• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to investigate effects of several zinc solutions including Artemisia asiatica-containing zinc solution on concentration of oral volatile sulfur compounds(VSCs). We determined the VSCs concentration of breath of human subjects before and after use of zinc solutions(O.25% $ZnF_2$ Artemisia asiatica-containing 0.25% $ZnCl_2$ and Artemisia asiatica-containing 0.25% $ZnCl_2$ solutions) The results were as follows : 1. 0.25% $ZnCl_2$ solution was more effective than 0.25% $ZnF_2$ solution in reducing the concentration of oral VSCs and the maintenance duration of effectiveness. 2. Artemisia asiatica-containing 0.25% $ZnCl_2$ solution was more effective than Artemisia asiatica-containing 0.25% $ZnF_2$ solution in reducing the concentration of oral VSCs and the maintenance duration of effectiveness. 3. Artemisia asiatica-containing 0.25% $ZnF_2$ solution and 0.25% $ZnF_2$ solution showed no significant difference in reducing the concentration of oral VSCs and the maintenance duration of effectiveness but, Artemisia asiatica-containing 0.25% $ZnF_2$ solution was slightly more effective. 4. Artemisia asiatica-containing 0.25% $ZnCl_2$ solution and 0.25% $ZnCl_2$ solution showed no significant difference in reducing the concentration of oral VSCs and the maintenance duration of effectiveness but, Artemisia asiatica-containing 0.25% $ZnF_2$ solution was slightly more effective.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.493-498
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• 2009

Recently, the number of complex construction projects, such as high-density development and long-span mega structure construction, has been increasing globally. Therefore, the construction duration has become an even more important factor for success. Nevertheless, in domestic residential construction projects, it usually takes more time than twice as much as North American cases. The long construction duration causes a number of problems, for example growth of financial costs, fall in productivity, and weakness of competitiveness. If the framework construction duration can be shortened to 3 ~ 4 days, then it is also expected to complete the finish work of building in shorter duration, be led to reduce the entire construction duration, and eventually to save a great deal of indirect costs. For shortening the construction duration, previous researches pointed out that the development of simplified plan design should precedes. But, in reality, lack of experience of new design and innovative techniques tends to be the obstacle to wide adoption of the simplified plan design in construction fields. In this paper, a simplified structural plan design is proposed, and the construction cost is quantitatively compared between when traditional construction technique is applied to the traditional plan and when the duration-shortening key technique is applied to the developed plan.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.13-27
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• 2005

This research deals with the issues concerning how consumers change their purchase behavior if one of brands in the market prolongs its coupon duration while there are more than two brands. If they extend coupon duration of a brand, consumers increase Purchase of the brand with coupons. But they increase or reduce purchase of competing brands with coupons depending on the condition of the market. increase of purchase of the brand with prolonged coupons stems from reducing purchase of the consumer's most favorite brands with regular price and their less preferred brands with coupons. On the other hand, consumers who prefer the brand at in-between level tend to reduce purchase of competing brands with coupons under certain conditions. Therefore firms which do not have dominant market positions have strong incentive for strategic alliance in terms of coupon duration.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.231-235
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• 2001

Gestation duration of cow is an important economical trait. Shortening the gestation duration decreases the production cost and increases the competitiveness of Hanwoo industry. Thus, this study was carried out to analyse the effect of expected factors on gestation duration and make an alternative idea for reduced gestation duration. Gestation duration was not affected by cow-parity, but significantly affected by farm, Al year and sire. Therefore, reducing the gestation duration of Hanwoo may require both providing optimum feeding environment and nutrition management for cow and selecting optimum sire for AI.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.264-271
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• 2013

Purpose: We aimed to analyze the effect of fixation tightness of the syndesmotic screw and its indwelling period on the recurrence of the syndesmosis widening after screw removal and the clinical outcomes. Materials and Methods: Forty consecutive patients with acute syndesmotic injury were retrospectively reviewed. The tibiofibular clear space is measured by digitalized measurement tool on serial radiographs. We analyzed the effect of time from trauma to fixation, syndesmotic screw indwelling duration, and fixation methods. Residual symptoms at the last follow up were evaluated. The student t-test, correlation test, and chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Results: Eighteen ankles (45%) had recurrent syndesmosis widening (greater than 5% compared to the contralateral side). Seven patients had pain and five had limitation of motion in the ankle joint. Fixation tightness had significant effect on reducing the recurrence while the severity of the initial widening, time to fixation, and duration of fixation did not affect the outcome. Conclusion: Tight fixation of syndesmotic screw is essential for achieving final syndesmotic stability and reducing recurrence.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.447-450
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• 2004

The domestic construction industry have focus on duration than construction cost. But recently it have interesting to The domestic construction industry, social requirement is changing. At the moderate speed duration has other angle of reducing cost and management of efficiency. specially Apartment building construction process is similar to other construction industry so it Is obtain a strong Point. This study on, A Target of construction industry is short duration than other it, general construction duration in summary schedule of level is studied, is based and construction duration for the point it is indicated reduction duration

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.375-379
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• 2007

This study was carried out to examine the effects of storage duration on physico-chemical properties of milled rice. Rough rice of three rice ecotypes(Japonica, Tongil and F1 hybrids with Tongil back-ground) was stored for 4, 16, 28 and 40 months without artificial environmental control in seed warehouse. And this materials were investigated for seed germination rate, brown rice hardness, alkali digestion value(ADV), contents of protein, amylose, total sugar, and reducing sugar. Seed germination rate was significantly reduced with storage duration increased regardless of rice ecotypes : 66.7% from 16 months storage, 2.5% from 28, and nil from 40 months storage in Japonica rices. And 54.0%, 67.9% in Tongil, and F1 hybrid after 40 months storage, respectively. Brown rice hardness was not significantly affected by storage duration but showed significant genotypic differences. As the storage duration prolonged, sugar content and alkali digestion value increased, protein content declined while amylose content did not show clear tendency. Total and reducing sugar contents showed sharp increase upto 16 months storage and thereafter steady in crease, and the percentage of reducing sugar content out of total sugar content increased with extended storage duration.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.87-92
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• 2008

Underground building constructions are recently more important because the ratio of underground area is increasing in the huge and high-rise building construction projects. For reducing the total building construction periods, it is required to reduce not only the over-ground structural work periods but also the underground structural work periods. Therefore, this study is proposed the non-supporting system forms for single face walls in underground building construction by one of the methods for reducing the underground structural work periods and investigated the applicability of the non-supporting system forms by analyzing the case-study in civil construction project. In regard of construction duration, the results of analyzing the case-study showed that the non-supporting system forms are better than the euro forms with soldier system for single face walls in underground building construction. In addition, it is showed that the cost of these two forms is similar and usage the working space and safety in non-supporting system forms are better that those of the euro forms with soldier system, too.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.355-363
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• 2010

High purity hydrogen, 97-99 vol.%, with CO at just ppm levels was obtained in a fixed bed of iron oxide employing the steam-iron cycle operation with reduction at 823K and oxidation in a steam-$N_2$ mixture at 773K TGA experiments indicated that temperature of the reduction step as well as its duration are important for preventing carbon build-up in iron and the intrusion of $CO_2$ into the hydrogen product. At a reduction temperature of 823K, oxide reduction by $H_2$ was considerably faster than reduction by CO. If the length of the reduction step exceeds optimal value, low levels of methane gas appeared in the off-gas. Furthermore, with longer durations of the reduction step and CO levels in the reducing gas greater than 10 vol.%, carbidization of the iron and/or carbon deposition in the bed exhibited the increasing pressure drop over the bed, eventually rendering the reactor inoperable. Reduction using a reducing gas containing 10 vol.% CO and a optimal reduction duration gave constant $H_2$ flow rates and off-gas composition over 10 redox reaction cycles.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2015.11a
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• pp.196-197
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• 2015

In tall building construction, time for transporting form affects formwork duration as plan size has become larger and quantity of inputted form has been increased. Thus, necessity of systematic dismantlement sequence of form has been increased to reduce the duration of formwork. Tabu search has been efficiently applied to solve problem of combinatorial optimization by using tabu list which can improve combination values. Therefore, this study proposes optimization model of dismantlement sequence of table form which has been preferred in tall building construction, to reduce the formwork duration by minimizing time for transporting form.