• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.11 no.12
• /
• pp.71-81
• /
• 2013

Purpose - This study investigated the effects of consumers' selection criteria for environment-friendly agricultural products on purchase intention and the effects of consumers' attitudes and the reliability of environment-friendly agricultural products on purchase intention by using the theory of planned behavior. Subjective norms of variables of behavioral intention, attitudes toward behavior and control of the behavior were used to create selection criteria, consumers' attitudes and reliability of environment-friendly agricultural products. The study investigated the effects of consumers' selection criteria, attitudes, and reliability of environment-friendly agricultural products on purchase intention constructing models and hypotheses of mediation and moderation between selection criteria for agricultural products and purchase intention by consumers' attitudes and reliability. Research design, data, and methodology - The findings were as follows: first, consumers' selection criteria for environment-friendly agricultural products had a significantly affirmative influence upon purchase intention. Health was the most important factor of selection criteria convenience was more important than quality and familiarity was next. Consumers' attitudes and trust had a significant influence on purchase intention. Second, testing showed that consumers' attitude and trust partially mediated selection criteria: sub-factors and purchase intention were important in selection criteria. Third, testing showed that consumers' attitude and trust had a significant moderation effect between selection criteria and purchase intention. In the test of the moderation effect between sub-factors of selection criteria and purchase intention, consumers' attitude had a significantly positive influence upon health, convenience, and familiarity, and had no significant influence upon quality and purchase intention. Consumers' trust had no significant influence upon health, convenience, and quality. Results - The study provided several theoretical implications: first, an empirical analysis was undertaken with selection criteria for environmental-friendly agricultural products, consumers' attitude, and trust to investigate subjective norms, attitude toward behavior and control of behavior based on the theory of planned behavior. Second, this study investigated both the mediation effect and moderation effect of consumers' subjective norms on attitudes toward behavior, the mediating effects of perceived behavior control and changes of behavioral intention depending upon size and direction of the variables. This study also provided several practical implications. Conclusions - First, consumption of environment-friendly agricultural products did not increase despite rapid increase of production therefore, promotion of consumption and distribution was needed considering the supply and demand of the products. Second, definite standards for selection criteria were suggested to build up consumers' attitude and trust. Consumers' attitude could be improved by factors including the brand of environment-friendly agricultural products, consistent quality, solving physiological problems caused by adverse effects of environmental problems, supplementary approaches, treatment of adverse effects by eating food, and the development and supply of products in accordance with changes of lifestyle. Finally, consumers' demand for sub-factors of selection criteria could be much higher than health, convenience, and quality of the products. Therefore, a process was needed that could continuously check consumers' needs for the products. Limitations were described at the end of the study.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.41 no.5
• /
• pp.68-77
• /
• 2013

Change in the Global Climate causes flood, drought, heavy snow, and rainfall patterns in the Korean Peninsula. A variety of alternatives related to climate change are considered. The foreign researchers are interested in Low Impact Development(LID); the utilization of water resources and eco friendly development, over 10 years ago. The research and development of related technology has been advanced to apply LID techniques in order to develop several projects in the country. However, sharing of technology or system that can be used easily in the private sector is insufficient. The performance of the elements of LID Technology has not been fully agreed. LID elements of this technology are easy to apply to Apartment complex. The elements are classified technology. The infiltration of elements performs the functions of apartment complex landscaping space technology applied to the target. The water cycle simulation(SWMM 5.0) and technology the implementation of the effectiveness is also verified. For this purpose, three different places in apartment complex to target by SWMM5.0 U.S. EPA conducted utilizing simulated rainfall and applying LID techniques before and after the simulated water cycle (infiltration, surface evaporation, and surface runoff) were conducted. The importance of green space in the LID techniques of quantitative and qualitative storm water control as well as the role of Apartment Housing is to promote Amenity. Remember that the physical limitations of apartment complex and smooth water circulation system for the application of LID integrated management techniques should be applied. To this end, landscapes, architecture, civil engineering, environmental experts for technical consilience between the Low Impact Development efforts are required.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
• /
• v.9 no.2 s.32
• /
• pp.115-127
• /
• 2007

Developed countries, especially in road construction and management fields, introduce new road porjects such as National Scenic Byways Program(NSBP program) in USA and the Eco-road project in Japan. This study develops a conceptual model for deploying new road projects in Korea. The four step approach is suggested to create new road projects, including foundation of an act based on the existing Road Act, creation of new road project ideas, development of evaluation process and guidelines, and enhancement of an administrative scheme. To create new road projects, three different ways are devised; (1) designation of national roads having uniqueness in overall spectrum, (2) designation of roads having intrinsic values in a different aspect, (3) designation of single structures of engineering outcomes such as bridges, tunnels, new design techniques, considerable Value Engineering output, and well analyzed Life Cycle Cost Analysis practices. For the evaluation process, NSBP program of USA and/or Sustainable City Award program of Korea would be recommended. An administrative scheme and integrated funding process for the new road projects are also suggested based on evaluation of tasks of each team or division of Korea Ministry of Construction and Transportation.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.44 no.9
• /
• pp.753-763
• /
• 2011

Allocated water storage of dam at the planning and design stage does not seem to be maintained well at the operation stage because of unexpected critical reasons. A dam is likely to be subject to negative effects caused by changes of dam operation conditions and it is hardly avoidable. Therefore, it must be timely improved to recover its original functions and looked for better alternatives to keep its original roles. Specifically the improper management of river condition degrades flood control capability in a dam and river eco-system. The dam downstream river improvement work is needed for normalizing dam functions and its valuations. This study focuses on estimating water use benefits from recovering its own effective storage buffer restricted for flood control. As the results, the water supply and the hydropower benefits in Imha, Daechung and Youngdam Dam are recovered totally by 19.9 million $m^3$/year and 20.8 GWh/year respectively. Also those results are used for the basic information of the economic analysis in the dam downstream river improvement work.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.178-183
• /
• 2011

The consumer awareness concerning coffee beverages has increased in Korea. The objective of this study was to optimize the roasting conditions of coffee bean for consumer's attribute. The optimal roasting conditions for Colombian coffee beans were analyzed by using a central composite design with a quadratic polynomial model by response surface methodology (RSM). The experimental conditions for coffee bean roasting were $194.82^{\circ}C{\sim}250.00^{\circ}C$ and 7.93~22.07 minutes. The responses of sensory attributes. physicochemical and physical properties were analyzed with RSM. The width. length and height of green beans increased when the beans were roasted. The higher degree of roasting gave the higher pH and solid contents but the lower total acidity and total phenolic compounds. In sensory tests, the roasting temperature and time had a significant effect on the flavor score. The optimum roasting condition of Colombian coffee bean predicted for maximizing the length, width, solid contents, total phenolic compounds and flavor score were 20 minutes at $225^{\circ}C$ by RSM.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.36 no.5
• /
• pp.509-515
• /
• 2012

In this study, ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ nanoparticles were synthesized by using coflow hydrogen diffusion flames. The synthesis conditions were varied with using several oxygen concentrations in the oxidizing air. The particle characteristics of the flame-synthesized $Al_2O_3$ nanoparticles were determined by examining the crystalline structure, shape, and specific surface area of the nanoparticles. The measured maximum centerline temperature of the flames ranged from 1507.8 K to 1998.7 K. The morphology and crystal structure of the $Al_2O_3$ nanoparticles were determined from SEM images and XRD analyses, respectively. The particle sizes were calculated from measured BET specific surface areas and ranged from 25 nm to 52 nm. From XRD analyses, it was inferred that a large number of the synthesized nanoparticles were ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ nanoparticles including ${\theta}-Al_2O_3$ nanoparticles.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.43 no.6
• /
• pp.798-803
• /
• 2015

This study was conducted to predict the effect of door opening in wooden cultural heritages (WCHs) on their conservation environment. For this prediction, measured relative humidity (RH) and surface wood moisture content (MC) of inner part of wood columns in open wooden building and neighboring closed wooden building were compared with minimum RH, including the duration of minimum RH, and MC required for spore germination and resultant growth of wood-degrading fungi reported in some literatures. Moisture conditions, namely RH of inside wooden building and MC of wood was unsuitable for decay and sap-stain fungi all the year round; however, moisture conditions during summer season was suitable for spore germination and resultant growth of surface mold fungi, regardless of door opening. When compared, the duration of minimum (75%) or higher RH and the number of wood columns with MC level greater than the minimum MC (15%) during summer season, the surface mold related to the conservation environment of inside wooden building was somewhat better in open building than in closed building. Rather, doors should be opened in closed building for reducing indoor RH as a necessary measure during summer season when outdoor RH is high.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.9-14
• /
• 2020

Four developed patents have applied for a new type of Composite Cyclone Scrubber followed by the previous research (Cho and Kim, 2017), including dust reducing fan with filters. Regarding target installation and maintenance cost, 64% reduction for investment costs (6.2 billion won vs. 17 billion won) compared to existing road pollution reduction system, while social benefit costs increase by 43% compared to existing road pollution reduction measures (72.6 billion won vs. 50.8 billion won). The composition of the device is an air blower type spiral guide vane, and an injection pressure collecting dust efficiency. A nozzle varies Injection angle and contact range, spray liquid species (waterworks, salty water). The proposed patent tests are circulation water Time-by-Time Spray and collected 41.4% more increased micro dust since the sprayed water meets contaminated gas due to the 45° degree colliding, which is 141% increased conventional dust collector. (Ratio of collection over 85%). As regards the source of collection liquid, circulated rainwater and well water, we expect a huge amount of energy and economically saved eco-friendly system in our patent. Finally, the guided vane and metal filter reduced over 90% micro-dust, while sprayed water cleans the vane and filters, resultantly minimizing the maintenance budget. The preliminary evaluations of the developed design make it possible to reduce not only cheaper maintenance budget due to the characteristic water spraying but the cost of water comes from mainly rain and underground.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.31-39
• /
• 2017

The fundamental study for an application of nanobubble as a soil remediation enhancer on heavy metal contaminated soil was carried out. The existence and long-term stability of hydrogen nanobubbles were investigated by particle analysis and zeta-potential analysis. And the removal efficiency of copper using nanobubble water(NBW) and distilled water(DW) were compared and analyzed through a batch desorption test. As a result, it is confirmed that nanobubble which was fabricated by compression-dissolution type generator can exist for more than 14 days. The results of batch test show that copper removal of NBW was higher than that of DW irrespectively to soil type and increased as solid-liquid ratio and contact time increased, respectively. According to the pH change, the removal of copper on sand was higher on the acid side but the removal difference was slightly lower on the clay. It is considered that a high efficiency of NBW in copper removal is due to the large surface area and high zeta-potential of nanobubbles. Therefore, the nanobubble can be applied to soil remediation for heavy-metal contaminated soil as an eco-friendly enhancer.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.29-34
• /
• 2009

For several decades, many researchers have been involved in developing recycling methods for FRP boats. There are four basic classes of recycling covered in the literature. Despite of environmental problems(safety hazards), mechanical recycling of FRP boats, which involves shredding and grinding of the scrap FRP, is one of the simpler and more technically proven methods than incineration, reclamation or chemical ones. Because FRP is made up of reinforced fiber glass, it is very difficult to break into pieces. It also leads to secondary problem in recycling process, such as air pollution and unacceptable shredding noise level. Another serious problem of mechanical FRP recycling is very limited reusable applications for the residue. This study is to propose a new and efficient method which is more wide range applications and environment friendly waste FRP regenerating system. New system is added with the cyclone sorting machine for airborne pollutions and modified cutting system for several glass fiber chips sizes. It also has shown the FRP chip fiber-reinforced concrete and fiber-reinforced secondary concrete applications with the waste FRP boat to be more eligible than existing recycling method.