• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.471-485
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• 2018

The Republic of Korea (ROK) has made many efforts to reduce greenhouse gases through a legal framework, making obligations to reach domestic and overseas targets via the Paris Convention in 2015. China recently launched a nation-wide emission trading system (ETS) and has considered extending this ETS to include the ROK. This study examines the possibility of linking the ETS between ROK and China by considering the institutional design elements of the ETS. Additionally, this study provides policy implications to reach Korea's overseas reduction target. For the research methodology, the design elements of both the ROK and China policies were analyzed by categorizing their standard design elements based on the International Carbon Action Partnership. This paper focuses on four main barriers (cap type, borrowing, offset and price ceiling) based on their environmental benefits and analyzes the challenges to combining the design elements between the ROK and China systems. The two ETS commonly share the same cap types, and there is similar institutional progress regarding the offset and price ceiling. In addition to this, note that China has a borrowing system that is opposite to the borrowing system in ROK. According to these findings, there are major challenges to linking the ROK and China systems due to differences in the major design elements. Thus, it is necessary to modify the Korean domestic borrowing system and understand the Chinese institutional processes related to environmental negotiation to achieve further cooperation.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.86-94
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine the importance of eco-friendly design elements related to residential space by residents and what element they prefer. To achieve this, 18 eco-friendly design elements related to residential space were selected from the Green Building Certification Criteria and the relevant research papers. These elements were categorized into four areas; the ecological environment area (4 elements), the indoor environmental climate one (4 elements), the energy and resource saving one (6 ones), and the material one(4 ones). On the base of these 18 elements, the importance degree of each element was examined by using 5-point Likert scale. The subjects were 299 housewives living in apartment houses in Jangyu new town, Gimhae. The subjects perceived strongly the importance of eco-friendly design elements, but many of them did not know about Green Building Certification Criteria. Overall importance of 18 elements by the residents was very high. Also, the indoor environmental climate area was considered as the most important one, followed by the energy and resource saving area, the material area, and the ecological environment one.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.5 s.112
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• pp.114-122
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• 2005

Anyang city performed a design competition for the existing paper mill site and this design is the work that was submitted to that competition. The design instructions for the competition were about an organic site which had harmony of aboveground park and underground parking lot, establishment of park planning which is fit for the features of nearby areas, and security of proper parking space. This design criteria set the design concept to a new wave of Anyang by reflecting the design instructions of prize contest and features of the site and developed it as three waves. First, the eco wave, one of three waves, means that it compose the ecological healthy park and urban environment together with restoration and preservation of Suamcheon (stream), and futhermore the waves that the natural resource are maintained in a delicate ecological balance as the water resource of Anyang city are connected to the axis of mountain resource. Secondly, the emotion wave indicates that the wave toward culture and art emotional park that stimulates and fills up the emotion to makes impoverishing modems minds fertile. Thirdly, the health wave means the waves toward a park to keep the sound of minds and bodies of Anyang citizens, and healthy and sound life as well as the waves toward a park to contribute the healthy leap and development of Anyang. These three waves will enrich the park keeping the dynamic relationship mutually and will be a new culture and art code of Anyang city.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.1 s.114
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• pp.107-119
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• 2006

The Korea Water Resources Corporation(KOWACO) proposed bidding for an alternative design for Hwabuk Multi-purpose Dam in March of 2004. The site is located in Hakseong-ri, Goro-myeon, Gunwi-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do and has adrainage area of $87.52km^2$. The purpose of this project is to establish an environmentally friendly plan for minimizing the damage that was caused by the construction of the Hwabuk Multi-purpose Dam. The design principle of KOWACO was the restoration of the natural environment, a harmonious landscape, and the creation of a space of regional and local culture. The basic concept of this project involves an ecological-restoration axis and a functional-connection axis. The site is divided into four spaces: (1) the space of memory and symbol, (2) the space of nature and ecology, (3) the space of regional and local culture, and (4) the space of the regional economy. There are four sub-spaces in the space of memory and symbol: the track forest, the time forest, the memory room, and the sun plaza. There are three sub-spaces in the space of nature and ecology: the habitat of aquatic birds, the wind forest, and the eco-corridor. There are five themed parks in the space of regional and local culture: the culture and relic room, the wildflower garden, the ecological pond, the insect observation park, and the pyogo maze. There are three areas in the space of the regional economy: the forest pension, the waterside pension, and the community center, as Dungdungi village was reorganized to serve as a lodging complex. These themed parks, working together, can offer an effective space for nature, culture, rest, and experience.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.220-227
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• 2012

After The Ramsar Convention took place in Korea in 2008, public interest in environment heightened, and the government has been allocating its budget for conserving our environment. Therefore, the present study focuses on eco-friendly spatial images particularly shown in ecological museums in Korea which recognizes the value of the environment and the ecology and tries to both protect them and alert people about it. The purpose of this study is proving what consist of eco-friendly spatial images by analyzing the expressive word of eco-friendly images and the image of space, providing a basic data for future space planning of ecological museums. To do this, the present study proceeds in three steps. First of all, the base of research in analyzing stage is firmly established by grasping general theories and terms regarding spatial image. As a second step, the composition and the characteristics of exhibition is clarified through on-spot investigation to provide comparative data for spatial image assessment in the future. Also through this step, we could understand how the exhibits are designed currently. In the last stage of research, expressive words regarding eco-friendly spatial images are extracted and used to analyze the spatial image of ecological museums. And the following three conclusions is deduced. First, the expressive words of eco-friendly spatial image that are extracted are as following: "healthy", "coexisting", "clean", "blending", "warm", "soft", "lively", "pure", "cool", "fresh ", "comfortable", "relaxed", "mild", "free", "harmonious", and "healing". As the second conclusion, color, and material, the formation which is an architectural factor did not have a great impact on forming eco-friendly image, but the color and the material did. The third conclusion was that the display with natural aspects actively utilized increased eco-friendly spatial image.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.89-104
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• 2011

This study was carried out to the development of ecological planting model to make up of coastal windbreak forest on the Suncheon-bay in Sucheon-si, Korea. Make up of coastal windbreak forest in this site was needed for appropriate bioresource, biodiversity and ecological structure, and for conservation of the eco-tour resource and protection of human life and property by the unforeseen disaster from the coast. Based on the plant-social principle, the planting model of windbreak forest was developed to facilitate growth of trees, considering planting locations. The ecological planting model for the coastal windbreak was composed of warm temperate evergreen and windbreak forest which is spreading around the inland area in Korea. The horizontal forest style was composed of forest edge community and inner forest community, and the vertical forest style was composed of upper, middle, low and ground planting class. The target of the present model was quasi-natural forest, and the species of tree were selected based on the adaptability to surroundings depending on a goal to create a forest and forest style. To achieve both functions of wind break forest and visual effect in short period of time, small trees and seedlings were planted with high-density of 40,000/ha in an expectation of easy natural maintenance in the future. The significance of the present study is a suggestion for a guideline to create ecological coastal windbreak forest in the Suncheon-bay in which the harmony of human life and the ecological conservation is of great importance. Also, the ecological coastal windbreak forest model should be developed further through the long term monitoring after construction of forest.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.145-155
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• 2018

Problems and improvement plan in ecological pathways created by Environmental Impact Assessment(EIA) were found based on 504 expost environmental impact survey reports submitted to the National Institute of Ecology in 2016. A total of five improvement plans have been proposed. First, the concept and composition principle of ecological pathways should be unified. Second, Guidelines for consultation on the EIA should be provided for each stage to be applied on-site. Third, if ecological pathway is constructed differently than the consultation, the punishment clauses should be applied to prevent formal composition of ecological pathways. Fourth, We need to prepare measures to strengthen basic research for the installation of ecological pathways. Fifth, We need to strengthen the expost inspection function to compensate for the poorly created of ecological pathways. It is believed that the problems of ecological pathways created by consultation on environmental impact assessment could be corrected in the future. And it is deemed possible to systematically manage ecological pathways.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.69-79
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• 2011

The concept of architectural sustainability is gradually being highlighted in several ills and consciousness of crisis of modern architecture. However, many of us tend to realize its sustainability focusing on ecological sustainability in many ways. Such perspective is considerably technical and extensive. Therefore, I paid attention to Herman Hertzberger's architecture to find out how to consider spatial aspects, when interior architecture designers engage in design process. This study aims to analyze architectural progress for social communication of Herman Hertzberger's project, breaking from the existing research to only limit him to one of structuralism architects. In particular, it was found that in relation to social sustainability, universal/social design, cultural design and green/ecological design have been progressed in their forms through communicational perspectives of social architecture which he's insisted since the structuralism era. Recently, majority of issues about sustainability are restricted to economical aspects. Accordingly, further study is needed to consider his architecture from social aspects. As his architecture is concentrating on coexistence from a social perspective for communication, not on modern spatial discourse, his architectural works need to be analyzed consistently as realistic measurements.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.139-149
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• 2011

This study focuses on design tendencies in office buildings of public institutions after tightening up Korea's building energy performance criteria. Important office design criteria and recommendations pay attention to the issues such as building orientation, greening buildings, building form, space and envelop by intensifying building energy performance related laws, government guidelines and evaluation systems. The design tendencies explored in this research are as follows. Office buildings mainly face south and have various types of indoor and roof green spaces not for ecological reasons but for the rest. Building depth becomes thinner and atria are inserted into office buildings to improve daylighting and natural ventilation. Building cores are located on north or west and east sides acting as buffer spaces to reduce heat loss and to block solar radiation. Office building envelop design includes various creative ideas to control or utilize solar energy as like three dimensional or double structured skin and window size variation to cope with the intensity of solar radiation. Further, solar energy generation systems are integrated with building component such as roofs, sun screens and windows. This study demonstrates that government's reinforcement of the building energy performance criteria drives the change in design methods and approach.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.77-87
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• 2017

In this study, we investigated the physical form of planting foundation of the parks and green spaces in the waterside of Korea and classified them into groups showing common features. It was clssified into 7 kinds of parks and green spaces of 27 waterside parks in Korea including landscape, ecology, art, shields, site boundaries, windbreaks, and soundproofing. As a result, the study was carried out on the detailed type and size estimation through the sampling survey of planting foundation of landscape and ecological type mounding which can be statistically analyzed. Landscape and ecological mounding have the characteristics of securing the ecological stability of the waterside planting areas and the diversity of planting landscape. It is possible to create a green landscape through various terrain changes such as enclosing, focusing, and panoramic view. The physical characteristics of ecological and landscape type mounding can be expressed as height, width, and length And physical data can appear in various forms and sizes depending on the purpose and function of the buffer effect of the land use in the waterside planting areas, the landscape creation, the ecological buffer. In this study, the range of the physical scale for landscape and ecological mounding of waterside parks and green spaces was calculated. The range of the mounding height was analyzed to be less than 1.25m and more than 1.25m and the average height was 0.74~1.08m and 1.75~2.75m respectively. In addition, the range of width of mounding was less than 6.13m, 6.13~17.5m, and more than 17.5m, and the average width of each was 3.45~4.95m, 7.05~10.85m and 31.54~51.54m respectively. The range for the length of mounding was less than 50m, 50~500m, and more than 500m. The mean length of each mounding was 34.0m, 116.3m and 955.8m. It is difficult to distinguish the difference between the waterside planting areas and the urban greenery in the purpose and function of landscape and ecological mounding. However, considering the average distance of 60m from the waterside and the average height of 1.26m, we can conclud that opened planting foundation is prefered to high mounding designs in waterside planting areas. It is expected that the results presented for the improvement of the logical and spatial value of the waterside parks and green areas planting foundation design can be served as the basic data helpful for practical application in landscape architecture planning and design.