• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.168-176
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• 2023

Background: Many insectivorous bats have flexible diets, and the difference in prey item consumption among species is one of the key mechanisms that allows for the avoidance of interspecies competition and promotes coexistence within a microhabitat. In Korea, of the 24 bat species that are known to be distributed, eight insectivorous bats use forest areas as both roosting and foraging sites. Here, we aimed to understand the resource partitioning and coexistence strategies between two bat species, Myotis ikonnikovi and Plecotus ognevi, cohabiting the Mt. Jumbong forests, by comparing the differences in dietary consumption based on habitat utilization. Results: Upon examining their dietary composition using the DNA meta-barcoding approach, we identified 403 prey items (amplicon sequence variants). A greater prey diversity including Lepidoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera, and Ephemeroptera, was detected from M. ikonnikovi, whereas most prey items identified from P. ognevi belonged to Lepidoptera. The diversity index of prey items was higher for M. ikonnikovi (H': 5.67, D: 0.995) than that for P. ognevi (H': 4.31, D: 0.985). Pianka's index value was 0.207, indicating little overlap in the dietary composition of these bat species. Our results suggest that M. ikonnikovi has a wider diet composition than P. ognevi. Conclusions: Based on the dietary analysis results, our results suggests the possibility of differences in foraging site preferences or microhabitat utilization between two bat species cohabiting the Mt. Jumbong. In addition, these differences may represent one of the important mechanism in reducing interspecific competition and enabling coexistence between the two bat species. We expected that our results will be valuable for understanding resource partitioning and the coexistence of bats inhabiting the Korean forests.

• Water Engineering Research
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.259-267
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• 2002

South Africa has developed a policy and law that calls and provides for the equitable and sustainable use of water resources. Sustainable resource use is dependent on effective resource protection. Rivers are the most important freshwater resources in the country, and there is a focus on developing and applying methods to quantify what rivers need in terms of flow and water quality. These quantified and descriptive objectives are then related to specified levels of ecological health in a classification system. This paper provides an overview of an integrated and systematic methodology, where, fer each river, and each river reach, the natural condition and the present ecological condition are described, and a level/class of ecosystem health is selected. The class will define long term management goals. This procedure requires each ecosystem component to be quantified, starting with the abiotic template. A modified flow regime is modelled for each ecosystem health class, and the resultant fluvial geomorphology and hydraulic habitats are described. Then the water chemistry is described, and the water quality changes that are likely to occur as a consequence of altered flows are predicted. Finally, the responses to the stress imposed on the biota (fish, invertebrates and vegetation) by modified flow and water quality are predicted. All of the predicted responses are translated into descriptive and/or quantitative management objectives. The paper concludes with the recognition of active method development, and the enormous challenge of applying the methods, implementing the law, and achieving river protection and sustainable resource-use.

• 농촌계획
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.99-108
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• 2022

This study measured the importance and satisfaction of the values related to 'New Ruralism' using the IPA(Importance-Performance Analysis) technique by the rural leaders' group. In the result, the satisfaction value was evaluated lower in the importance of 'landscape and ecological resource conservation', 'settlement environment', and 'population' related items. On the other hand, the items of 'tourism resource management', 'landscape damage', and 'landscape and ecological resource conservation' showed high satisfaction. Therefore, the leaders' group of Gochang-gun perceived the importance of local tourism image, landscape damage prevention, settlement environment, and rural landscape in 'New Ruralism' management. However, the leaders' group valued lower in the items of population, ecological value and natural and historical tourist sites. This seems to be a characteristic of the leaders' group mainly engaged in agriculture. Through factor analysis, the six items excluded from the analysis were considered important factors in 'New Ruralism' in Gochang-gun through a review of previous studies. Still, the leaders' group of Gochang-gun did not recognize them as important items in the rural resource. However, these items will be able to contribute to the development of 'New Ruralism' in Gochang-gun, and it is necessary to improve the awareness of the leader group. Even if local governments or experts present an ideal goal for rural development, it is difficult to achieve the goals if there is a difference from the perception of residents. Therefore, it is important to understand the perception of 'New Ruralism' of the leaders' group who plays an important role in regional development projects.

• 농촌계획
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.61-72
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• 2007

Natural resource of the island and coastal regions is one of the most important element of ecological network system in Korea. Currently, there is trend that natural and biological resources such as fishing and tidal wetland have been used to local economic activation in island and coastal regions. According to the 5-days work in a week, island and coastal regions become important amenity resource of citizen's recreation area. Korea is peninsula surrounded by maritime. Especially, South and West Sea surrounded by many islands and tidal flat wetlands are emerging marine ecosystem and seascape in the world. Natural resource is limited, so we have to sustain those resource to current tourism. In this study, I would like to suggest that importance of cultural resource as well as natural resource for 'eco-cultural tourism' in order to keep both biological diversity and cultural diversity as amenity resource for future island economic activation in Korea.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.99-116
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• 2002

This study is based on the Ecological Design Theories related with the Village and Architectural planning. The purpose of this study is to propose the Rural Village Design Method in consideration of Ecological Environment. To achieve this purpose, Normative Theory Study which means Logical Analysis of Ecological Theories in the new field of Ecological Village and Architecture Design, is done in accordance with the object of this study. This results derived of this study are as follows: 1. Six(6)-Environmentally Friendly Rural Village Planning Elements related with the purpose of this study, are clarified these are Land-use planning, Transfortation planning, Plants and Water, Living-thing Ecological System planning, Energy and resource planning, Village Culture and amenity planning, and Architectural Material planning. 2. Rural Village Design Method in consideration of Ecological Environment is porposed by means of the Normative theroy study analysis and contents analysis related with Ecological Village and Architecture planning which contain Ecological Planning Elements, and case study.

• Water Engineering Research
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.9-20
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• 2006

The watersheds are functional geographical areas that integrate a variety of environmental and ecological processes and human impacts on landscapes. Geographical assessments using GIS recognize the relationship between interdependence of resources and ecological/environmental components in watersheds. They are useful methodology for viable long term natural resource management. This paper performs through the using hydrological analyses, landscape ecological analyses, remote sensing, and GIS. Indicators are items or measures that represent key components of the small watersheds, and they are developed to be evaluated. Some indicators are described that they represent watershed condition and trend as well as focus on physical, biological and chemical properties of small watershed. Also, ecological functions such as stability, resilience, and sensitivity are inferred from them. The model implemented in GIS allows to reflect the ecological and hydrological functioning of watershed. Methodology from image analysis, landscape ecological analysis, spatial interpolation, and numerical process modeling are integrated within GIS to provide assessment for eco-logical/environmental condition. Results are described from the small watershed of Gwynns Falls in Baltimore County and Baltimore City, Maryland, an area of about 66.5 square miles. The small watershed within Gwynns Falls watershed are subject to a number of land-use. But it is predominantly urban, with significantly lesser amounts of forest and agriculture. The increasing urbanization is ass-coiated with ecological/environmental impacts and citizen conflicts.

• 생태와환경
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.358-365
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 방사선 촬영 기법을 사용하여 국내에 서식하는 무미양서류인 청개구리 (Hyla japonica), 옴개구리(Glandirana rugosa), 참개구리(Pelophylax nigromaculatus), 황소개구리(Lithobates catesbeianus)의 체성분과 골밀도를 분석하였다. 이중 엑스선 촬영 장치(Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry)를 사용하여 체성분과 골밀도를 측정하였으며 암수 간 차이와 종 간 차이를 파악하였다. 또한 방사선 촬영 기법을 사용한 신체 상태 평가 방법의 효용성을 확인하기 위해 무미양서류 4종의 먹이자원 가용성을 파악하고 신체상태와의 관계를 확인하였다. 신체를 구성하는 성분인 골, 지방, 제지방 비율과 골밀도는 암수 간 차이가 없었지만 무미양서류 4종 간 차이는 있었다. 골밀도와 먹이자원 가용성은 황소개구리가 가장 높았으며 청개구리가 가장 낮았다. 옴개구리와 참개구리의 먹이자원 가용성은 차이는 없었다. 골밀도와 먹이자원 가용성은 유의미한 상관관계를 가졌으며 먹이 상태를 나타내는 질소 안정동위원소비는 골밀도에 의해서만 변화하는 것을 확인하였다. 기회적 포식자인 무미양서류의 먹이 상태 혹은 자원 가용성이 체성분은 물론 골밀도에 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 개체의 신체 상태를 나타내는 체성분과 골밀도는 무미양서류에서 서식지의 안정성을 평가하는 생태지표로서 사용이 가능할 것으로 보인다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.131-167
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• 2019

보호지역에서 적절한 보전과 관리를 수행하기 위해서는 기초 정보의 확보는 필수적이다. 뿐만 아니라 각각의 조사결과를 비교하여 평가할 수 있어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 비교 가능한 정보 확보를 위해 7개의 격자를 설정하고 정밀조사를 수행하였다. 총 16회의 조사를 통해 127과 408속 716종 10아종 88변종 16품종 830분류군이 정리되었다. 중점조사지역 6번에서 가장 많은 487분류군이 조사되었고 다음으로는 중점조사지역 4번에서 457분류군이 조사되었다. 환경부 지정 멸종위기야생식물은 6분류군이 조사되었고 관찰종으로 1분류군이 조사되었다. 한국고유종으로는 총 23분류군이 조사되었다. 식물구계학적특정식물은 V등급이 15분류군, IV등급이 27분류군, III등급이 38분류군, II등급이 31분류군 그리고 I등급이 19분류군이 정리되었고 중점조사지역 6번에서 가장 많은 70분류군이 관찰되었다. 귀화식물은 총 58분류군이 조사되었고 중점조사지역 6번에서 가장 많은 35분류군이 조사되었다. 동강유역생태 경관보전지역은 지역적인 규모에서 뿐만 아니라 국가적인 규모에서 식물다양성을 유지하고 보전하는데 있어서 중요성이 높다고 평가되었다.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2010

Ecological villages should be designed not only for simply reducing environmental impact such as energy saving and alternative energy use, resource conservation and circulation, harmony with surrounding environment and nature, but also for encouraging social contact and community activities with the residents, especially the aged people. The aim of this paper is to find the ecological and social design elements for the ecological village planning derived through case studies. The case studies are selected from the environmental Co-housings in Western America, surveyed in the years of 2008 and 2009. The results are as follows; 1. The ecological design elements, although there are some differences in size and type, were found to be basically applied in every ecological villages. 2. The community activities are actively conducted with the participation of the residents based on a variety of programs. The two main purposes of the community activities are strengthening the residents' familiarity with each other and the volunteer services to the local community where they belong.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.11-30
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to verify a Structural Equation Model that constructed the causations among the leisure constraints, leisure. motivation, and leisure participation. This model posits that constraints determine motivation to participation. Concretely, structural and interpersonal leisure constraints(contextual factors) will affect interpersonal leisure constraints in the light of ecological perspective. Also, leisure constraints will affect leisure motivation based on self-determination theory that may influence leisure participation indirectly. A survey questionnaire was administered to 301 elderly in an institution for the elderly. A measurement model and a structural equation model estimates by Maximum Likelihood method(ML method) utilizing LISREL 8.0 ver. The analysis showed that a goodness of fit is good of structural equation model presented in the study. And, all hypothesis adopted about causations among the leisure constraints, leisure motivation, leisure participation.