DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Current status and characteristics of the Ecological and Natural Map in the Republic of Korea

  • Eui-Jeong Ko (Eco-Spatial Information Management and Mapping Team, National Institute of Ecology) ;
  • Hyosun Leem (Eco-Spatial Information Management and Mapping Team, National Institute of Ecology) ;
  • Junghyun Lee (Eco-Spatial Information Management and Mapping Team, National Institute of Ecology) ;
  • Wooseok Oh (Eco-Spatial Information Management and Mapping Team, National Institute of Ecology)
  • Received : 2023.10.24
  • Accepted : 2023.12.08
  • Published : 2024.03.31

Abstract

The integration and management of various national ecological assessments are essential for the benefit of the public. In the Republic of Korea, the Ecological and Natural Map (ENM) serves as a comprehensive platform that synthesizes the results of national ecosystem surveys into a unified system interface. To provide the current status and characteristics of our policy, we analyzed the ENMs and related appeals from 2014 to 2022. Following their implementation, the ENM Guidelines underwent nine revisions, with most of the revisions pertaining to appeals. Nine public announcements were made regarding the ENM, resulting in a gradual expansion of the conservation area. The data also showed a consistent increasing trend in appeals. Most of the 1st-grade areas in the ENM regions where appeals were filed have significantly decreased. The larger area or the smaller population density of an administrative distinct, the more appeals were filed. Our study presents information regarding the current status of the ENM system. The analysis of the operational direction and indicator trends across the 16-year period since the establishment of the system provides valuable insights for similar systems.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research was based on the statutory researches (Research for Ecosystem and Nature Map and Development of Total GIS-DB on Nature and Environment) reports from 2014 to 2022 by the National Institute of Ecology.

References

  1. Ahn KH, Shin YK, Kim JY, Lee YK, Lim JC, Ha JW, et al. A review on the public appeals of the ecosystem and nature map. J Environ Impact Assess. 2015;24(1):99-109. https://doi.org/10.14249/eia.2015.24.1.99.
  2. Albert C, Galler C, Hermes J, Neuendorf F, von Haaren C, Lovett A. Applying ecosystem services indicators in landscape planning and management: The ES-in-Planning framework. Ecol Indic. 2016;61:100-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.03.029.
  3. Choi CH, Lim CH, Lee SJ, Seo HJ. The impact of anthropogenic land cover change on degradation of grade in ecology and nature map. J Korean Soc Environ Restor Technol. 2019;22(6):77-87. https://doi.org/10.13087/kosert.2019.22.6.77.
  4. Hammer O, Harper DA, Ryan PD. PAST: paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontol Electron. 2001;4(1):9.
  5. Hong S, Do Y, Kim JY, Cowan P, Joo GJ. Conservation activities for the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) in South Korea traced from newspapers during 1962-2010. Biol Conserv. 2017;210:157-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2017.03.010.
  6. Hong S, Kim DK, Do Y, Kim JY, Kim YM, Cowan P, et al. Stream health, topography, and land use influences on the distribution of the Eurasian otter Lutra lutra in the Nakdong River basin, South Korea. Ecol Indic. 2018;88:241-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.01.004.
  7. Jappinen JP, Heliola J. Towards a sustainable and genuinely green economy. The value and social significance of ecosystem services in Finland (TEEB for Finland): synthesis and roadmap. Helsinki: The Finnish Ministry of Environment; 2015.
  8. Jung TJ, Song IB, Lee JS, Lee SJ, Cho KJ, Song KH, et al. The analysis on causes of areas with public appeals to the ecosystem and nature map. J Korean Environ Res Tech. 2017;20(1):25-34. https://doi.org/10.13087/kosert.2017.20.1.25.
  9. Kang DI, Lee JH, Yoon HY, Park HS. Analysis of factors affecting grade changes in ecology and nature map- focusing on Gyeongsangnam-do area. Landsc Geogr. 2023;33(3):14-32. https://doi.org/10.35149/jakpg.2023.33.3.002.
  10. Kim GH, Kong SJ, Kim OS, Son SW, Lee EJ. A strategy on extracting terrestrial protected areas of the Republic of Korea under the convention on biological diversity. J Assoc Korean Geogr. 2017;6:407-23. https://doi.org/10.25202/JAKG.6.3.8.
  11. Kim HG, Hong S, Jeong KS, Kim DK, Joo GJ. Determination of sensitive variables regardless of hydrological alteration in artificial neural network model of chlorophyll a: Case study of Nakdong River. Ecol Model. 2019;398:67-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2019.02.003.
  12. Kim JY, Rastogi G, Do Y, Kim DK, Muduli PR, Samal RN, et al. Trends in a satellite-derived vegetation index and environmental variables in a restored brackish lagoon. Glob Ecol Conserv. 2015;4:614-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2015.10.010.
  13. Ko EJ, Gim JS, Hong S, Jo H, Kim JY, Hirose M, et al. Distribution and growth of non-native bryozoan Pectinatella magnifica (Leidy, 1851) in four large rivers in South Korea. Aquat Invasions. 2019;14(2):384-96. https://doi.org/10.3391/ai.2019.14.2.14.
  14. Ko EJ, Kim DK, Jung ES, Heo YJ, Joo GJ, Kim HW. Comparison of zooplankton community patterns in relation to sediment disturbances by dredging in the Guemho River, Korea. Water. 2020;12(12):3434. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12123434.
  15. La GH, Jeong HG, Kim MC, Joo GJ, Chang KH, Kim HW. Response of diapausing eggs hatching to changes in temperature and the presence of fish kairomones. Hydrobiologia. 2009;635:399-402. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-009-9913-7.
  16. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA). Ecosystems and human well-being: synthesis. Washington, D.C.: Island Press; 2005.
  17. National Geographic Information Institute (NGII). History of the development of Korean cartography. Suwon: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport; 2009.
  18. National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR). 2021-2022 winter waterbird census of Korea. Incheon: National Institute of Biological Resources; 2022.
  19. National Institute of Ecology (NIE). The 5th survey on national environment. Seocheon: National Institute of Ecology; 2019.
  20. National Institute of Ecology (NIE). Development of total GIS-DB on nature and environment. Seocheon: National Institute of Ecology; 2022.
  21. Ouyang Z, Song C, Zheng H, Polasky S, Xiao Y, Bateman IJ, et al. Using gross ecosystem product (GEP) to value nature in decision making. PNAS. 2020;117(25):14593-601. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1911439117.
  22. Pereira HM, Ferrier S, Walters M, Geller GN, Jongman RHG, Scholes RJ, et al. Essential biodiversity variables. Science. 2013;339(6117):277-8. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1229931.
  23. Rho P, Choung HL. Alternatives of the Korean nationwide survey on natural environments to promote biodiversity conservation. J Environ Policy. 2006;5(3):25-56.
  24. Schroter M, Albert C, Marques A, Tobon W, Lavorel S, Maes J, et al. National ecosystem assessments in Europe: a review. BioScience. 2016;66(10):813-28. https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biw101.
  25. UK National Ecosystem Assessment. The UK national ecosystem assessment technical report. Cambridge: UNEP-WCMC; 2011.