• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.35-44
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• 1991

In this study, thickness 40mm glulams were composed of thickness 5mm, 10mm Quercus laminas and Pinus koraiensis laminas to study on the effect of load variation on transition of neutral axis of laminated veneer lumber(LVL). The transition of neutral axis was examined by strain variation, which was checked by strain gauge. amplifier, recorder, and strain meter. The elasticity of glulam was estimated by E = $\Sigma(E_i\;I_ i)$/I and this estimated elasticity values were compared with the elasticity values of glulam in bending. The result obtained can be summarized as follows: 1. The location of neutral axis of glulam was effected by glulam composition methods 2. The neutral axis did not shift by load variation within proportional limit. 3. The estimated elasticity of glulam by E = $\Sigma(E_i\;I_ i)$/I showed much lower value than the elasticity of glulam in bending.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.179-196
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• 2009

Let E be a uniformly convex Banach space and K a nonempty closed convex subset which is also a nonexpansive retract of E. For i = 1, 2, 3, let $T_i:K{\rightarrow}E$ be an asymptotically nonexpansive mappings with sequence ${\{k_n^{(i)}\}\subset[1,{\infty})$ such that $\sum_{n-1}^{\infty}(k_n^{(i)}-1)$ < ${\infty},\;k_{n}^{(i)}{\rightarrow}1$, as $n{\rightarrow}\infty$ and F(T)=$\bigcap_{i=3}^3F(T_i){\neq}{\phi}$ (the set of all common xed points of $T_i$, i = 1, 2, 3). Let {$a_n$},{$b_n$} and {$c_n$} are three real sequences in [0, 1] such that $\in{\leq}\;a_n,\;b_n,\;c_n\;{\leq}\;1-\in$ for $n{\in}N$ and some ${\in}{\geq}0$. Starting with arbitrary $x_1{\in}K$, define sequence {$x_n$} by setting {$$x_{n+1}=P((1-a_n)x_n+a_nT_1(PT_1)^{n-1}y_n)$$ $$y_n=P((1-b_n)x_n+a_nT_2(PT_2)^{n-1}z_n)$$ $$z_n=P((1-c_n)x_n+c_nT_3(PT_3)^{n-1}x_n)$$. Assume that one of the following conditions holds: (1) E satises the Opial property, (2) E has Frechet dierentiable norm, (3) $E^*$ has Kedec -Klee property, where $E^*$ is dual of E. Then sequence {$x_n$} converges weakly to some p${\in}$F(T).

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.23-27
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to find how English vowels /a, e, i, o, u/ affect the production of English labials /p, b, f, v/ by Korean learners of English. Sixty syllables were composed by five vowels and four labials in the syllable types CV, VC, and VCV. The nonsense syllables were produced three times by nine subjects. The major results show that (1) in inter-vocalic position, the subjects had higher scores in producing /v/ composed with /a, e, o/ and /u/, while subjects had lower scores in producing /p/ with /i/ and /o/, (2) in post-vocalic position, the subjects had higher scores in producing /v/ and /f/ with /a, e/, and /o/, while subjects had lower scores in producing /b/ with /e/ and /i/, and (3) in pre-vocalic position, the subjects had higher scores in producing /v/ with /e, o, u/ and /f/ with /u/, while subjects had lower scores in producing /b/ with /e/, /i/ and /u/. The results suggest that on the whole, Korean learners of English have much difficulty in producing /p/ with /i/ in inter-vocalic condition and /b/ with /i, /e/ in pre-vocalic position.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.323-334
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• 2008

We define injective and projective representations of quivers with two vertices with n arrows. In the representation of quivers we denote n edges between two vertices as ${\Rightarrow}$ and n maps as $f_1{\sim}f_n$, and $E{\oplus}E{\oplus}{\cdots}{\oplus}E$ (n times) as ${\oplus}_nE$. We show that if E is an injective left R-module, then $${\oplus}_nE{\Longrightarrow[50]^{p_1{\sim}p_n}}E$$ is an injective representation of $Q={\bullet}{\Rightarrow}{\bullet}$ where $p_i(a_1,a_2,{\cdots},a_n)=a_i,\;i{\in}\{1,2,{\cdots},n\}$. Dually we show that if $M_1{\Longrightarrow[50]^{f_1{\sim}f_n}}M_2$ is an injective representation of a quiver $Q={\bullet}{\Rightarrow}{\bullet}$ then $M_1$ and $M_2$ are injective left R-modules. We also show that if P is a projective left R-module, then $$P\Longrightarrow[50]^{i_1{\sim}i_n}{\oplus}_nP$$ is a projective representation of $Q={\bullet}{\Rightarrow}{\bullet}$ where $i_k$ is the kth injection. And if $M_1\Longrightarrow[50]^{f_1{\sim}f_n}M_2$ is an projective representation of a quiver $Q={\bullet}{\Rightarrow}{\bullet}$ then $M_1$ and $M_2$ are projective left R-modules.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.249-259
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• 2018

$Iso{\ddot{e}}tes$ L. ($Iso{\ddot{e}}taceae$) is a cosmopolitan genus of heterosporous lycopods containing ca. 200 species being found in lakes, streams, and wetlands of terrestrial habitats. Despite its ancient origin, worldwide distribution, and adaptation to diverse environment, species in $Iso{\ddot{e}}tes$ show remarkable morphological simplicity and convergence. Allopolyploidy appears to be a significant speciation process in the genus. These characteristics have made it difficult to assess the phylogenetic relationships and biogeographic history of $Iso{\ddot{e}}tes$ species. In recent years, these difficulties have somewhat been reduced by employing multiple molecular markers. Here, we reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships in East Asian $Iso{\ddot{e}}tes$ species. We also provide their divergence time and biogeographic origin using a fossil calibrated chronogram. East Asian $Iso{\ddot{e}}tes$ species are divided into two clades: I. asiatica and the remaining species. $Iso{\ddot{e}}tes$ asiatica from Hokkaido forms a clade with northeastern Russian and western North American $Iso{\ddot{e}}tes$ species. In clade I, western North America is the source area for the dispersal of $Iso{\ddot{e}}tes$ to Hokkaido and northeastern Russia via the Bering land bridge during the late Miocene. The remaining $Iso{\ddot{e}}tes$ species (I. sinensis, I. yunguiensis, I. hypsophila, I. orientalis, I. japonica, I. coreana, I. taiwanensis, I. jejuensis, I. hallasanensis) from East Asia form a sister group to Papua New Guinean and Australian species. The biogeographic reconstruction suggests an Australian origin for the East Asian species that arose through long-distance dispersal during the late Oligocene.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.13-24
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• 2008

Objectives This study was designed to analyze the clinical studies on Mental retardation(MR) in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM). Methods For this study, we searched the clinical studies on MR, which had been published from 2003 to 2007, through web site CNKI(中國知識基礎設施工 http://www.cnki.net). There were 17 clinical studies and we focused on those studies. Results 1. In those Chinese studies, they used following words to describe Mental retardation; 小人弱智($xi\check{a}o\acute{e}rru\grave{o}zh\grave{i}$), 智能發育不全($zh\grave{i}n\acute{e}ngf\bar{a}y\grave{u}buqu\acute{a}n$), 智力低下($zh\grave{i}l\grave{i}d\bar{i}xi\grave{a}$), 精神發育遲滯($j\bar{i}ngsh\acute{e}f\bar{a}y\grave{u}ch\acute{i}zh\grave{i}$), 智能落后($zh\grave{i}n\acute{e}nglu\grave{o}h\grave{o}u$), 智能落后($zh\grave{i}n\acute{e}ngch\acute{i}hu\check{a}n$), 失天愚型患人($xi\bar{a}nti\bar{a}ny\acute{u}x\acute{i}nghu\grave{a}n'\acute{e}r$). 2. There were many kinds of TCM treatment methods for MR, such as herbal medicine, acupuncture, electroacupunture, acupoint injection, Chuna therapy, and special education. And those TCM treatments methods showed higher efficacies in the treatment of MR compared with Western medicine. 3. Mental retardation was related with the deficiency of heart, kidney, liver, spleen(心虛, 腎虛, 肝虛, 脾虛) and the pathological mechanism of Phlegm(絹) and Blood stasis(慫沂)in the studies about the Bian Zheng-the types of differential diagnosis- of MR. 4. Most of studies used Intelligence Quotient(IQ) to assess the efficacy of TCM treatment of MR. And the duration of treatment, the degree of illness, the age of patient, and the cause of illness affected the prognosis of MR. Conclusions These results suggest that traditional medicine could be one of the useful treatments on MR. And these results could be used in the clinical practices and studies on MR in Korea.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.121-131
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• 2019

I investigate the origin of arc degeneracies in satellite microlens parallax ${\pi}_E$ measurements with only late time data, e.g., t > $t_0+t_E$ as seen from the satellite. I show that these are due to partial overlap of a series of osculating, exactly circular, degeneracies in the ${\pi}_E$ plane, each from a single measurement. In events with somewhat earlier data, these long arcs break up into two arclets, or (with even earlier data) two points, because these earlier measurements give rise to intersecting rather than osculating circles. The two arclets (or points) then constitute one pair of degeneracies in the well-known four-fold degeneracy of space-based microlens parallax. Using this framework of intersecting circles, I show that next-generation microlens satellite experiments could yield good ${\pi}_E$ determinations with only about five measurements per event, i.e., about 30 observations per day to monitor 1500 events per year. This could plausibly be done with a small (hence cheap, in the spirit of Gould & Yee 2012) satellite telescope, e.g., 20 cm.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.927-931
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• 1994

Let G be a cyclic group of order 2 and let $S^1$ denote the unit circle in $R^2$ with the standard metric. We consider smooth G-vector bundles over $S^1$ when G acts on $S^1$ by reflection. Then the fixed point set of G on $S^1$ is two points ${z_0, z_1}$. Let $E$\mid$_{z_0} and E$\mid$_{z_1}$ be the fiber G-representation spaces at $z_0$ and $z_1$ respectively. We associate an orthogonal G-representation $\rho_i : G \to O(n)$ to $E$\mid$_{z_i}, i = 0, 1$. Let det $p\rho_i(g), g \neq 1$, be denoted by det $E$\mid$_{z_i}$ since det $\rho_i(g)$ is independent of choice of $\rho_i$.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.709-719
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• 1992

We synthesized the binuclear tetradentate Schiff base cobalt(II), nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes such as [Co(II)_2(TSBP)(L)_4], [Ni(II)_2(TSBP)(II)_4] and [Cu(II)_2(TSBP)] (TSBP: 3,3',4,4'-tetra(salicylideneimino)-1,1'-biphenyl, L: Py, DMSO and DMF). We identified the binucleated structure of these complexes by elemental analysis, IR-spectrum, UV-visible spectrum, T.G.A. and D.S.C. According to the results for cyclic voltammogram and differential pulse polarogram of 1 mM complexes in nonaqueous solvents included 0.1M TEAP-L (L; Py, DMSO and DMF) as supporting electrolyte, it was found that diffusionally controlled redox processes of four steps through with one electron for binucleated Schiff base Cobalt(II) complex was Co(III)_2 {^\longrightarrow \\_\longleftarrow^e^-}Co(III)Co(II)_2{^\longrightarrow \\_\longleftarrow^e^-}Co(II){^\longrightarrow \\_\longleftarrow^e^-}Co(I){^\longrightarrow \\_\longleftarrow^e^-}Co(I)_2 and two steps with one electron for Nickel(II) and Copper(II) complexes were M(II)_2 {^\longrightarrow \\_\longleftarrow^e^-}M(I)M(I){^\longrightarrow \\_\longleftarrow^e^-}M(I)_2 (M; Ni and Cu) in nonaqueous solvents.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 1996

Cysts of Entamoebn histoIMtica are still found from humans in Korea, but notall of the cysts are known as pathogenic. The non-pathogenic strain is regarded as a differenL species, E. nispnr. In this study, Korean isolates of conventional E. histolvticn were subjected for the differentiation by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Human stools were screened by routine microscopic examination, and cyst or trophozoite positive stools were inoculated into Robinson media. The cultivated trophozoites were prepared for DNA extraction, and the DNAs were used for PCR with common primers of Pl gene. The PCR products were divested with 3 restriction enzymes and RFLP was observed. Also anti-sense primers containing the cleavage site of each restriction eWe were designed for differentiation only by PCR. The PCR products of Korean isolates 59,512, YS-6, and YS-27 were spliced by Taq I and Xmnl but not byAccl, and the isolates S1, S3, S11, S15, S16, S17, S20, YS- l7, and YS-44 were spliced by Acc I but not by Taq I and Xmn I. These RFLP pattern correlated well with PCR products by the species specific primers. The findings confirm that the Korean isolates 59,512, YS-6, and YS-27 are E. histolwtico and others are E. dispar. In Korea, most of the asymptomatic cyst carriers are infected by E. dispar, not by E. histolytica. Key words: Entcmoebc histolytica, Entcmoebn dispar Korean isolates, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)