• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2000.07a
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• pp.253-256
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• 2000

This paper describes a DSP implementation of a real-time 3D sound localization algorithm with the use of a low power embedded DSP. A distinctive feature of this implementation is that the audible frequency band is divided into three, in accordance with the sound reflection and diffraction phenomena through different media from a certain sound source to human ears, and then in each subband a specific implementation procedure of the 3D sound localization is devised so as to operate real-time at a low frequency of 50MHz on a 16bit fixed-point DSP. Thus out DSP implementation can provide a listener with 3D sound effects through a headphone at low cost and low power consumption.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2007.07a
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• pp.415-416
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• 2007

HRTF DB, including the information of the sounds which is arrived to our ears, is generally used to make a 3D sound. But it can decline some three-dimensional effects by the confusion between front and back directions due to the non-individual HRTF depending on each listener. In this paper, we propose a new method to use psychoacoustic theory that reduces the confusion of sound image localization. And we make use of an excitation energy by the sense of hearing. This method is brought HRTF spectrum characteristics into relief to draw out the energy ratio about the bark band and control low frequency band. Informal listening tests show that the proposed method improves the front-back sound localization characteristics much better than the conventional methods.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.73-87
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• 2000

The purpose of this thesis is to make clear the symbolism expressed by the gorgeous costume elements in the portraits of Elizabeth 1. After English paintings in 16th century and the Portraits of Elizabeth I being investigated in view of its characteristics, the symbolism in the costume of the portraits was studied in analysis. The flowers, the pearls and the sieve denoting a pure virgin predominantly appeared, snake for discretion and wisdom, phoenix for eternal youth and renewal, pelican for motherhood, and eyes and ears for almightiness and sound judgement as an utmost power was found. The color was mainly of black or white and sometimes of these two mixtures. The white means a purity and black, eternity and the mixture of them signifies a virtue of purity. This thesis may help people understand the gorgeous costume of Elizabeth 1. not as an external extravagance, but as an internal emblem or signs delivering its specific significance.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.111-118
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• 2015

In this paper, we propose a new tinnitus treatment system that removes the frequency band where the ear noises is generated and amplifies the around frequency bands in order to treat a nonstop buzzing in the ears, that is one among the disease commonly generated in modern people. Mostly the tinnitus is generated by the tunability with the neighboring nerves while the part of the cerebral cortex which is unable to react to the stimuli by the sound of the specific frequency band reacts to other frequency band. Therefore, the excitability activity by the tunability of the cerebral cortex is suppressed and the remedial value is gotten by removing the tinnitus frequency band, and the around frequency bands are amplified to strengthen the remedial value. Experimental results show that the tinnitus can be treated conveniently if the patients use the android application which the proposed technique is applied to.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.469-474
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• 2005

The most recent trend on digital hearing aid is to increase the ratio of signal to noise by directivity or to develop noise reduction algorithm inside DSP IC chip. This paper designed, fabricated and tested a digital hearing aid directivity testing device in which a micro-mouse-1ike the stepping motor with a speaker rotates around an examinant. Both ears of the examinant were fixed with ITE hearing aids in order to response to receiving sound. The experimental results were compared with a boundary element method program for verification. The diameter of the directivity testing device was 2 [m] and the micro-mouse was precisely controlled by PICBASIC micro processor.

• Korean Journal of Audiology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.235-240
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• 2021

Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is a common disorder; however, sequential, bilateral presentation of the disease is rarer than unilateral presentation. Clinical otologists usually focus on treating the side with impaired hearing when patients first present with unilateral SSNHL, and therefore, may not warn patients of the possibility of subsequent hearing impairment in the contralateral ear. Furthermore, it is professionally discouraging when a patient presents with profound, sequential SSNHL after initial treatment. This may adversely impact the doctor-patient relationship, even if the patient is offered the best possible care from their first visit. Herein, we report the case of a patient with profound, idiopathic, bilateral SSNHL with a time interval of 37 days between involvement of both ears. Even though high-dose steroids were administered intraorally and intratympanically, the patient's hearing was not restored, and the patient eventually required bilateral cochlear implant surgery. Our report demonstrates that sequential, profound, bilateral SSNHL may manifest without any specific signs.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.235-240
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• 2021

Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is a common disorder; however, sequential, bilateral presentation of the disease is rarer than unilateral presentation. Clinical otologists usually focus on treating the side with impaired hearing when patients first present with unilateral SSNHL, and therefore, may not warn patients of the possibility of subsequent hearing impairment in the contralateral ear. Furthermore, it is professionally discouraging when a patient presents with profound, sequential SSNHL after initial treatment. This may adversely impact the doctor-patient relationship, even if the patient is offered the best possible care from their first visit. Herein, we report the case of a patient with profound, idiopathic, bilateral SSNHL with a time interval of 37 days between involvement of both ears. Even though high-dose steroids were administered intraorally and intratympanically, the patient's hearing was not restored, and the patient eventually required bilateral cochlear implant surgery. Our report demonstrates that sequential, profound, bilateral SSNHL may manifest without any specific signs.

• Journal of Convergence Korean Medicine
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.17-22
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• 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the anti-atopic properties of Glechoma hederacea var. longituba extracts (GHE) in murine atopic dermatitis model. Methods: BALB/c mouse ear stimulated with oxazolone (OX) for 4 weeks, then 1% GHE was topically applied every two days for 3 weeks to mouse. Ear thickness was measured by a digital thickness gauge. The ears tissues were collected and subjected to hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and toluidine blue (TB) staining. Results: Treatment with GHE successfully alleviated the symptoms of atopic dermatitis, such as erythema, horny substance, and swelling. The infiltration of lymphocytes and mast cells were significantly reduced following GHE treatment. Conclusion: Taken together, our results showed that GHE possessed the potential to be a novel immunomodulatory drug against atopic dermatitis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.8
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• pp.1128-1136
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• 2015

This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol extract from Grateloupia elliptica Holmes (GEHEE) on the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response. Anti-inflammatory effects were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. There were no cytotoxic effects on proliferation of macrophages treated with GEHEE compared to the control. GEHEE remarkably suppressed NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6, tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$, and $interleukin-1{\beta}$) production and reduced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and nuclear $factor-{\kappa}B$ ($NF-{\kappa}B$) proteins in a dose-dependent manner. GEHEE also significantly reduced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). The formation of edema in mouse ears was reduced at the highest dose compared to the control. GEHEE also reduced dermal thickness and mast cell numbers based on histological analysis. These results suggest that GEHEE exerts significant anti-inflammatory activity via inhibition of $NF-{\kappa}B$ and MAPKs activation and may be a potential anti-inflammatory therapeutic material.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.333-338
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• 2013

Purpose: A growing number of studies have been providing evidence for neural connections between the auditory and somatosensory systems that might be a critical part of the mechanisms underlying certain forms of tinnitus. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) movements on tinnitus. Methods: One hundred sixty-three tinnitus patients participated in this study. All patients underwent a thorough audiological examination including pure-tone audiometry, tinnitus handicap inventory, and evaluation of tinnitus loudness, frequency and severity on a visual analog scale. Somatic testing consisting of nine forceful jaw muscle contractions was performed to evaluate the effect of TMJ movements on modulation of tinnitus. Results: 66.9% of patients had unilateral tinnitus. Somatic testing modulated tinnitus loudness in 125 ears (57.6 %) of 217 ears tested. An increase in tinnitus loudness was observed more often than a decrease. Loudness was most commonly increased by opening and clenching jaw. Tinnitus could be induced by opening, clenching and deviating jaw to the left. Conclusion: Our study showed evidence that TMJ movements may aggravate and even evoke tinnitus and somatic testing can be used for evaluating if stimulation of the TMJ induces or aggravates tinnitus.