• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2018

Biodiversity refers to the diversity of organisms originating from all sources, including terrestrial ecosystems, aquatic ecosystems, and complex ecosystems and it is considered to be the standard of the area to be preserved and protected. So The Importance of environmental assessment for biodiversity conservation is increasing and International efforts to quantify biodiversity and to develop indices have been made, but there are insufficient researches on the use of biomass databases and their quantification in Korea. In this study, the biodiversity map was constructed using the 3rd National Ecosystem Survey Mammal Data with three spatial units(Administrative Area, 1:5,000 index map, hexagonal lattice). and the difference of map constructed by spatial unit was suggested to help research on quantification and evaluation of biodiversity in the future. As a result of the study, biodiversity index for the same area varied according to the spatial unit and overall average and standard deviation were different too. Therefore it is necessary to utilize appropriate spatial unit considering the suitability and purpose of quantification rather than using specific unit. It also showed the necessity of establishing a standard for biodiversity index as a result of comparative analysis with ecosystem and nature map. Based on this research, comprehensive efforts should be made for the sustainable development of the country through further research and institutional improvement for quantification and evaluation of biodiversity, set standards.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.13-24
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the applicability of Ecosystem Service Matrix method in Songnisan and Hannamgeumbukjeongmaek Boeun-gun area. The assessment was carried out with 25 land cover types by 7 ecosystem values. The research area was divided by 30m x 30m cell unit and the each cell value was classified into 5 grades. The total number of cell under the investigation was 433,910 units in Songnisan and 84,975 in Boeun-gun. Class I and II area were widely spread and Class V area is narrowly distributed inside of Class III area in Songnisan. I area, II area and separately managed zone belong to Ecological Zoning map and Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map(Environment + Ecology) were assessed Class I in Ecosystem service matrix. In conclusion, Ecosystem Service Matrix assessment based on land cover map is a rapid assessment methodology which reflecting ecosystem functions in a larger area. If it is supported with more ecosystem functions, the more precise nature value can be calculated.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2008

This study review of Compositional Evaluation Items for Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map (ECVAM) in Korea. The ECVAM is composed of legal assessment and environmental/ecological assessment items. ECVAM basically adapts an overlay method for environmental/ecological assessment items. The objective of this study is to suggest supplementary items for the ECVAM with the following process : Overlapping rates of the assessment items in the ECVAM are calculated to understand the grade distribution of the environmental conservation value assessment and to analyze the overlapping rates among the assessment items, as a result it is found that various items are overlapped each other. In order to reflect effectively each assessment item to the ECVAM, Analyzed the overlapping degree among assessment items to be applied to this map. On the concrete we gripped results to be assessed by various items, which were overlapped each other. In order to reflect effectively each assessment item to the environmental conservation value assessment map of national land, we analyzed the overlapping degree on environmental/ecological items, and investigated the grade distribution by field survey. In this study we assessed the ECVAM by 5 kinds of method. Method 1 is Grade 1 areas of each administrative district, Method 2 is Comparing overlapping areas of each assessment items Grade 1, 2 and Permission of each assessment items' duplication, Method 3 is Grade 1, 2 areas by only singular assessment items, Method 4 is Only Grade 1 areas of Method 2 and Method 5 is Only Grade 2 areas of Method 2. As results, Method 1 showed Seoul and other metropolitan cities reveal a high proportion of Grade I regions by the legal assessment items. Kangwon-Do, show a high proportion of Grade I regions by the environmental/ecological assessment item. Method 2 showed 93.4% of diameter Grade II(standard for stability), forest diameter item was accounted for 99.9% by Method 3, Method 4 showed 95.7% of forest diameter and forest density was accounted for 66.4% by Method 5. From now on, this study will contribute to reduce the complexity in the process of manufacturing ECVAM of National Land, and to raise the pliability in the process of managing and updating this map.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.8-16
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• 2024

The integration and management of various national ecological assessments are essential for the benefit of the public. In the Republic of Korea, the Ecological and Natural Map (ENM) serves as a comprehensive platform that synthesizes the results of national ecosystem surveys into a unified system interface. To provide the current status and characteristics of our policy, we analyzed the ENMs and related appeals from 2014 to 2022. Following their implementation, the ENM Guidelines underwent nine revisions, with most of the revisions pertaining to appeals. Nine public announcements were made regarding the ENM, resulting in a gradual expansion of the conservation area. The data also showed a consistent increasing trend in appeals. Most of the 1st-grade areas in the ENM regions where appeals were filed have significantly decreased. The larger area or the smaller population density of an administrative distinct, the more appeals were filed. Our study presents information regarding the current status of the ENM system. The analysis of the operational direction and indicator trends across the 16-year period since the establishment of the system provides valuable insights for similar systems.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제20권10호
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• pp.1213-1220
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• 2011

This study aims at choosing indicators to measure the effect of utilizing biotop map, and analyzing its effect by an indicator from the perspective of performer. The Primary performance indicators are made through specialist survey using SMART. As a result, three indicators are chosen: "Discussion of the period of an environmental effects evaluation(reduced effect)", "Plan and execution of environment and ecology plan in an urban development site", "Minimizing ecological damage in an urban development." The result in each indicator is as follows. The indicator of discussion of the period of an environmental effects evaluation(reduced effect), the average reduction rate in statistically meaningful level reduced 6.08% and 11.64% respectively in 2004-2005. In this period, environment information system was established and the reduction effect is shown in this period by reinforcing environment effect estimation using biotop map. As to the indicator of utilizing biotop map in an urban development site, the Seongnam P site case shows that biotop map was used when they set up an development plan. In case of minimizing ecological damage in an urban development, the Gwangjingu G-dong case shows that it was used to appoint preservation sit, and mediate development restrict area. Accordingly, the biotop map utilizing effect is confirmed through core performance indicators and verification of the indicators using SMART. The further research is encouraged to find evaluate indicators and verify the effect quantitatively to increase the use of biotop map.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.167-177
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• 2015

This study was conducted to establish an inventory and propose conservation strategies for 'village wetlands' in Asan city, Korea, using GIS. As results, the village wetlands are defined as such places as 'palustrine' wetland, village embankment, agricultural reservoir or small reservoirs located in or near the village and related to everyday life or farming. Firstly 807 provisional village wetlands(draft) were identified in Asan by using Arc-GIS 10.1, then 196 wetlands(final) were defined finally as village wetlands and listed the inventory of Asan Village Wetlands after being validated through office works and field survey. The office works analyzed minimum area(greater than $625m^2$), satellite images, the Korea Land Information System, land use map and land coverage map. To evaluate the function and conservation values, the 37 wetlands were selected for detailed surveying and function assessment based on the following criteria : 1) doubled code both wetland and reservoir at digital map, 2) located less than 100m from village and 3) ecologically connected to such ecological resources as seaside mudflats, mountains and green area and ecological passages for small size wildlifes. As the result of the wetland function assessments by the RAM method, 7 wetlands were found to have 'high' wetland function (conservation) 18 wetlands were 'medium' (enhancement) and 12 wetlands were 'low' (restoration or enhancement). Enhancing biodiversity and ecosystem services through ecological management of wetlands in Asan and connecting with the Ecological Natural Degree were proposed.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.62-69
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• 2008

This study was conducted in order to recommend forest-based wildlife protection areas in Chung-nam Province using several basic habitat conditions. The conditions used in this study were the forest patch size with the potential to keep wildlife animals safe, the distance from water sources, and the availability of food for wildlife. The fractal dimension index was also used to find the edge line dynamics, which can influence on habitat conditions for edge species. The natural conservation management indices including a forest map (indicating the level of forest age), a slope map, and an elevation map were used to find the forest patches with enough space for wildlife to live on. Water resources and their buffer areas were considered as factors to protect the space as an ecological corridor. Deciduous trees and trees mixed with deciduous trees and conifers were chosen to provide wildlife animals their food. In total, 525 forest patches were chosen and recommended for the wildlife protection area. Five of these forest patches were recommended as wildlife protection areas managed by the provincial government. The other 520 forest patches were recommended to protect local wildlife animals and be managed by each county or city. These forest patches were located around the Geum-buk and Geum-nam mountains, and the forest patches are important resources as habitats to keep wildlife in the area. An ecological network consists of these separate forest patches with the ecological integration. A fractal dimension index was used to divide forest patches into several categories in order to find how patches are shaped. The forest patches with longer edges or more irregular shapes have a much higher possibility of being inhabited by various types of edge species. Through comparison of the wildlife protection areas recommended in this study to the current wildlife protection areas, we recognized that the current wildlife protection areas need boundary adjustments in order for wildlife animals to survive by themselves with water sources and food.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제110권4호
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• pp.479-495
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• 2021

산림자원의 효율적인 관리를 위해서는 산림입지환경에 대한 종합 데이터베이스의 기반이 되는 산림입지토양도가 필요하다. 국내에서 그동안 1:25,000 산림입지도가 제작되어 사용되어왔으나 높은 정밀도와 개별 목적에 특화된 산림입지정보를 갖춘 대축척 산림입지토양도의 필요성이 대두되었다. 이에 따라 2009년부터 2021년까지 1:5,000 축척의 산림입지토양도 제작사업이 진행되었다. 이와 관련하여 본 논문에서 1:5,000 산림입지토양도 제작 과정과 주요 결과, 활용 방안과 향후 발전 방향을 알아보고자 하였다. 산림입지토양도 제작은 표준매뉴얼에 따라 진행되었으며, 조사 및 분석 결과를 바탕으로 토양형, 토심, 토성별 전국 단위 지도가 작성되었다. 산림입지토양도 자료는 다양한 주제도 제작의 기초가 되며, 산림재해의 방지 및 예측과 환경용량 평가 등에 활용될 수 있다. 그러나 앞으로 산림경영 선진화와 디지털 사회로의 전환에 맞추어 산림입지토양도의 제작 방법을 발전시키고 그 활용방안도 다각화시킬 필요도 있다. 이를 바탕으로 국가 산림기본계획 목표 달성을 위한 다양한 정보 제공, 산림 빅데이터 확보 및 국가 발전 계획에 상응하는 지속가능한 산림경영의 실현 등을 기대할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.61-71
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• 2015

The objectives of this study are to construct an ecoregion map and to extract ecological factors from each ecoregion to adapt FLR (Forest Landscape Restoration) of North Korea. An ecological map was constructed by PCA(Principal Component Analysis) and MGC(Multivatiate Geographical Clustering). An ANOVA test verified the differences among ecoregions, and post-hoc pair wise comparisons were performed to determine similarities between them. Factor analysis was conducted to extract ecoregional characteristics. Ecoregions were distributed into clusters reflecting differences of south and north and of east and west of their ecological factors. About 12% of land area in North Korea shared similar ecological factors with South Korea, but the remaining 88% was found to be ecologically different. The ANOVA test showed a p-value of 0.000, indicating significant differences between the regions. Post-hoc pair wise comparisons indicated statistically significant similarities in annual mean temperature between ecoregion D and G, precipitation seasonality between ecoregion H and O, and precipitation of the warmest quarter between ecoregion K and O. Because ecoregion A and N showed same in their soil water contents, they were assumed that the dense of forest cover in the Southern ecoregion A is similar to that in the Northern ecoregion N of Korean peninsular. Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to accommodate quantitative and spatial based planning, when South Korea aids forest restoration projects in North Korea. In addition, it is recommended for both South and North Korea to share on Forest Landscape Restoration methodologies with each other.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.127-133
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• 2015

Interests in ecosystem services have increased and a number of attempts to perform a quantitative valuation on them have been undertaken. To classify the ecosystem types landcover classification maps are generally used. However, some forest types on landcover classification maps have a number of errors. The purpose of this study is to verify the forest types on the landcover map by using a variety of field survey data and to suggest an improved method for forest type classifications. Forest types are compared by overlaying the landcover classification map with the 4th forest type map, and then they are verified by using National Forest Inventory, 3rd National Ecosystem Survey and field survey data. Misclassifications of forest types are found on the forest on the forest type map and farm and other grassland on the landcover map. Some errors of forest types occur at Daegu, Busan and Ulsan metropolitan cities and Gangwon province. The results of accuracy in comprehensive classification show that deciduous forest is 76.1%; coniferous forest is 54.0%; and mixed forest is 22.2%. In order to increase the classification accuracy of forest types a number of remote sensing images during various time periods should be used and the survey period of NFI and the National Forest Inventory and National Ecosystem Survey should be consistent. Also, examining areas with wide forest patch should be prioritized during the field survey in order to decrease any errors.