• 에너지공학
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.183-188
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• 2014

Solenoid operated electromagnetic control valve (ECV) using in an external variable displacement swash plate type compressor is widely used for air conditioning control system because of its low energy consumption and high efficient characteristics. ECV controls the entire vehicle air conditioning system by means of a pulse width modulation (PWM) system that supplied from an external controller. Different pressure ports located within ECV has important functions to control the air/refrigerant flow through its internal passages. The flow paths are preciously maintained with acceptable ranges of leakage (gap) between the parts inside it which is followed by effective design and critical dimensioning of its internal features. Therefore, it saves energy losses from the solenoid operation as well as ensures the balance of forces within it. The research paper highlights analysis of the leakages (at different pressure ports) and dimensioning tolerance factors that affects the ECV performance.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.357-365
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• 2006

DHA, one of w-3 fatty acids, modulates cell growth or death though the changes of apoptotic signaling in human endothelial ECV304 cells. We investigated the effects of DHA on the changes of apoptotic signaling in human vascular endothelial ECV304 cells using lipid peroxidation (LPO) metabolites. LPO could be originated by dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid(LA), arachidonic acid(AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). DHA caused cell death of ECV304 cells compared to LA, AA or control as evidenced by changes in cell morphology and MTT assay. LPO levels was significantly elevated by 10 fold in DHA-treated ECV 304 cells and caspase-3 activity was increased by DHA corresponding to increasing incubation times compared to control. One of reasons of the cell death in DHA-treated ECV304 cells could be expected that caspase activity, marker for mitochondrial damages, might be triggered by the increasing LPO levels. Our results strongly indicated that DHA induced LPO production has an important role on apoptotic signaling pathway in ECV304 cells. LPO production in endothelial cells which was metabolized by oxidation of dietary PUFA, might be one of risk factors in the initial progression of atherosclerosis.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.20-24
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• 2006

This study was designed to investigate the protective effect of Sanyakbojungbangam-tang Ethanol Extracts (SB Et-OH) on the cisplatin-induced apoptosis of human endothelial cell line ECV304 cells. After cells were treated with cisplatin, MTT assay was performed for cell viability test. To explore the mechanism of cytotoxicity, we used the several measures of apoptosis to determine whether this processes was involved in cisplatin-induced cell damage in ECV304 cells. Also, cells were treated with SB Et-OH and then, followed by the addition of cisplatin. Cisplatin decreased the viability of ECV304 cells in a dose-dependent manner and increased the caspase-3 enzyme activity ECV304 cells treated cisplatin were revealed as apoptosis characterized by nuclear staining. SB Et-OH protected ECV304 cells from cisplatin-induced nuclear fragmentation and chromatin condensation. Also, SB Et-OH inhibited the activation of caspase-3 pretense and the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in cisplatin-treated ECV304 cells. According to above results, SB Et-OH may protect ECV304 cells from the apoptosis induced by cisplatin.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제52권11호
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• pp.1234-1240
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• 2009

목 적:Enteroviruse (EV)는 영아와 소아에서 가장 흔한 감염의 원인으로 경한 발열성 질환에서 뇌수막염이나 치명적인 심근염까지 다양한 질환을 일으키는 원인이다. 본 연구에서는 국내 중부지역의 EV 유병율에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법:2005년 4월부터 2006년 10월까지 국내 중부지역에서 발열성 질환이나 뇌수막염이 의심되어 입원한 소아에서 얻은 검체를 모아 RT-PCR을 시행하여 EV를 확인하였고, genotype과 phylogenetic 분석을 위해 direct sequencing을 시행하였다. 결 과:뇌척수액과 대변검체에서 PCR을 시행한 305명의 환아 중 51명(16.7%)에서 EV가 양성을 보였다. 그중 다음의 serotype이 44명에서 확인되었다: Echovirus (ECV) 18 (18 cases, 35.2%), Coxsackievirus (CVB) 5 (13 cases, 25.4%), ECV25 (5 cases, 9.8%), ECV9 (4 cases, 7.8%), ECV5 (3 cases, 5.8%), EV74 (1 case, 1.9%). 2005년 6월과 8월 사이에는 ECV18과 CVB5가 가장 많이 검출되었다. 2006년 7월과 8월 사이에는 ECV25가 가장 많이 검출되었다. 결 론:지속적인 enterovirus 감염의 감시가 필요하며 임상적인 의의가 밝혀져야 할 것이다. 특히 EV74가 처음으로 국내에서 발견되었기에 이를 보고하는 바이다.

• 에너지공학
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.394-398
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• 2013

최근들어 자동차에어콘 콤프레셔의 전기마그네트식 콘트롤밸브는 내부형 스워시 프레이트형을 사용하고 있다. 이 시스템은 외부로부터 공급되는 전류량(신호)에 의하여 작동되며 동시에 스워시판 작동에 의한 압력은 냉매가 흐르는 비율에 의하여 결정된다. 본 논문에서는 압축기의 크랭크케이스 압력이 전기마그네트 콘트롤 밸브 전기 흐름량에 따른 유량의 값을 측정하여 엔진의 효율을 향상시키고자 한다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.76-83
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• 2009

Rehmannia Radix Preparata (RRP) used to nourish Eum and enrich blood for consumptive fever, aching, and limpness of the loins and knees, and to replenish essence for tinnitus, premature greying of beard and hair. In the present study, we studied about the protective effect of RRP on hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in human vascular endothelial cells. ECV304 cells were preincubated with RRP (100, 200, 300 and $400{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) for 12hr and then treated with $600{\mu}M$ $H_2O_2$ for 12hr. The protective effects of RRP on $H_2O_2$-induced apoptosis in ECV304 cells was determined by using MTT assay, FDA-PI staining, flow cytometric analysis, caspase-3 activity assay, ROS assay and western blot. The results of this experiment showed that RRP inhibited $H_2O_2$-induced apoptosis and ROS production in ECV304 cells. Moreover, RRP increased ERK activation that decreased in $H_2O_2$-treated ECV304 cells, and inhibited p38 and JNK activation. Furthermore, RRP increased expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in $H_2O_2$-treated ECV304 cells. Also, HO-1 protein expression induced by RRP was reduced by the addition of ERK inhibitor (PD98059) in $H_2O_2$-treated ECV304 cells. These results suggest that protective effect of RRP on $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress in ECV304 cells may be associated with increase of ERK activation and HO-1 protein, and reduction of p38 and JNK activation.

• 대한한방종양학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.177-197
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• 1998

This experimental study was carried out to evaluate the effect of Yipahnsan on angiogenic inhibition mechanism. This study investigates the effects of Yipahnsan on angiogenic inhibition mechanism evaluate cell adhesive inhibition effect, DNA fragmantaion analysis, nuclear condensation assay, FACScan analysis, angiogenic lumen formation assay, immunocytochemistry analysis, RT-PCR for mRNA expression, western blot analysis, confocal analysis for $Ca^{2+}influx$. The results were summarized as follows : 1. The cell adhesive inhibition ability was strongly increased from $5{\mu}g/ml$ on ECV304 cell line and ECVPAR cell line. 2. YY water extract caused $G_0/G_1$ arrest peak to existed on the ECV304 cell line. 3. YY water extract caused inhibition of proliferation and inducement of apoptosis on the collagen coated plate in ECV304 cell line. 4. YY water extract inhibited the lumen formation on the matrigel coated plate in ECV304 cell line. 5. YY water extract inhibited the expressions of LFA-1 and ELAM-1 on ECV304 cell line and ECVPAR cell line. 6. YY water extract inhibited the expressions of MMP-9 and uPA on ECV304 cell line and ECVPAR cell line. 7. YY water extract inhibited the expression of integrin ${\alpha}_v{\beta}_3$ on ECV304 cell line and ECVPAR cell line. 8. YY water extract decreased the change of $Ca^{2+}$ in intracellular on ECV304 cell line and ECVPAR cell line. According to the results, Yipahnsan showed to be a key antagonist of integrin ${\alpha}_v{\beta}_3$, and to be induction of apoptosis by p53 through flow cytometry. This report also demonstrated that expressions of MMP-9 and uPA were blocked under the angiogenesis model. Thus, we suggested that Yipahnsan blocks angiogenesis by inducing apoptosis in ECV304 and ECVPAR cell lines, and another oriental herbal medicine that treats qi-stagnation and blood-stasis type also has angiogenic inhibition effects.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.85-94
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• 2014

Tolerance accumulation has serious effect on the performance of an assembled body. This paper proposes the method which analyzes tolerance accumulation using Monte Carlo Simulation. This method can predict tolerance distribution of fully assembled body using the dimensional tolerance distribution of each part to be assembled. In this analysis, it is assumed that the tolerance of each part has the nominal distribution or uniform distribution. This analysis method is applied to ECV(External Control Valve), and the accumulated tolerance of the fully assembled ECV is obtained from the analysis. The results show that initial tolerance given to each part do not meet the design requirement of ECV. Hence, the tolerances of each part are modified and the additional analysis with the modified tolerances yields the results which satisfy the design requirements of ECV.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.880-889
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• 2021

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the regional amyloid burden and myocardial deformation using T1 mapping and strain values in patients with cardiac amyloidosis (CA) according to late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) patterns. Materials and Methods: Forty patients with CA were divided into 2 groups per LGE pattern, and 15 healthy subjects were enrolled. Global and regional native T1 and T2 mapping, extracellular volume (ECV), and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR)-feature tracking strain values were compared in an intergroup and interregional manner. Results: Of the patients with CA, 32 had diffuse global LGE (group 2), and 8 had focal patchy or no LGE (group 1). Global native T1, T2, and ECV were significantly higher in groups 1 and 2 than in the control group (native T1: 1384.4 ms vs. 1466.8 ms vs. 1230.5 ms; T2: 53.8 ms vs. 54.2 ms vs. 48.9 ms; and ECV: 36.9% vs. 51.4% vs. 26.0%, respectively; all, p < 0.001). Basal ECV (53.7%) was significantly higher than the mid and apical ECVs (50.1% and 50.0%, respectively; p < 0.001) in group 2. Basal and mid peak radial strains (PRSs) and peak circumferential strains (PCSs) were significantly lower than the apical PRS and PCS, respectively (PRS, 15.6% vs. 16.7% vs. 26.9%; and PCS, -9.7% vs. -10.9% vs. -15.0%; all, p < 0.001). Basal ECV and basal strain (2-dimensional PRS) in group 2 showed a significant negative correlation (r = -0.623, p < 0.001). Group 1 showed no regional ECV differences (basal, 37.0%; mid, 35.9%; and apical, 38.3%; p = 0.184). Conclusion: Quantitative T1 mapping parameters such as native T1 and ECV may help diagnose early CA. ECV, in particular, can reflect regional differences in the amyloid deposition in patients with advanced CA, and increased basal ECV is related to decreased basal strain. Therefore, quantitative CMR parameters may help diagnose CA and determine its severity in patients with or without LGE.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.404-407
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• 2007

This study was designed to investigate the protective effect of Bojungbangam-tang Ethanol Extracts (EBJT) on cisplatin and hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity of human endothelial cell line ECV304 cells. After cells were treated with cisplatin and hydrogen peroxide, MTT assay was performed for cell viability test. To explore the mechanism of cytotoxicity, we used the several measures of apoptosis to determine whether this processes was involved in cisplatin and hydrogen peroxide-induced cell damage in ECV304 cells. Also, cells were treated with EBJT and then, followed by the addition of cisplatin or hydrogen peroxide. Cisplatin or hydrogen peroxide decreased the viability of ECV304 cells in a dose-dependent manner. ECV304 cells treated cisplatin or hydrogen peroxide were revealed as apoptosis characterized by nuclear staining. EBJT protected ECV304 cells from cisplatin or hydrogen peroxide-induced nuclear fragmentation and chromatin condensation. Also, EBJT inhibited the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in cisplatin or hydrogen peroxide-treated ECV304 cells. According to above results, EBJT may protect ECV304 cells from the apotosis induced by cisplatin or hydrogen peroxide.