• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.49-66
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• 2018

Volcano hazard mapping became a focus of scientific inquiry in the 1960s. Dwight Crandell and Don Mullineaux pioneered the geologic history approach with the concept of the past is the key to the future, to hazard mapping. The 1978 publication of the Mount St. Helens hazards assessment and forecast of an eruption in the near future, followed by the large eruption in 1980 demonstrated the utility of volcano hazards assessments and triggered huge growth in this area of volcano science. Numerical models of hazardous processes began to be developed and used for identifying hazardous areas in 1980s and have proliferated since the late 1990s. Model outputs are most useful and accurate when they are constrained by geological knowledge of the volcano. Volcanic Hazard maps can be broadly categorized into those that portray long-term unconditional volcanic hazards-maps showing all areas with some degree of hazard and those that are developed during an unrest or eruption crisis and take into account current monitoring, observation, and forecast information.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.153-167
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• 2024

This study explored the errors and context occurred during high school students' data analysis processes. For the study, 222 data inquiry reports produced by 74 students from 'A' High School were collected and explored the detailed error types in the data analysis processes such as data collection and preprocessing, data representation, and data interpretation. The results of study found that in the data interpretation process, students had a somewhat insufficient understanding of seasonal variations and periodic patterns about weather elements. And, various types of errors were identified in the data representation process, such as basic unit in graphs, legend settings, trend lines. The causes of these errors are the feature of authoring tools, misconceptions related to weather elements, and cognitive biases, etc. Based on the study's results, educational implications for big data education, a significant topic in future science education, were derived. And related follow-up studies were suggested.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.469-479
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• 2001

This study investigated the trends in the number of applicants and mean score and applicants’ responses on the test items of Earth Science in the College Scholastic Ability Test (CSAT) implemented for 3 years (1999-2001). The percentage of applicants of science track were 43.14% in 1995, but reduced through 29.5% in 2001 to 26.92% in 2002 CSAT For elective subject, about 22% of science track students applied to Earth Science II which ranked third to Biology II and Chemistry II. In 1999, test items were developed to have the expected difficulty 40 ${\sim}$ 59% (6 items) to 60 ${\sim}$ 79% (10 items). But in 2001 every 16 items were developed to have difficulty 60 ${\sim}$ 79%, which was caused by the policy of so called ‘easy CSAT’. Thus the mean score of ‘Earth Science II’ was increased from 50.26 in 1999 through 64.47 in 2000, to 67.58 in 2001. Applicants were generally very good at solving test items focusing on process skills only and familar items but poor at solving test items related to the motion of the earth and planets and sea wave, especially items calling two or more concepts. Thus special measures to cope with the decrease in applicants of science track should be provided. And it is recommended to develop test items with wider range of difficulty and to reduce test items calling process skills only. And special consideration should be given to teaching the content area with poor achievement and high actual difficulty compared to the expected.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.173-191
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• 2024

Typhoons are significant meteorological phenomena that cause interactions among the ocean, atmosphere, and land within Earth's system. In particular, wind speed, a key characteristic of typhoons, is influenced by various factors such as central pressure, trajectory, and sea surface temperature. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding based on actual observational data is essential. In the 2015 revised secondary school textbooks, typhoon wind speed is presented through text and illustrations; hence, exploratory activities that promote a deeper understanding of wind speed are necessary. In this study, we developed a data visualization program with a graphical user interface (GUI) to facilitate the understanding of typhoon wind speeds with simple operations during the teaching-learning process. The program utilizes red-green-blue (RGB) image data of Typhoons Mawar, Guchol, and Bolaven -which occurred in 2023- from the Korean geostationary satellite GEO-KOMPSAT-2A (GK-2A) as the input data. The program is designed to calculate typhoon wind speeds by inputting cloud movement coordinates around the typhoon and visualizes the wind speed distribution by inputting parameters such as central pressure, storm radius, and maximum wind speed. The GUI-based program developed in this study can be applied to typhoons observed by GK-2A without errors and enables scientific exploration based on actual observations beyond the limitations of textbooks. This allows students and teachers to collect, process, analyze, and visualize real observational data without needing a paid program or professional coding knowledge. This approach is expected to foster digital literacy, an essential competency for the future.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.551-559
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• 2005

The Q&A service of the official Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI) webpage was installed in 2000 and have been actively used since then. In this paper, we analyze the questions asked through the Q&A service and the number of inquiries with the aid of statistical methods. We also study the contents of the questions. Specifically, we have created statistics of questions and inquiries that go monthly and yearly, and have developed categories to analyze the characteristics of questions in regards to their cognitive aspects. Each question is categorized into two elements based on their recognitive aspect: science knowledge or science study. Each element also has sub-categories that help readers understand the characteristics of the questions. For the analysis, we used a sample consisted of questions from July to December, 2004. Through this study, we achieved a better understanding of the questions asked by the Q&A service. We are planning to improve the quality of the Q&A service by extending the size of the FAQ(frequently asked questions). Throughout this study, we find that the number of questions are increasing with time, and the overall quality of the questions is improving. As we expect the number of people using our Q&A service to increase and the questions to get more difficult to answer, development of improved content is required.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.489-500
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• 2005

The objective of this study is to examine the cognitive process that undergoes a middle student’s conceptual change about the universe by the cognitive conflict, using science history materials as a teaching strategy. Four eighth graders were selected and classified by three cognitive level. Students were interviewed and conducted to an inquiry activities regarding their viewpoint about the universe after each class, and their conceptual change patterns were analysed from pre-test and post-test. This study showed that each student held dissimilar astronomical preconceptions and various misconceptions about celestial motion. Students at the formal operational stage and transitional stage experienced the conceptual change from geocentricism to heliocentricism by instructional model upon the science history materials. Student at the concrete operational stage had either unscientific conception, no conception, or could not have a conceptual change even when being presented with an environment that arouses cognitive conflict ($R^2$: Phase change of Venus and its Rise and set time). They ended up having a cognitive change from geocentricism to heliocentricism by solving another problem ($R^2$: Relation between visible diameter and position of Mars). After the instruction, a conceptual achievement progress was reported with a $10\%$ improvement. Therefore, the instruction model based upon science history was effective on student’s scientific conceptual change.

• 한국지구과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.19-19
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• 2010

현재 과학교육의 목표는 과학적 소양의 함양이며 이를 구현하기 위해서는 교실에서의 과학탐구의 실현을 필수로 하고 있다. 과학자들이 경험하는 과학탐구는 "실질적 과학탐구(ASI)"라고 하여 필수적인 5가지 탐구요소(문제제기, 자료수집, 설명형성, 설명평가, 발표 및 정당화)를 포함하고 있다. 현재 사용하고 있는 지구과학내용의 교과서를 이 ASI 관점으로 분석하여 5가지 탐구요소의 분포도를 분석하고 이를 이용하여 지구과학탐구를 가르치는 초임교사를 대상으로 탐구에 대한 인식 및 교수실천을 같은 ASI관점으로 분석하였다. 탐구요소 2,3,4 에 해당하는 '증거수집', '설명형성' 그리고 '설명평가'는 빈번하게 나타났으나 탐구요소 1에 해당하는 '문제제기'나 5에 해당하는 '발표 및 정당화'의 기회는 나타나지 않았다. 특히 다른 과학(화학)과목 경우에 '증거수집'이 가장 빈번한 것에 비해 지구과학의 경우에는 '설명형성'이 주를 이루는 것은 지구과학탐구의 특징이라 할 수 있겠다. 또한 교과서 탐구기능은 SAPA로 분석한 결과 일반화, 의사소통, 예상, 그래프작성, 자료해석이 주를 이루었다. 과학적 소양을 함양을 위한 실질적인 과학탐구의 실현하기 위해서는 자유탐구와 같은 부차적인 기회를 통해서 경험하지 못한 ASI의 탐구요소의 기회를 학생들에게 부여해야 할 것이다. 또한 이 연구에 참여한 지구과학 초임교사의 과학탐구 인식 및 교수실천 또한 ASI로 분석한 결과 탐구요소 2번째에 치우친 경향을 보여주고 있었다. 실질적인 과학탐구의 실현을 위해서는 교과서에서 강조되는 탐구요소뿐만 아니라 다른 탐구요소를 경험할 수 있는 자유탐구를 개발하여 실용화해야 할 것이며, 관련 초임교사연수를 통해 초임교사들의 과학탐구에 대한 인식 및 교수실천의 반영 및 이들의 새로운 형성이 추진되어야 할 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.39-53
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the way applying a school garden for the creative experience activity on the school learning program. For this study, the 27s elementary students who were the 5th and 6th grades participated in this program. And the 10units lessons programs what were consisted with the inquiry, debating, and cooperating activities were developed, and applying to classroom and school garden. The key concepts of developing program were 'rocks which were in the school garden'. he results are follows, for the creative experience activity on the school teaching/learning program, the school garden has useful value as teaching/learning field. The teaching/learning activity applying the school garden makes an offer the awareness to students that the knowledges learned in school were actually relative with their life. Also, the students are affirmatively participate to learning, debate, and cooperate activities because the school garden is very familiar environment to them. Lastly, the students are interesting in learning classes because they think that the school garden environments will reform actually to new shape of their ideas. After this learning were finishing, most of students indicated their intention with satisfaction. Some of them suggested applying the additional program using the school garden. Consequently, the school garden has the very useful value for applying program of the teaching/learning in elementary school education.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.171-191
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to explore inductively learning effects of virtual field trips(VFTs) programs developed by elementary school students under the theme of minerals and rocks, focusing on learning in virtual geological components. Ten students attending 'H' elementary school in the metropolitan area voluntarily participated. In order to develop a virtual field trips programs, pre-actual outdoor geological field trips were conducted and virtual field trips programs were developed. In this process, written data of students observing, all video recording and voice recording materials of the course in which students participated, VR development data, and post-interview data were collected. Data were inductively analyzed focusing on four areas(cognitive, psychological, geography, and technical components) of learning in virtual geological field trips. As a result, there were positive learning effects for students in four areas. This study revealed that the study participants were not just participants in virtual learning, but rather developed classes for virtual field trips programs, which had significant results in terms of authentic inquiry.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.223-241
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to plan a direction for the connection of the area of inquiry in daily life between infants and young children in Korea based on the analysis of the early learning standards for infants aged 0~2, and young children aged 3~4/5 in 17 different states in America. The problem of the study is as follows: What is the content area of cognitive development, science and mathematics of early learning standards regarding age? The data used in this study was collected from a total of 17 states in America in which 12 states classify infants and young children as aged 0~2 and 3~4/5 respectively and 5 states do not classify the age groups. The results obtained from the analysis of the given issues are as follows. First, in the case of the five states that showed the group aged 0~4/5, the contents related to the area of inquiry in daily life of the early learning standards were included in the mathematics and science and a part of these contents were also included in cognitive developments. In the case of the 12 states that classified the groups aged 0~2 and 3~4/5 respectively, the group aged 0~2 included cognitive developments and the group aged 3~4/5 includes mathematics and science. Second, the contents related to the area of inquiry in daily life of the early learning standards in the five states that showed the single group aged 0~4/5 include the contents in order of scientific idea, biology, physics, and the earth and space. In the 12 states that classify different age groups. Third, in the case of the states that separate age groups, the group aged 0~2 include the contents of number and operation, geometry and space while the group aged 3~4/5 include the contents of number and operations, geometry and space, and measurement. The implications of this study was that it is necessary to take into account the linking between development and characteristics of the subjects.