in the control sites in September. About 99% of the cell number of Aphanizomenon sp. was disappeared for a month after construction of floating islands. Species diversity of phytoplankton under the floating islands of Iris pseudoacorus was higher than those of other macrophytes as well as the control without floating islands. The cell numbers of Cyanophyceae and Chlorophyceae were fewer under the floating islands of I. pseudoacorus than those of other macrophytes. Our results showed that the floating islands could be a useful eco-technique for the control of water bloom by Cyanophyceae and Chlorophyceae in a pond ecosystem.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.357-361
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• 2007

To determine the feeding sites preferred by adult gold-spotted pond frogs, Rana plancyi chosenica, and the foods that induce favorable growth of the frogs in the laboratory, we conducted two separate experiments between 27 May and 12 July 2007 in a vivarium. In the first experiment, we counted the number of crickets eaten by four gold-spotted pond frogs in a 60 min period at four different feeding sites within the experimental arenas: on the water surface, at the edge of a pond, and at two terrestrial sites. Adult gold-spotted pond frogs ate more crickets on the water surface and at the edge of the pond than the terrestrial sites. In the second experiment, we measured the growth of SVL (snout-vent length) and body mass of adult gold-spotted pond frogs fed crickets, mealworms, maggots, or earthworms in individual experimental boxes over a one month period. The SVL and body mass of the adult gold-spotted pond frogs fed crickets, mealworms, or maggots were greater than those of the frogs that were fed earthworms. These results indicate that providing crickets, mealworms, or maggots on the water or at the edge of a pond should induce favorable growth of captive-reared adult gold-spotted pond frogs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.59-66
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• 2017

Preeminent water treatment plans are essential to preserve the water quality of aquatic biotopes. Previous studies have not been sufficient to provide cost-effective maintenance method since they focused only on the purification of deteriorated water that requires a continuous supply of clean water. This study proposes an economical method of water quality maintenance using water treatment media block constructed vertically using porous ceramics, zeolite, and river pebble. The water treatment media block does not require a separate purification area because it functions as a purifier within the ecological pond which can maximize the biotope area. To evaluate the performance of the water treatment media block, we longitudinally tracked the change of water quality indicators (pH, TDS, COND, DO, T-P, T-N, COD) suggested by Water Environment Standards, Ministry of Environment, Republic of Korea. We compared the water quality of one control (A: general ecological pond composition method of the laminated structure) and two experimental groups (B: a combination of aquatic plants and a water treatment media block, C: a water treatment media block only). As a result, we confirmed that the water treatment media block is an efficient and economical method to maintaining the water quality of the ecological pond for a long time. The water treatment media block will be a great help in providing a better aquatic biotope space for aquatic insects and fishes living in clear water.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.145-159
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• 2010

A Sustainable Structured wetland Biotop (SSB) system was planned, designed, and finally constructed, and maintained in the An-teo Reservoir ecological park, which is the habitat of the endangered Gold-spotted Pond Frog. The system purifies polluted water of An-teo Reservoir which flows from up to bottom within the system. Water was sampled once a month at the inlet and at the outlet from December, 2009 to August, 2010. BOD5, SS, T-N and T-P were analyzed. Average influent and effluent BOD5 concentration was 2.9 and 1.0 mg/L, respectively, and BOD5 removal was 67%. SS concentration of influent and effluent averaged 18.1 mg/L and 2.5 mg/L, respectively, and SS abatement amounted to 86%. Average influent and effluent T-N concentration was 0.426 mg/L and 0.147 mg/L, respectively, and T-N retention was 66%. T-P concentration of influent and effluent averaged 0.071 mg/L and 0.022 mg/L, respectively, and T-P removal amounted to 68%. Plant and frog species of the system were monitored during the period. Amphibia and reptiles provided 7 species and 4 families including the Endangered Gold-Spotted Pond Frog (Rana chosenica ) which also lives in the system. Twenty-six plant species were naturally introduced into the system, however, they didn't make up a significant portion of the plant populations compared with the planted species. The endangered plants, Bladderwort (Utricularia vulgaris var. japonica ) and Euryale ferox were observed in An-teo Reservoir as well as in the system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.52-61
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• 2003

This study was carried out to analyze the effects of stormwater retention and infiltration pond on reduction of flood peak and volume in a experimentally developed ecological pond. The experimental site has 542$m^2$ watershed area, 1,310mm yearly-averaged rainfall. And the area of the retention pond is 60$m^2$, the maximum water depth is 0.5m, the maximum and average storage is 15$m^3$and 9.3$m^3$d. And the area of infiltration pond is 58$m^2$, and the water depth varies 0.2m~0.5m. The monitoring system consists of one rainfall gage, one Parshall flume and acoustic water level gage, two rectangular weirs and acoustic water level gage for discharge gaging, and one data recording unit. Data from ten storm events in total, three storm events in year 2000 and seven storm events in year 2001, were collected. From the data the evaporation rate was achieved with the water balance equation, and the result shows 5.0mm/day in average. The result from the analysis of the effects on reduction of flood peak and volume, is that 14% reduction of flood volume and 15% reduction of flood peak in retention pond and 49% reduction of flood volume in infiltration pond.