• 산업식품공학
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2017

Dyslipidemia, defined as elevated triglyceride (TG), total- and LDL-C, and/or decreased HDL-C levels, is considered a principal risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) family has been considered a key player in the prevention of dyslipidemia. The LDLR family consists of cytoplasmic membrane proteins and plays an important role not only in ligand-receptor binding and uptake, but also in various cell signaling pathways. Emerging reports state that various functional ingredients dynamically modulate the function of the LDLR family. For instance, oats stimulated the LDLR function in vivo, resulting in decreased body weight and improved serum lipid profiles. The stimulation of LRP6 by functional ingredients in vitro activated the Wnt/${\beta}-catenin$ pathway, subsequently suppressing the intracellular TG via inhibition of SREBP1, $PPAR{\gamma}$, and $C/EBP{\alpha}$. Furthermore, the extract of Cistanchetubulosa enhanced the expression of the mRNA of VLDLR, followed by a reduction in the serum cholesterol level. In addition, fermented soy milk diminished TG and total cholesterol levels while increasing HDL-C levels via activation of LRP1. To summarize, modulating the function of the LDLR family by diverse functional ingredients may be a potent therapeutic remedy for the treatment of dyslipidemia and cardiovascular diseases.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.615-630
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• 2020

본 연구는 국민건강영양조사 데이터를 바탕으로 일반적 특성과 함께 식생활특성 및 건강특성 요소들에 따른 총콜레스테롤 혈중농도의 차이와 함께 이상지질혈증 진단기준에 따른 총콜레스테롤 수준과의 연관성을 분석하고 이상지질혈증 발생에 대한 유의적 요소들의 상대적 위험도를 비교 분석한 것이다. 그 결과, 총콜레스테롤 혈중농도는 나이가 들수록 증가하므로 지속적 관리가 필요하며, 주로 성인전기에는 허리둘레 수준, 성인 후기에는 적절한 강도의 규칙적인 운동, 노인기에는 주관적건강수준 관리가 필요하고, 전반적으로 BMI 수준과 외식수준 관리가 필요하다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.168-177
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• 2023

Background & Objectives: Fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) offer advantages in adherence and cost-effectiveness compared to free combinations (FCs), but they can also complicate the prescribing process, potentially leading to therapeutic duplication (TD). This study aimed to identify the prescribing patterns of FDCs for dyslipidemia and investigate their associated risk of TD. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study involving drugs that included statins, using Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service-National Patient Sample (HIRA-NPS) data from 2018. The unit of analysis was a prescription claim. The primary outcome was TD. The risk ratio of TD was calculated and adjusted for patient, prescriber, and the number of cardiovascular drugs prescribed using a multivariable Poisson model. Results: Our study included 252,797 FDC prescriptions and 515,666 FC prescriptions. Of the FDC group, 46.52% were male patients and 56.21% were aged 41 to 65. Ezetimibe was included in 71.61% of the FDC group, but only 0.25% of the FC group. TD occurred in 0.18% of the FDC group, and the adjusted risk ratio of TD in FDC prescriptions compared to FC was 6. 44 (95% CI 5. 30-7. 82). Conclusions: Prescribing FDCs for dyslipidemia was associated with a higher risk of TD compared to free combinations. Despite the relatively low absolute prevalence of TD, the findings underline the necessity for strategies to mitigate this risk when prescribing FDCs for dyslipidemia. Our study suggests the potential utility of Clinical Decision Support Systems and standardizing nomenclature in reducing medication errors, providing valuable insights for clinical practice and future research.

• BMB Reports
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.139-148
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• 2016

In the past decade, the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has rapidly increased, along with the associated cardiovascular complications. Therefore, understanding the pathophysiology underlying T2D, the associated complications and the impact of therapeutics on the T2D development has critical importance for current and future therapeutics. The prevailing feature of T2D is hyperglycemia due to excessive hepatic glucose production, insulin resistance, and insufficient secretion of insulin by the pancreas. These contribute to increased fatty acid influx into the liver and muscle causing accumulation of lipid metabolites. These lipid metabolites cause dyslipidemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, which ultimately contributes to the increased cardiovascular risk in T2D. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of hepatic insulin resistance and the specific role of liver lipids is critical in selecting and designing the most effective therapeutics for T2D and the associated co-morbidities, including dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease. Herein, we review the effects and molecular mechanisms of conventional anti-hyperglycemic and lipid-lowering drugs on glucose and lipid metabolism.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.144-149
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of high dietary methionine (Met) consumption on plasma and hepatic oxidative stress and dyslipidemia in chronic ethanol fed rats. MATERIALS/METHODS: Male Wistar rats were fed control or ethanol-containing liquid diets supplemented without (E group) or with DL-Met at 0.6% (EM1 group) or 0.8% (EM2 group) for five weeks. Plasma aminothiols, lipids, malondialdehyde (MDA), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase were measured. Hepatic folate, S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) were measured. RESULTS: DL-Met supplementation was found to increase plasma levels of homocysteine (Hcy), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and MDA compared to rats fed ethanol alone and decrease plasma ALT. However, DL-Met supplementation did not significantly change plasma levels of HDL-cholesterol, cysteine, cysteinylglycine, and glutathione. In addition, DL-Met supplementation increased hepatic levels of folate, SAM, SAH, and SAM:SAH ratio. Our data showed that DL-Met supplementation can increase plasma oxidative stress and atherogenic effects by elevating plasma Hcy, TG, and TC in ethanol-fed rats. CONCLUSION: The present results demonstrate that Met supplementation increases plasma oxidative stress and atherogenic effects by inducing dyslipidemia and hyperhomocysteinemia in ethanol-fed rats.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.116-125
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• 2021

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the most common cause of death in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and dyslipidemia is considered at least partially responsible for the increased CVD risk in NAFLD patients. The aim of the present study is to understand how hepatic de novo lipogenesis influences hepatic cholesterol content as well as its effects on the plasma lipid levels. Hepatic lipogenesis was induced in mice by feeding a fat-free/high-sucrose (FF/HS) diet and the metabolic pathways associated with cholesterol were then analyzed. Both liver triglyceride and cholesterol contents were significantly increased in mice fed an FF/HS diet. Activation of fatty acid synthesis driven by the activation of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)-1c resulted in the increased liver triglycerides. The augmented cholesterol content in the liver could not be explained by an increased cholesterol synthesis, which was decreased by the FF/HS diet. HMG-CoA reductase protein level was decreased in mice fed an FF/HS diet. We found that the liver retained more cholesterol through a reduced excretion of bile acids, a reduced fecal cholesterol excretion, and an increased cholesterol uptake from plasma lipoproteins. Very low-density lipoproteintriglyceride and -cholesterol secretion were increased in mice fed an FF/HS diet, which led to hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia in Ldlr-/- mice, a model that exhibits a more human like lipoprotein profile. These findings suggest that dietary cholesterol intake and cholesterol synthesis rates cannot only explain the hypercholesterolemia associated with NAFLD, and that the control of fatty acid synthesis should be considered for the management of dyslipidemia.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.485-505
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• 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness and safety of using Taeksa-tang for dyslipidemia through a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods: The search was conducted using keywords such as "dyslipidemia", "hyperlipidemia", "taeksa tang", "zexie tang", and "takusha to" in 12 databases (Pubmed, Cochrane, Embase, ScienceDirect, CNKI, Wanfang, CiNii, RISS, KISS, ScienceON, OASIS, and DBpia) on April 13, 2023. There were no limits on the publication period and language. Cochrane's risk of bias (RoB) was used to evaluate the quality of the studies. A meta-analysis was conducted according to the outcome measurements such as total effective rate (TER), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), and adverse effects, using the Review Manager web. Results: A total of 9 RCTs were selected. In evaluating the RoB, 2 studies mentioning the random sequence generation, 1 study conducting double blindness, and 8 studies without missing values were evaluated as low risk, while 1 study without mentioning the random sequence generation was evaluated as high risk. All other parts were evaluated as unclear risk. The treatment group (Taeksa-tang or Taeksa-tang-gagam) showed more statistically significant effects compared to the control group (Western medicine or Chinese patent medicine) in TER (RR : 1.24, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.34, P<0.00001), TC (MD : -1.12, 95% CI -1.68 to -0.56, P<0.0001), TG (MD : -1.08, 95% CI -1.65 to -0.51, P=0.0002), HDL-C (MD : 0.63, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.93, P<0.0001), LDL-C (MD : -0.81, 95% CI -1.10 to -0.53, P<0.00001). In addition, the treatment group showed lower adverse effects compared to the control group (RR : 0.30, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.74, P=0.008). Conclusion: This study suggests that Taeksa-tang is effective and safe to use for treating dyslipidemia. However, due to the low quality of the included studies, more clinical studies need to be conducted in the future to increase the possibility of clinical use.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.7978-7989
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• 2015

이상지질혈증은 심뇌혈관질환의 주된 위험인자로서, 한국 성인의 유병률은 매우 높지만 관리가 미흡하다는 문제점이 제기되어 왔다. 본 연구의 목적은 이상지질혈증의 진단기준이 아닌, 이의 관리를 위한 치료기준에 따라 한국 성인의 유병률, 인지율, 치료율, 그리고 조절률을 조사하는 것이다. 이를 위해 심뇌혈관질환 위험요인과 수준을 평가하여, 위험군 범주에 따라 차등적인 치료목표치를 적용하였다. 표본은 국민건강영양조사 3개년(2010년-2012년)의 공개된 자료에서 추출되었고, 만 20세 이상의 성인 16,236명을 연구대상으로 하였다. 치료기준에 따른 이상지질혈증의 연령 표준화된 유병률은 34.1%이었고, 유병자 기준 연령 표준화된 인지율, 치료율, 그리고 조절률은 각각 19.2%, 9.5%, 그리고 8.7%에 불과하였다. 치료자 중 연령 표준화된 조절률은 47.5%이었다. 남성의 유병률은 여성에 비해 통계적으로 유의하게 높았지만(39.7% vs. 28.8%), 인지율, 치료율, 그리고 조절률은 모두 유의하게 낮았다(각각 16.0% vs. 22.3%, 7.7% vs. 11.3%, 그리고 6.1% vs. 11.2%). 심뇌혈관질환의 위험이 높은 집단일수록, 유병률은 높은 반면 조절률은 낮았다. 당뇨병 환자의 치료기준(LDL-콜레스테롤 ${\geq}100mg/dL$과 중성지방 ${\geq}200mg/dL$)에 따른 이상지질혈증 유병률은 82.5%에 달하였지만, 이들 유병자 중 치료목표 미만으로 지질이 조절되는 사람은 11.9%에 불과했다. 이러한 결과는 이상지질혈증 유병자냐의 낮은 치료율을 개선하기 위한 효과적인 방안이 모색되어야 한다는 것을 제시하며, 이를 위해 국가건강검진에서 특히 심뇌혈관질환 고위험군에 대해 이상지질혈증 유병자의 사후 관리를 강화할 필요가 있다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.6-16
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• 2019

본 연구는 솔잎착즙액이 고지방식이로 이상지질혈증을 유도한 흰쥐의 지질대사에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해 실험동물을 정상식이 (ND)군, 고지방식이군으로 나누어 각각의 식이를 4주간 급여한 후 고지방식이군을 설기떡 (SD)군 및 솔잎착즙액설기떡 (PSD)군으로 분류하여 6주간 사육하고, 혈장과 간 및 분변의 지질관련 지표를 분석하였다. PSD군은 설기떡 섭취에 의해 유의하게 높아진 체중증가량을 유의하게 낮추었으며 (p < 0.05), 설기떡 섭취에 의해 유의하게 높아진 혈장 총 콜레스테롤 및 LDL-콜레스테롤을 낮추는 경향을 나타내었다 (p > 0.05). 간 조직과 분변의 지질대사 관련 지표를 분석한 결과 PSD군은 설기떡 섭취에 의해 ND군보다 유의하게 높아진 간 조직의 중성지방 및 총 콜레스테롤과 간 조직의 SREBP2 유전자 발현을 유의하게 낮추는 효과를 나타내었다 (p < 0.05). 또한 PSD군은 SD군보다 분변으로 배출되는 중성지방 함량을 14.8% 높였으며 (p > 0.05), 혈장과 간의 지질과산화를 SD군보다 각각 7.7%, 20.2% 낮추는 효과를 나타내었다 (p > 0.05). 혈장과 적혈구의 항산화활성 관련 지표를 분석한 결과 PSD군은 설기떡 섭취에 의해 낮아진 혈장 ORAC을 높이는 경향을 나타내었으며, 설기떡 섭취에 의해 유의하게 낮아진 간조직의 Mn-SOD 및 CAT 효소활성을 SD군보다 각각 21.5%, 19.6% 유의하게 높이는 효과를 나타내었다. 이상의 결과에서, 고지방식이로 이상지질혈증을 유도한 흰쥐에서 솔잎착즙액설기떡의 섭취는 체중증가억제, 혈장 콜레스테롤 감소, 간 내 콜레스테롤 생합성 억제, 간 조직의 지질수준 감소, 분변으로의 지질배출 증가, 간 조직의 지질과산화 감소, 혈장과 간 조직의 항산화 활성 증가 효능을 나타내는 것으로 확인되었다. 이에 본 연구에서 개발된 솔잎착즙액을 첨가한 설기떡은 지질 감소 효능을 가진 기능성 떡으로써 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제65권3호
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• pp.129-130
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• 2022