• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.551-558
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• 2013

본 연구는 만병초와 구상나무 추출물의 항알러지 효과에 대해 조사하였다. 비만세포 RBL-2H3에 concanavalin A (Con A)를 처리하여 면역반응을 유도한 후 만병초와 구상나무 추출물을 농도별로 처리하여 real-time PCR을 이용하여 IL-4, IL-13의 mRNA 발현량을 확인하였다. 또한 ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase 분비를 측정하여 탈과립 유도효과를 평가하였다. IL-4의 발현은 만병초 $10^{-7}$, $10^{-5}$, $10^{-3}%$ 농도와 구상나무의 모든 농도에서 유의성 있게 감소하였으며, IL-13의 발현은 만병초와 구상나무 모든 농도에서 유의성 있게 감소되었다. 만병초 추출물과 구상나무 추출물의 $10^{-5}$, $10^{-3}%$ 농도에서는 ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase 분비가 유의성 있게 감소하였다. 이러한 결과를 통해 만병초와 구상나무 추출물이 면역반응 표적유전자의 발현을 감소시키고 면역반응에 의해 유도되는 탈과립유도 효과도 감소시킴을 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 만병초와 구상나무 추출물이 항알러지 효과가 있음을 제시하는 결과이다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제64권1호
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• pp.110-122
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• 2022

The reduction of milk yield caused by heat stress in summer is the main condition restricting the economic benefits of dairy farms. To examine the impact of hyperthermia on bovine mammary epithelial (MAC-T) cells, we incubated the MAC-T cells at thermal-neutral (37℃, CON group) and hyperthermic (42℃, HS group) temperatures for 6 h. Subsequently, the cell viability and apoptotic rate of MAC-T cells, apoptosis-related genes expression, casein and amino acid transporter genes, and the expression of the apoptosis-related proteins were examined. Compared with the CON group, hyperthermia significantly decreased the cell viability (p < 0.05) and elevated the apoptotic rate (p < 0.05) of MAC-T cells. Moreover, the expression of heat shock protein (HSP)70, HSP90B1, Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX), Caspase-9, and Caspase-3 genes was upregulated (p < 0.05). The expression of HSP70 and BAX (pro-apoptotic) proteins was upregulated (p < 0.05) while that of B-cell lymphoma (BCL)2 (antiapoptotic) protein was downregulated (p < 0.05) by hyperthermia. Decreased mRNA expression of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway-related genes, amino acid transporter genes (SLC7A5, SLC38A3, SLC38A2, and SLC38A9), and casein genes (CSNS1, CSN2, and CSN3) was found in the heat stress (HS) group (p < 0.05) in contrast with the CON group. These findings illustrated that hyperthermia promoted cell apoptosis and reduced the transport of amino acids into cells, which inhibited the milk proteins synthesis in MAC-T cells.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제9권3호통권21호
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• pp.23-35
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• 2006

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Asthma-depression and Immunoregulation with PR-HAS(Herbal-acupuncture with Platycodi Radix infusion solution) infection at Joksamni(St36) on ovalbumin-induced asthma in mice. Methods : C57BL/6 mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA(ovalbumin) for 12 weeks(once a week). The experimental group(OVA-PR-HA) was treated with concentrations(1%) of PR-HAS at Joksamni(St36) for the later 8 weeks(3times/week). The second experimental group(OVA-Needle prick) was treated with Needle-Prick at Joksamni(St36) for the later 8 weeks(3times/week). Results : 1. The weight and total cells in the mice lung treated with PR-HA decreased significantly compared with that of control group. 2. Total leukocytes and eosinophils in BALF of the mice group treated with PR-HA decreased remarkably compared with those of control group. 3. The sticking of collagen on histological analysis of lung sections, the mice group treated with PR-HA decreased significantly compared with those of control group. 4. The concentrations of IL-4, IL-5, IgE in BALF, and IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 in serum of the mice group treated with PR-HA decreased significantly compared with those of control group. 5. The number of Gr-1+/CD11b+ and CD11b+ cells in the lungs of the mice group treated with PR-HA decreased significantly compared with that of control group. 6. The numbers of CCR3+ cells, CD4+ cells and CD8+ cells in the lungs, and CD3e+/CD69+ in the lungs of the mice group treated with PA-HA decreased significantly compared with those of control group. 7. The mRNA expression of ${\beta}$-actin, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 in the mice group treated with PR-HA with RT-PCR decreased significantly compared with those of control group. Conclusions : These result suggests that Platycodi Radix Herbal-acupuncture at Joksamni(St36) in C57BL/6mice may be an effictive part to OVA-induced asthma in C57BL/6 mice.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.813-821
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• 2015

Asthma is an increasing global health problem, and novel strategies to prevent or ameliorate the condition are needed. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anti-asthma effects of Adenophora triphylla var. japonica extracts. We investigated the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of 80% ethanol extracts (AE) of A. triphylla on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. AE treatment inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 as well as nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. In particular, NO and pro-inflammatory cytokine production was suppressed more effectively by aerial parts (AE-A) than roots (AE-R) of A. triphylla. Quantitative RT-PCR assay showed that AE reduced mRNA levels of iNOS and COX-2. We also evaluated the anti-asthmatic effects of AE-A in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced BALB/c mouse model. AE-A supplementation significantly reduced the amounts of airway eosinophils, IL-4 and IL-13 levels in BALF, and IgE levels in serum as compared with untreated, OVA-induced mice. These results suggest that AE-A can be considered as a therapeutic agent to potentially relieve asthma.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2013

The fruit of the black raspberry (Rubus coreanus Miquel) has been employed in traditional medicine, and recent studies have demonstrated its measureable biological activities. However, the root of the black raspberry has not been studied. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties of the root and unripe fruit polyphenols of the black raspberry. Both polyphenols proved to have anti-inflammatory activity as evidenced by the decreased nitric oxide (NO), cytokines (IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and IL-10) and prostaglandin E2 ($PGE_2$) levels in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. However, root polyphenols showed stronger anti-inflammatory activity than fruit polyphenols. LPS-induced mRNA and protein expressions of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 levels were also decreased, confirming the anti-inflammatory activity. Root polyphenols showed lethal activity against methicillin-resistant Staphy-lococcus aureus (MRSA), carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), and Bacillus anthracis. In contrast, the black raspberry fruit did not demonstrate these properties. These data provide the first demonstration that black raspberry root has potential anti-inflammatory and anti-superbacterial properties that can be exploited as alternatives for use in the food and cosmetic industries and/or as pharmaceuticals.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.827-843
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Mitochondrial DNA leakage leads to inflammatory responses via endosome activation. This study aims to evaluate whether the perennial grass water extract (Pogonatherum panicum) ameliorate mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) leakage. MATERIALS/METHODS: The major bioactive constituents of P. paniceum (PPW) were investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography, after which their antioxidant activities were assessed. In addition, RAW 264.7 macrophages were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, resulting in mitochondrial damage. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to examine the gene expression and cytokines. RESULTS: Our results showed that PPW extract-treated activated cells significantly decrease reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide levels by reducing the p2^phox and iNOS expression and lowering cytokine-encoding genes, including IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, PG-E2 and IFN-γ relative to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages. Furthermore, we observed that LPS enhanced the mtDNA leaked into the cytoplasm, increasing the transcription of Tlr9 and signaling both MyD88/Irf7-dependent interferon and MyD88/NF-κb p65-dependent inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression but which was alleviated in the presence of PPW extract. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that PPW extract has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities by facilitating mtDNA leakage and lowering the Tlr9 expression and signaling activation.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.21-33
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• 2009

대황(Rhei Rhizoma; RR, 대황(大黃))은 Rheum officinale Baill.와 Rheum palmatum L.(polygonaceae)의 땅속부분으로 남아시아의 민속의학에서 간 및 신장의 손상을 치료하는데 널리 이용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 배양한 흰쥐 해마신경세포의 저산소증모델을 이용하여 대황의 물추출물이 유전자 표현에 미치는 영향을 microarray 방법을 이용하여 조사하였다. 배양 후 10일 (DIV10)에 추출물을 배지에 $2.5{\mu}g/ml$ 농도로 첨가하고, DIV13에 저산소증(2% $O_2$/5% $CO_2$, $37^{\circ}C$, 3 h)을 유발한 후 24 시간 후에 total RNA를 분리하여 microarray에 사용하였다. MA-plot에 의하면 표현이 연화된 대부분의 유전자는 ${\pm}2$배 이내로 증감되었다. 이 가운데 Global M 값이 0.2(즉, 15%)보다 더 증가한 유전자는 472종, Global M 값이 -0.2(즉, -15%)보다 더 감소한 유전자는 725종이였다. 세포의 생존과 관련된 유전자 가운데 세포자연사 억제유전자인 Tegt(2.4배), Nfkb1 (2.4배), Veg (1.8배), Ngfr (1.6배) 등이 크게 증가하였으며, 반면에 자연사 촉진유전자인 Bad (-64%), Cstb (-66%)는 감소하였다. 스트레스를 극복하는데 필요한 유전자인 Defb3 (2.7배), Cygb (2.2배), Ahsg (2.18배), Alox5 (2배) 등도 크게 증가하였다. 그리고 세포 성장을 촉진하는 유전자인 Erbb2 (1.84배), Mapk12 (1.8배)도 크게 증가하였다. 따라서 대황의 물추출물은 세포생존에 필요한 유전자를 증가시키고, 세포사를 유도하는 유전자는 감소시킴으로서 저산소층 스트레스에서 신경세포의 사망을 억제하는 것으로 해석된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.823-830
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• 2005

This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of bacteria-derived $\beta$-glucan fiber on serum lipids, adiposity and uncoupling protein (UCP) expression in rats. In order to induce obesity, Sprague-Dawley weanling male rats were allowed free access to AIN-76A diet until 4 weeks of age, and fed high-fat diet (beef tallow, $40\%$ of calories as fat) for 6 weeks until 10 weeks of age. Rats were then fed with $0\%$ thigh- fat control group), $1\%$, or $5\%$ bacterial ~-glucan supplemented high-fat diets (w/w) for another 6 weeks. For comparison, normal control group was fed with AIN-76 diet $11.7\%$ fat). Supplementation with bacterial $\beta$-glucan resulted in a significant reduction of high-fat-induced white fat (i.e., visceral and peritoneal fat) development, adipocyte hypertrophy, and development of hyperinsulinemia and hyperleptinemia. Serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and free fatty acid levels were greatly reduced, but, HDL-cholesterol concentrations were increased by bacterial $\beta$-glucan supplementation. Serum leptin level was lower in the $\beta$-glucan groups than in the high-fat group. The expression of UCPs (UCP1, UCP2, and UCP3) in brown adipose tissue (BAT) were significantly increased by $5\%$ bacterial $\beta$-glucan-containing diet. This study suggests that the anti-obesity effect of $5\%$ bacterial $\beta$-glucan is attributed to upregulation of UCPs and inefficient energy utilization.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.133-152
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• 2005

1. 목적 Prostaglandin은 치주질환과 관련된 국소적 골 대사에 중요한 역할을 한다. ${\Delta}^{12}PGJ_2$는 생체 내에서 혈장의 존재 하에 형성되는 천연 $PGD_2$ 대사산물이며 peroxisome- proliferator에 의해 활성화되는 감마 수용체 (PPAR ${\Gamma}$)에 대해 높은 친화성을 갖는 리간드로서 핵 수용체군에 속하는 전사조절인자이다. 이 연구의 목적은 골화 과정에서 ${\Delta}^{12}PGJ_2$의 역할을 규명하기 위해, 조골세포주의 증식과 분화에 미치는 영향과 그에 관련된 세포기전을 조사하는 데에 있다. 2. 방법 인간 골육종세포주인 Saos-2 (ATCC.HTB 85)와 쥐의 조골세포주 (MC3T3-E1)를 배양한 후 실험군에 농도가 각각 $10^{-5}$, $10^{-6}$, $10^{-7}$, $10^{-8}$, $10^{-9}$ 몰인 ${\Delta}^{12}PGJ_2$와 ciglitazone (합성 PPAR 감마 길항체)를 첨가하였다. 조골세포에서 PPAR 감마의 발현을 관찰하기 위해 역전사효소-중합효소연쇄반응(RT-PCR)을 특정한 primer를 이용하여 시행하였다. 세포 증식은 1일, 2일, 3 일째에 MIT 분석법으로 측정하였고, 2 일째에 알칼리성 인산효소 (ALPase) 생산을 측정하였다. 위의 결과에서 얻은 적정한 농도에서 다양한 조골세포 분화의 표지자들-제 1 형 교원질, 알칼리성 인산효소, osteopontin 및 bone sialoprotein-에 대한 간이 정량적 역전사효소-중합효소연쇄반응 (semiquantitative RT-PCR)을 실시하였으며 골결절 형성에 대한 효과를 알아보고자 석회화 분석도 시행하였다. 3. 결과 ${\Delta}^{12}PGJ_2$와 ciglitazone 모두 Saos-2 세포주의 증식을 촉진시켰다 .$10^{-8}$ 몰의 ${\Delta}^{12}PGJ_2$와 $10^{-6}$몰의 ciglitazone을 첨가한 실험군을 대조군과 비교했을 때, 시간에 비례하여 세포 증식률이 증가되었다. 알칼리성 인산효소의 활성화 검사에서도 증식률에서와 유사한 결과를 보여주었다. 간이 정량적 RT-PCR에서는 ${\Delta}^{12}PGJ_2$로 처리한 군의 경우 제 1 형 교원질, 알칼리성 인산효소, osteopontin, 그리고 bone sialoprotein의 상대적 mRNA 수준이 유의하게 높았다. 석회화 분석에서는 MC3T3-E1 세포를 $10^{-6}$ 몰의 ${\Delta}^{12}PGJ_2$로 처리한 군과 $10^{-5}$ 몰의 ciglitazone으로 처리한 군에서 현저한 골결절 형성을 보였다. 이러한 결과들은 ${\Delta}^{12}PGJ_2$가 유용한 골 유도물질이 될 수 있으며 또한 그 작용기전이 PPAR 감마-의존형 경로와 연관되어 있음을 보여준다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.17-27
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• 2021

본 연구는 Peucedanum insolens Kitagawa 뿌리의 여러 유기용매 분획물에 대한 항산화 활성과 LPS 처리된 RAW264.7 세포에서 항염증 효과를 조사하기 위해 수행되었다. 이 연구를 위해 P. insolens Kitagawa 뿌리를 먼저 실온에서 1 주일 동안 건조하여 잘게 썰고 70% 에탄올로 추출한 다음 hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate 및 물로 연속적으로 분획하였다. DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) 라디칼 소거능 분석과 total polyphenol 및 total flavonoid 함량을 측정하여 유기용매 분획물의 항산화 활성을 평가했다. RAW264.7 세포에서 iNOS, COX-2, IL-1β 및 IL-6과 같은 염증 매개 유전자의 발현 억제 수준을 측정하여 분획의 항 염증 효능을 평가했다. 본 연구 결과는 P. insolens Kitagawa 뿌리의 ethyl acetate 분획물이 상대적으로 높은 함량의 total flavonoid (34.08±1.68 ㎍ QE/mg)와 total polyphenol (154.1±3.2 ㎍의 GE/mg)을 함유하고 있음을 분명히 보여주었다. DPPH 분석 결과 P. insolens Kitagawa는 ethyl acetate 분획에서 강력한 자유 라디칼 소거 활성을 가지고 있음을 보여주었다. Ethyl acetate 분획 및 hexane 분획은 모두 RAW264.7 세포에서 24시간 동안 LPS (1 ㎍/ml) 처리에 의해 유도된 산화질소 생성에 대해 강력한 억제력을 나타냈다. 본 연구결과는 또한 P. insolens Kitagawa의 hexane 분획 및 ethyl acetate 분획 모두 RAW264.7 세포에서 24시간 동안 LPS 처리에 의해 과발현된 iNOS, IL-1β 및 IL-6의 mRNA 수준을 강력하게 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 P. insolens Kitagawa가 항 염증 활성에 강한 효능을 가진 화합물을 포함할 수 있음을 시사한다. 염증 조절에 대한 P. insolens Kitagawa 분획물의 더 자세한 효과를 이해하기 위하여 이 분획물이 cytokine 신호 전달 경로 및 염증 신호 경로에 대한 조절작용과 같은 추가적인 작용기전 연구가 필요하다.