• Journal of Life Science
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.478-483
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• 2019

The use of fermented soy curd as a functional substance has been actively studied due to the anti-inflammatory and antiallergic activity of soybean protein hydrolyzate by enzymes of lactic acid bacteria. The present study investigated the potential of soy curd as a treatment for atopic dermatitis (AD). Pediococcus inopinatus Y2 (P. inopinatus Y2) lactic acid bacteria were inoculated into soy milk and fermented ($30^{\circ}C$, 24 hr). Changes in body weights, ear thicknesses, IgE concentrations, and weights of immune organs in ICR female mice were quantified. Moderate weight gain occurred in most of the groups. The ear thickness was lowest in the untreated group (no group), and it was allergic and thickened in the phthalic anhydride (PA) treatment group. Based on visual observations, as compared with the skin condition of the PA-induced AD group, the skin condition of the animals in the fermented soy curd (FSC) group was improved. Therefore, FSC by lactic acid bacteria seemed to improve AD. Based on the comparison of the weights of the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes, as well as the results of the IgE analysis, soy milk, in addition to FSC, had a therapeutic effect. However, the antiallergy effects of FSC in terms of AD were far superior to those of soy milk. These results indicated that FSC can be used as a treatment for AD.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.110-117
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• 2017

The anti-inflammatory effect of Sargassum patens C. Agardh ethanol extract (SPEE) was examined based on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response in this study. SPEE treatment was not cytotoxic to macrophages compared to the control. The production of NO was suppressed by SPEE by approximately 28% at $100{\mu}g/ml$, and levels of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$, and $interleukin-1{\beta}$ decreased in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and nuclear $factor-{\kappa}B$ was suppressed by SPEE treatment. In vivo, croton oil-induced mouse ear edema was attenuated by SPEE and the infiltration of mast cells into the tissue decreased. Based on these results, SPEE inhibits the release of LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators, suggesting that SPEE is a potential agent for anti-inflammatory therapies.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.24-36
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• 2007

Purpose: Direct anthropometry is an ideal method for preoperative planning and postoperative evaluation in plastic surgery, but it requires highly skilled specialty. Indirect anthropometry, especially photogrammetry, is an alternative method. In photogrammetry, standardized clinical photography is essential. Photogrammetry-based standardized clinical photography has several advantages over direct anthropometry. It is easier to measure and has less chance to make errors during measurement. Furthermore, it is possible to repeat measurements, and available for follow up study based on permanent custody. But, it is still different from actual measurement, and inherently less accurate than anthropometry. Methods: The authors revised the standardized clinical photography and then, carried out photogrammetry using Photoshop(Adobe, U.S.A.), and compared each data with those of anthropometry. The subjects were 50 males and 50 females, undergraduate medical students in twenties. Standard head position was obtained from the wire, fixed to cephalostat which indicates the Frankfort horizontal plane. All photographs were taken at the same situation such as fixed position of light, subject and camera, etc. Results: Total 96 measurements, based on 40 landmarks, consist of linear measurements, angular measurements and inclinations include 3 measurements in head, 22 in face, 15 in orbit, 28 in nose, 16 in lip and mouth, and 12 in ear. Conclusion: Normal photogrammetric data of face of Korean in twenties was obtained. Reliable photogrammetric measurements, not significantly different from anthropometric measurement statistically, accounted for 44 in 96 measurements(45.8%). Anthropometric values different from those of photogrammetric values were obtained by multiplying coefficient by photogrammetric value.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.203-208
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• 2007

Purpose: Myocutaneous flap was widely used for trochanteric pressure sore but it had many drawbacks such as donor site morbidity, dog-ear deformity and functional muscle sacrifice. We have performed fasciocutaneous flap based on perforating vessels and succeeded in overcoming its drawbacks. Methods: We experienced 11 cases of perforator-based fasciocutaneous flap for the coverage of trochanteric pressure sore in 9 patients, 2 cases of which were bilateral. The ambulatory status of patient group is as follows: 6 of them used a wheelchair, 2 of them are free walking, 1 of them use a wheelchair or crutches. Flap was supplied by cutaneous perforating vessel of descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery and the third perforating artery of the deep femoral artery. The size of wounds were from $4{\times}6.5cm$ to $10{\times}13cm$. Results: We did not find any flap loss or congestion except 2 partial wound dehiscences and 1 wound infection. Donor site morbidity was not found. We observed no recurrence of the pressure sore during the 2.5 year follow-up period. Conclusion: We considered that perforator-based fasciocutaneous flap could overcome the traditional drawbacks of the conventional myocutaneous flap and its modified flap for trochanteric pressure sore. And this flap has many advantages for covering trochanteric pressure sore without any donor site deformity and morbidity, which would greatly improve the aesthetic result.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.387-392
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• 2016

Lower flux leakage designs have become important in the development of microspeakers used in thin and miniaturized mobile phones. We propose four methods to reduce the flux leakage of the magnetic circuit in a microspeaker. Optimization was performed based on the proposed approach by using the response surface method. Electromagnetic analyses were conducted using the finite element method. Experimental results are in good agreement with the simulated results obtained in one degree-of-freedom analysis from 100 to 5 kHz. Both the simulated and experimental results confirm that one of the proposed methods is much more effective in reducing flux leakage than the other methods. In the optimized method, compared with a default approach, the average radial flux density in the air gap decreased only by 5.5%, the maximum flux leakage was reduced by 28.6%, and the acoustic performance at primary resonance decreased by 0.45 dB, which gap is indiscernible to the human ear.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.57-69
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• 2008

Objectives : To review the controlling methods used in RCTs (randomized controlled trials) of auricular acupuncture. Methods : To investigate the controlling methods used in clinical trials of auricular acupuncture, 46 articles were retrieved from PUBMED (from August 1976 to August 2007, with limits: english, clinical trial) using the key words of "ear acupuncture", "auricular acupuncture", "auriculo-medicine", and sorted out according to the types of control treatments. Among them, 10 articles were selected based on STRICTA (Standards for Reporting Intervention in Controlled Trials of Acupuncture), and the controlling methods used in those articles were reviewed. Results : In clinical trials of auricular acupuncture, 'sham acupoints (non-acupoints and non-treatment acupoints included)', 'minimal acupuncture', 'pseudo-intervention', and 'placebo devices' have been used as controlling methods, but their 'inactivity' have been in question. To compensate the disadvantages of 'minimal acupuncture', and 'pseudo-intervention' control, placebo auricular acupuncture needles have been developed, although these needles didn't satisfy the conditions of 'blinding' and 'physical inactivity' simultaneously. Conclusions : Further researches on 'sham acupoints' and new development of 'placebo auricular acupuncture needles' are needed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.1027-1039
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• 1995

Clothing fitness is strongly required in the apparel industry, and draping is an effective tool to increase fitness to the wearers. A more sophisticated and systematic information of the somatotype, accordingly, is necessary for better cress form design. This study was performed to provide fundamental data on middle aged women's upper torso for dress form designers and pattern makers by classifying the somatotype based on each individual's lateral view, and analyzing the characteristics of their somatotype. Data were analyzed by factor analysis, cluster analysis, analysis of variance. Factor analysis was used to 23 items from photometric measurment and cluster analysis was applied for classification of upper torso forms. Through cluster analysis using 5 factor scores, 3 somatotypes were categorized from th lateral view 1) Type I was straight somatotype in which the plumb line passes throught the lobe of the ear, the shoulder joing and the mid abdominal region laterally. This type of woman was slender and shorter than average. 2) Type II was bending somatotype in which the upper portion of upper torso is bent forward. This type of woman was taller and fatter than average. 3) Type III was swayback somatotype in which the upper portion of protruding point on the back is bent forward but the lower portion of protruding point had characteristic of turning over somatotype. This type of woman had storter length on the front and longer lenght on the back, slender type and flat chest.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.720-728
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• 2012

It is important for identification of noise and vibration problem of tire to consider influence of interaction between road and tire. A quantification of road noise is a challenging issue in vehicle NVH due to extremely complicated transfer paths of road noise as well as the difficulty in an experimental identification of input force from tire-road interaction. A noise caused by tire is divided into road noise(structure-borne noise) and pattern noise(air-borne noise). Pattern noise is caused by pattern shape of tire, which has larger than 500 Hz, but road noise is generated by the interactions between a tire and a vehicle body. In this paper, we define the quantitative analysis for road noise caused by interactions between tire and road parameters. For the identification of road noise, the chassis dynamometer that is equipped $10mm{\times}10mm $ square cleat in the semi-anechoic chamber is used, and the tire spindle forces are measured by load cell. The vibro-acoustic transfer function between ear position and wheel center was measured by the vibro-acoustic reciprocity method. In this study three tires with different type of mechanical are used for the experiment work.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.308-315
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• 2010

Essential oil-excluded Artemisia princeps Pamp var Ssajuarissuk (AP) was fermented with Lactobacillus brevis K-1, which was isolated from cabbage Kimchi, and the anti-inflammatory effects of AP and fermented AP (FAP) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response in peritoneal macrophages were investigated. AP and FAP inhibited LPS-induced TNF-$\alpha$, IL-$1{\beta}$, COX-2, iNOS and COX-2 expression, as well as NF-${\kappa}B$ activation. AP and FAP also reduced ear thickness, inflammatory cytokine (TNF-$\alpha$, IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6) expression and NF-${\kappa}B$ activation with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) induced dermatitis in mice. Furthermore, AP and FAP also reduced exudate volume, cell number, protein amount, inflammatory cytokines (TNF-$\alpha$, IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6) expression and NF-${\kappa}B$ activation in carrageenan-induced air pouch inflammation in mice. The inhibitory effects of FAP were more potent than those of non-fermented AP. Based on these findings, we propose that FAP can improve inflammatory diseases, such as dermatitis, by inhibiting the NF-${\kappa}B$ pathway.

• KOMUNHWA
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• 58호
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• pp.3-24
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• 2001

The origin of raw materials of Angdeok-ni earthenwares was reasonably interpreted by the combination of data derived from mineralogical and REE analyses. Geoscientific analysis, including microscope observation, X -ray diffractometry analysis and rare ear