• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.309-314
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate several aspects of eating out behaviors especially in relation to Chinese food. Self-administrated questionnairs were completed by 556 food-related major college students in Kangwon-do area. The results were as follows: 1. The frequencies of eating out were not significantly different by gender, type of residence, and the amount of spending money per month of the subjects. 2. Korean foods had a tendency to be selected as a first choice of eating out with both family and friends. The subjects preferred Korean foods, Western foods, Chinese foods and Japanese foods in order with their family but flour based foods, western foods and chinese foods in order with their friends. Japanese foods were not selected at all when they ate out with friends. 3. The 80.7% of male subjects and the 58% of female subjects liked Chinese foods. High calorie food was the feeling about Chinese foods for the male subjects and greasy food was for the female subjects. Taste was the most considered factor for choosing Chinese foods. 4. The 80% of subjects answered that Chinese food culture affected that of Korea. The 77% of subjects thought Chinese noodles were settled down to Korea. 5. Using MSG to Chinese foods was recognized as health-concerning factor for 67% of male subjects and 72% of female subjects.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.574-583
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• 2005

To investigate the importance and practice of well-being related dietary life pattern such as purchasing food materials, food habits and eating out, a survey was conducted by questionnaire and 5-point Likert score in Seoul and Gyeonggi-Do, September, 2004 and April, 2005. The responses of 732 housewives who were over 40 years were analyzed by SPSS package program. The results were as follows. Most of them were 40-49 years(74.4%), graduated highschool (66.6%) and their family type was nuclear family type(81.4%). Almost half of them had full-time job (37.1%) and part time job (15.4%). The average importance score of 'food habits', 'purchasing food materials' and 'eating out' were $4.15{\pm}0.91,\;4.06{\pm}0.96\;and\;3.25{\pm}1.01$ respectively. But the average practice score of 'food habits' was greater($3.58{\pm}1.06$) than 'purchasing food materials ($3.19{\pm}1.19$)' and 'eating out($2.54{\pm}1.05$)'. Among 5 types of 'food habits', the type of 'cut down on eating fast food' had the greatest score of importances ($4.31{\pm}0.97$) but the difference between importance and practice was greatest(0.94). Also 'consume home-made food rather than processed or ready to food' showed great scores in importance ($4.28{\pm}0.87$) and practice($3.87{\pm}1.04$). 'Consume fruits and vegetables rather than meats' and 'avoid heavy use of oils' had the importance score of $4.04{\sim}4.19$. But the practice score of 'avoid heavy use of oils' was the lowest($3.39{\pm}0.97$). Among four types of purchasing of food materials, 'purchase domestic agricultural food' was greatest($4.37{\pm}0.78$) and 'don't purchase genetically modified food' 'purchase organic food' and 'purchase whole grain products' were also great ($3.92{\sim}3.99$). But the practice score of 'purchase organic/low chemical foods($2.77{\pm}0.98$)' and 'don't purchase genetically modified food($2.99{\pm}1.41$)' were lowest. 'Go to well being restaurant' in three types of 'eating out' showed greatest in importance($3.35{\pm}0.96$) but the practice score($2.47{\pm}0.10$) was lower than the importance score. Also 'choose menu with comparing calories' had the lower score in practice($2.45{\pm}1.06$) rather than importance score($3.22{\pm}1.03$). In regarding to 'food habits', the importance score were significantly affected by type of food expense (p<0.05) and health status (p<0.05). The importance score of 'purchase food materials' were significantly affected by the type of food expense (p<0.001), type of residence(p<0.05), and self assessment of weight(p<0.05). Monthly income, especially more 400 million won, was the commonly significant effector in practice score of 'purchase food materials' and 'eating out'.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제40권8호
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• pp.753-761
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• 2007

The objective of our study was to evaluate the dietary intakes and eating habit for seniors utilizing ten different social welfare centers in Seoul, Korea. The total number of subjects of this study was 543(male: 199, female: 344) of 60 years of age or older. The survey was performed through personal interview questionnaires from May 3rd to June 1st 2006. After assigning subjects to four categories based on family type, single, couple, joint family, and other, these categories were compared with the estimated total nutrient intakes and eating habit. Validity was assessed by comparison with 24-hour dietary recalls and dietary variety score(DVS). The results showed that senior in single family type was far lower than that of couple family type in terms of frequency of meal per day and intake of snacks. Dietary variety score represented that a single female with social security beneficiary showed the lowest variety score compared with other family type. The lunch meal provided by social welfare center turned out to be the most nutritious diet and had significant proportion of daily intakes in essential nutrients such as protein, iron, vitamin A, and vitamin C. Taken together, the family type was a significant factor and the accompaniment is another effector on dietary pattern in the elderly. We strongly suggest that the current lunch program in welfare center should be expanded to breakfast meal, and furthermore the small commodity program is also needed to provide the elderly with meal for social communication.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제42권10호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate what kinds of foods university students consume, how often they go out eating, and the regularity and amount of their meals. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 600 university student (home with Parents $40.8\%$: house of relatives $5.5\%$: boarding with cooking $43.3\%$: dormitory $10.3\%$). The main results are as follows: PIBW(percent ideal body weight) was under weight($49.2\%$), normal weight($40.7\%$), over weight($6.0\%$) and obese($4.2\%$). Many students had breakfast irregularly(boarding with cooking: $81.2\%$> home with parents: $71.8\%$> dormitory: $54.8\%$> house of relatives: $54.5\%$). Students who had a meal of average size were $32.5\%$(for breakfast), $61.3\%$(for lunch), and $39.5\%$(for dinner). Students who were home with parents and boarding with cooking had more eating for breakfast and lunch than those who were house of relatives and dormitory. Students who were home with parents and dormitory students ate more often milk, milk products, and kimchi than house of relatives and boarding with cooking students. Home with parents, boarding with cooking and dormitory students ate more often meat, milk, bread, fast food, and instant noodles than house of relatives students. Home with parents, house of relatives, and dormitory students ate more often fish, dried anchovy, and vegetables than boarding with cooking students. Dormitory students ate more often snacks, such as alcohol and fruits, than home with parents, house of relatives, and boarding with cooking students.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.638-646
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• 2012

본 연구는 급식유형이 다른 초등학생들의 식행동 및 식이자기효능감과 영양지식과의 관계를 규명하여 급식유형에 따라 아동들의 바람직한 식행동을 형성하기 위한 영양교육자료를 얻기 위하여 수행되었다. 본 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. 급식유형에 따라 차이를 보인 일반적 특성은 부모의 교육정도, 부모의 직업, 출생순위, 형제 수, 월 소득으로 나타났다. 급식유형에 따른 식행동 평균 점수는 도시형, 농어촌형, 도서벽지형 순으로 높게 나타났으나 통계적으로 유의적 차이는 보이지 않았으나 세부 문항별 점수 중 식사 시 영양지식의 활용 여부와 외식 빈도를 묻는 문항은 도시형, 농어촌형, 도서벽지형 순으로 유의성 있게 높게 나타났다. 급식유형에 따른 식이자기효능감 평균점수는 도시형, 농어촌형, 도서벽지형 순으로 높게 나타났으나 통계적으로 급식유형에 따른 유의적 차이를 보이지는 않았다. 식이자기효능감 4개 영역의 전체 점수는 감정적 상태 영역, 음식의 선택 영역, 일반적 습관 영역, 사회적 환경 영역순으로 높게 나타났다. 급식유형에 따른 세부 문항 중 유의적 차이를 나타낸 문항은 일반적인 습관 영역에서 친구들과 속도를 맞추어 천천히 식사할 수 있는지에 대한 문항과 음식의 선택 영역에서는 튀기거나 부친음식 대신 굽거나 찐 음식의 선택에 대한 문항이 농어촌형>도시형>도서벽지형의 순으로 유의적으로 높았다. 사회적 환경 영역은 친구 생일잔치나 명절날 음식의 절제 대한 문항(도시형>농어촌형>도서벽 지형)과 감정적 상태 영역에서는 우울할 때 음식물의 절제에 대한 문항(도서벽지형>도시형>농어촌형)에서 유의적 차이를 나타내었다. 급식유형에 따른 영양지식의 평균점수는 농어촌형, 도시형, 도서벽지형 순으로 높게 나타났으나 통계적으로 유의적 차이는 보이지 않았다. 급식유형에 따른 세부 문항 중 잠자기 전 간식 섭취와 체중증가의 관계를 묻는 문항(도시형 $0.90{\pm}0.31$, 농어촌형 $0.90{\pm}0.31$, 도서벽지형 $0.80{\pm}0.40$)과 비슷한 크기의 식품 간의 열량 비교 문항(농어촌형 $0.72{\pm}0.45$, 도시형 $0.71{\pm}0.45$, 도서벽지형 $0.57{\pm}0.50$)은 급식유형에 따라 유의적 차이를 나타내었다. 급식유형에 따른 식행동, 식이자기효능감, 영양지식의 상관관계는 도시형, 농어촌형에서는 식행동, 식이자기효능감, 영양지식 모두 정의 상관관계를 보였고 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. 도서벽지형에서는 영양지식과 식이자기효능감과 관계(r=0.280), 식행동과 식이자기효능감과의 관계(r=0.510)는 유의적인 정의 상관관계로 나타났으나, 영양지식과 식행동의 관계(r=0.123)는 상관 정도가 유의적 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 식행동의 예측 변인을 확인하기 위해, 식행동과 유의한 관계가 있는 것으로 나타난 식이자기효능감과 영양지식을 독립변수로 단계별로 변수를 투입하여 회귀 분석한 결과 도시형(식이자기효능감, 영양지식)에서는 식이자기효능감과 영양지식이식행동에 영향력을 주는 요인으로 나타났다. 반면에 농어촌형(식이자기효능감)과 도서벽지형(식이자기효능감)에서는 식이자기효능감만이 식행동에 영향을 주는 요인으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 급식유형에 따라서 식행동, 식이자기효능감, 영양지식간의 평균점수는 유의적 차이가 없었으나 세부 항목에서는 급식유형별 차이를 나타내었고, 식행동의 행동 변화에 영향을 줄 수 있는 요인으로 식이자기효능감과 영양지식의 상관관계를 분석하고 다중회귀분석을 실시한 결과 도시형학교에서는 식이자기효능감과 영양지식이 식행동에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 나타난 반면, 농어촌형과 도서벽지형에서는 식이자기효능감만이 식행동에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 나타났다. 영양지식은 도시형에서는 식행동에 영향을 주는 요인으로 나타났으나 농어촌형과 도서벽지형에서는 식행동에 영향을 주는 요인으로 작용하지 않았다. 따라서 초등학교 아동을 대상으로 영양교육프로그램 개발 시에 식이자기효능감을 증진시킬 수 있고 영양지식 및 영양정보의 획득에 중점을 두는 인식주위의 프로그램보다는 실생활에서 실천할 수 있는 구체적 영양교육에 초점을 두어, 지식증대가 아닌 행동변화에 맞추는 영양교육 프로그램의 개발이 필요하다고 생각된다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.317-326
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to investigate several aspects of eating out behavior especially in relation to Korean food. Self-administered questionnairs were completed by 700 adults living Seoul and Kyunggi-do area from June to July 1994. The results were as follows: 1. The 68.4% of subjects ate outside home either frequently or occasionally. Lunch-eat-out was the most frequent and breakfast-eat-out, the least. Male subjects, adults under the age of 50, and students ate out more frequently. 2. The 70.3% of subjects spent less than 5000 won for the expense of eating out. Those under the age of 25 and students considered reasonable the expenditure of less than 3000 won for lunch and less than 5000 won for supper. But older adults and workers and housewives prefered $3000{\sim}5000$ won for lunch and $5000{\sim}15000$ won for supper. 3. Nayngmyun, bibimbap, jajangmyun, pizza, Broiled galbi, and pork cutlet were favorite eat-out dishes. Among Korean foods, bibimbap, Broiled galbi, nayngmyun, bulgogi and galbitang were frequently selected menues. While Korean dishes had a tendency to be selected as a first choice, noodle type dishes and western style fast food were prefered as a second and third choices. 4. Korean food restaurants received highest score in the food taste and familiarity evaluations. They also received good grade in such points as the nutritive value of food, amount of serving portion and the variety of menu. But as for the sanitation and food price, Korean restaurant scored the lower mark in comparison to noodle restaurant and fast food restaurant.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.29-42
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• 1999

This study was performed with 482 subjects(278 boys and 204 girls in Seoul and Kyunggido area) to find out the attitude and eating behaviors about Kimchi on Korean young generation. General characteristics about subject and attitude and eating behavior were surveyed by self-developed questionnaires. 85.9% of the subjects were nuclear family type and 49.9% of respondent's mother had full-time job and 96.1% of subjects were middle or upper economic status. The preference for Kimchi, 60.4% of respondents answered that they liked Kimchi. According to grade, the rate of preference about Kimchi was significantly different, higher grade students were found higher preference on Kimchi : 64.4% of middle and 70.4% of high school students liked Kimchi. The eating patterns of Kimchi, up to 60% of respondents answered they ate Kimchi in every meal time, which suggested that it was still an important side dish in Korean meal among teenagers. The eating behaviors on Kimchi, $85{\sim}90%$ of respondents answered that they preferred Kimchi in meal time. Baechu Kimchi(chinese cabbage Kimchi) and Gakdugi(radish cube Kimchi) was highly preferred. And their preference of food which made from Kimchi (such as Kimchi fried rice, Kimchi stew, Kimchi pancake) was highly evaluated. 65.6% of residents pointed out that 'Kimchi is very nutritious food'. The respondent's structure of value on Kimchi were not significantly difference between sex and age. But it was significantly difference(p<0.01) between the groups with preference and familiarity on Kimchi. The group had higher preference and familiarity on Kimchi agreed to the positive values about Kimchi. These result suggested that various kinds of Kimchi should be developed for young generation to meet their taste and also continuous nutrition education about traditional food especially Kimchi should be promoted at home and school.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.33-43
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• 2003

본 연구는 전남 여수시에 거주하는 가정의 외식상태 및 분식류의 기호도를 조사하기 위하여 전남 여수에 거주하는 주부들을 대상으로 설문조사를 하였으며, 내용은 조사대상자의 일반사항, 가족의 외식빈도 및 종류, 분식류 섭취빈도 및 종류에 대하여 조사하였다. 가정의 월수입은 100만원∼200만원 이하가 50.1%로 가장 많았으며, 가족구성은 부부와 자녀로 구성된 비율이 75.6%로 가장 높았고, 가족 수는 3∼4명이 57%로 가장 높고 주거형태는 아파트가 67.1%, 주택의 소유형태는 자가가 69.9%로 가장 높았다. 가족의 외식횟수는 1개월에 1회가 가장 많았으며, 연령이 낮을수록, 학력이 높을수록 외식횟수가 증가하였고, 외식은 주로 한식이었다. 분식류는 가족이 일주일에 2∼3회가 가장 많았으며, 분식류의 종류는 가격면에서 부담이 없는 라면이 가장 높게 나타났다. 이들 결과로 볼 때 여수지역 가정의 외식종류는 주로 한식으로 빈도는 낮았으며, 분식에 대한 기호도는 예부터 남도지역의 먹거리가 풍부하였기 때문에 면류에 접할 기회가 적었기 때문에 낮은 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.157-164
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• 2022

본 연구는 편의점 도시락을 구매한 경험이 있는 소비자 488명을 대상으로 식생활 라이프스타일을 유형화 한 후 소비자신뢰, 만족도 및 재구매 의도를 분석하고자 하였다. 자료를 처리하기 위해 PASW 18.0 통계 프로그램을 이용하여, 빈도분석, k-평균 군집분석, 교차분석 및 일원분산분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 식생활 라이프스타일은 '외식추구형(11.7%)', '편의추구형(18.3%)', '음식무관심형(15%)', '식생활관심형(55%)' 등 4개의 집단으로 유형화되었다. 둘째, 식생활 라이프스타일 유형별 사회경제적 특성에서는 성별, 연령, 결혼여부, 교육수준, 월평균 가계소득, 월평균 용돈, 직업, 월평균 편의점 도시락 구입횟수, 도시락 구입 시간대 및 1회 평균 도시락 구입비용 등의 모든 변수에서 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 셋째, 소비자신뢰에서는 편의추구형과 식생활관심형이, 만족도와 재구매 의도에서는 식생활관심형이 가장 높게 나타났다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.187-197
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• 2014

Objectives: This study was carried out to determine nutritional status of elderly patients in a long-term care hospital according to meal type and eating ability. Methods: Subjects were 47 female patients aged over 65 ($79.3{\pm}7.1$ years) who resided in a long-term care hospital in Seoul. Thirty seven patients who ate diet orally were grouped according to meal type (27 general diet and 10 soft diet) and eating ability (26 eating by oneself and 11 eaten with help) and 10 were on tube feeding. Nutritional status was determined by food consumption and mid-arm circumference. Results: The mean adequacy ratios (MARs) of 12 nutrients (protein, calcium, phosphorus, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, vitamin $B_6$, niacin, folic acid, vitamin C) were 0.687 for general diet, 0.565 for soft diet, 0.680 for eating by oneself and 0.677 for eaten with help, which were significantly lower than 0.982 for tube feeding (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). The patients on tube feeding had significantly lower % arm circumference compared to those who ate general diet (84.0% vs. 95.4%, respectively, p < 0.05). Nutrients intakes, nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) and index of nutritional quality (INQ) were not different between meal types as well as eating ability. The most insufficiently consumed nutrients by the patients on diet were folic acid, vitamin $B_2$, and calcium (NAR 0.334~0.453, 0.515~ 0.539, and 0.516~0.533, respectively). Conclusions: The results suggested that regardless of meal type or eating ability, the subjects who were on diets in this study might have inadequate intake of folic acid as well as vitamin $B_2$, and calcium, which need to be reflected on menu planning. The measurement of mid-arm circumference presented more risk of malnutrition of patients on tube feeding than those on diets, despite apparently better nutrient consumption.