• 공업화학
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.562-568
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• 2021

천연 밀배아유와 복합 sugar ester를 이용하여 밀배아유 원료 O/W (oil in water) 유화액을 제조하였다. HLB 값, 유화제의 첨가량 및 유화시간이 O/W wheat germ oil 유화액의 평균 입자크기, 유화점도 및 ESI에 미치는 영향을 조사하였으며, 반응표면분석방법인 중심합성계획모델에 의해 제조된 유화과정의 파라미터를 모의하고 최적화하였다. O/W wheat germ oil 유화액의 제조를 위한 최적의 공정조건은 HLB 값(hydrophile-lipophile balance value)은 8.4, 유화제의 첨가량은 6.4 wt%, 유화시간은 25.4 min이며, 최적조건에서 중심합성계획(central composite design, CCD-RSM) 모델을 통한 예측 반응치는 7일 후의 유화액을 기준으로 MDS (mean droplet size)= 206 nm, 점도 = 8125 cP, ESI 98.2%이었다. 또한 실제 실험을 통해 얻어진 유화액의 MDS, 점도 및 ESI는 각각 209 nm, 7974 cP 및 98.7%로 나타났다. 따라서 중심합성계획 모델을 통해 밀배아유 원료 유화액의 안정성을 평가하는 최적화 과정을 설계할 수 있었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제26권12호
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• pp.1722-1728
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• 2002

Most researches regarding emulsified fuel were in the areas of emulsifier, emulsified fuel manufacturing and emulsified fuel droplet combustion, but there were little papers published regarding emulsified fuel combustion and boiler efficiency in an industrial boiler. The main purpose of this study is to clarify whether improvements in the boiler efficiency and the reduction of pollutants such as CO, NOx, SOx and smoke exist or not when emulsified fuels are combusted in the commercial boiler. Main experimental parameters were water content in heavy oil , excess $O_2$, and boiler load. The fuels used in this experiment were 0.5 B-C, and 5 kinds of 0.5 B-C/water emulsified fuels. The combustion characteristics of heavy oil and its emulsions with water were investigated in an industrial boiler. The combustion stability was monitored and exhaust gases such as CO, NOx, SOx and smoke were measured with excess $O_2$ and combustion load. In case of emulsified fuel combustion, flame stability was poor and boiler efficiency was lowered by 1.6~5.7%, but emission levels of CO and smoke were improved.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.111-115
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• 1998

We investigated the stability of all-trans-retinol on the liquid crystalline O/W emulsion composed of mainly alkyl polyglycerine, alkyl polyglucose and glycerine, and compared the activity of all-trans-retinol in the various forms of liquid crystal. Under certain conditions, novel liquid crystalline gel was formed around oil droplets, and layers of this liquid crystalline gel were very wide and rigid. (SWLC; Super Wide Liquid Crystal) SWLC was very helpful to stabilize retinol in O/W emulsion. After storage at 45 C for 4 weeks, all-trans-retinol in O/W emulsion composed of SWLC retained above 85% of the activity upon HPLC analysis, whereas those within no liquid crystalline emulsion gave 47% and normal liquid crystalline emulsion composed of fatty alcohols gave 40 60%. Retinol in oil phase is nealy insoluble in pure water, but in cosmetic emulsion systems can be slightly solubilized into water because emulsifiers and polyols in emulsion systems function as solubilizers. In this case, water in outer phase acts as a media for oxygen transporation$.$and thus destabilizes retinol. As a result, retinol in O/W emulsion has a tendency to become unstable. SWLC surrounding oil droplet which contains retinol is wide and rigid, therefore reduces contact between inner phase and outer phase To make SWLC, properties of emulsifiers are very important phase transition temperature should be high, and the structure of surfactants should be bulky, and their ratio should be suitable to make rigid and wide liquid crystalline gel layer in order to reduce contact between retinol in inner phase and water in outer phase.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.143-150
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• 2018

Oil-in-water emulsion was prepared using cinnamoyl surfactants as emulsifiers. Cinnamoyl surfactants used in the present study were polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate-cinnamic acid conjugate (TW20CA), polyoxyethylene (20) cetyl ether-cinnamic acid conjugate (CE20CA), and polyoxyethylene(20) oleyl ether-cinnamic acid conjugate (OE20CA). The emulsion stabilized with TW20CA was the most stable, possibly because the polyoxyethylene segment of TW20CA would sterically stabilize the oil droplets effectively. In vivo UV protecting efficacy of surfactant and emulsion was investigated by determining the minimum amount of UV light (MAUL) to induce a black point on the back of hairless mice (HRM2). The mean MAUL of PARSOL, OE20CA, and emulsion stabilized with TW20CA was $1046.5mJ/cm^2$, $1163mJ/cm^2$, and $1308.5mJ/cm^2$, respectively. The high UV-protecting efficacy of the emulsion could be ascribed to not only the UV-absorbing property of cinnamoyl group but also the UV-scattering property of the oil droplets.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.639-646
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• 2019

Ink-jet printing is a manufacturing process technology that directly prints a digitalized design pattern onto a substrate using a fine ink jetting system. In this study, environmentally friendly yellow aqueous ceramic ink is synthesized by mixture of distilled water, yellow ceramic pigment and additives for ink-jet printing. The graft polymer, which combines electrostatic repulsion and steric hindrance mechanism, is used as a surfactant for dispersion stability of aqueous ceramic ink. Synthesized ceramic ink with graft polymer surfactant shows better dispersion stability than did ceramic ink with PAA surfactant; synthesized ink also shows desirable ink-jet printability with the formation of a single ink droplet during printability test. Finally, ceramic ink printed on glass substrate and ceramic ink with graft polymer surfactant shows a high contact angle without surface treatment on glass substrate. Consequently, it is confirmed that the ceramic ink with graft polymer surfactant can achieve high printing resolution without additional surface treatment process.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.236-242
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• 2020

In this paper, we present the improvement in low moisturizing ability and stability that existing skin softeners have due to the low oil content, by developing skin softener using nanoemulsion of phospholipid liposome, based on the properties of nanoemulsion in cosmetic formulation. In this study, two types of oil; dimethicone (DC 200/6cs) or medium chain triglyceride (MCT), and two kinds of lecithin; unsaturated or saturated were respectively applied to produce nanoemulsion. In the particle size analysis of nanoemulsion, the droplet size of nanoemulsion containing DC200/6cs and unsaturated lecithin was the smallest, and all nanoemulsion showed high stability in the measurement of zeta potential. Therefore, with the smallest particle size and high stability, moisture contents and trans epidermal water loss(TEWL) were measured using the skin softener of DC200/6cs and unsaturated lecithin contained nanoemulsion, and the measurement was compared with the non-oil skin softener and the skin softener with only small amount of oil. The results showed that the moisture content of the skin softener using nanoemulsion increased greatly than other two skin softeners, showing high hydration ability and water retention capacity, and TEWL decreased greatly, therefore preventing the evaporation of moisture from the skin. As a result, the oil content and stability of the skin softener was improved by utilizing nanoemulson based of phospholipid liposome, and it is expected to be used in various ways in cosmetic industry.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.277-284
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• 2002

Lansoprazole, pharmaceutics for acid-related diseases, is unstable in low pH environments and generally coated with enteric polymer to obtain gastroresistance in stomach. Because its storage stability is influenced by acidic substitutes of enteric polymer, alkaline chemicals wεre generally addεd to dosage form as a stabilizer. In this experience, we coated lansoprazole bead with sodium alginate and evaluated the effect of bead size and sodium alginate coating on the storage stability and dissolution profile of lansoprazole. Sodium alginate solution containing lansoprazole was sprayed as a droplet into 3% (w/v) $CaCl_2$ solution and the resultant bead was coated with starch, sodium alginate, and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate. The content of lansoprazole granule not coated with sodium alginate decreased to 57.96% of initial content when stored at a severe condition for 4 weeks, but that of lansoprazole granule coated with sodium alginate before enteric coating decreased little and as the thickness of sodium alginate film increased, the content of bead didn't decreased for 4 weeks. Sodium alginate film also improved the gastroresistance without much influencing the maximum dissolution rate.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.423-426
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• 2020

본 연구를 통해 전분 나노입자의 첨가가 유제품 휘핑크림의 품질특성에 미치는 영향과 휘핑크림의 안정성을 향상시킴을 확인할 수 있었다. 전분 나노입자 첨가는 유화 액적의 계면을 안정화시킴으로써 휘핑크림의 저장 안정성을 향상시킬 수 있었다. 전분 나노입자 첨가에 의한 휘핑크림의 점도 역시 증가하였고 이로 인하여 휘핑크림의 저장 안정성이 증가하였으며, 액적의 입도 크기 역시 증가하였다. 하지만 3% 이상 전분 나노입자를 첨가하였을 때 오버런은 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 본 연구결과에 따르면 1% 전분 나노입자를 휘핑크림에 첨가하였을 때 휘핑크림의 오버런에 주목할 만한 변화 없이 휘핑크림의 저장 안정성을 향상시킬 수 있었다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.339-347
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• 2013

나노에멀젼은 서브마이크론 크기의 에멀젼으로 치료 약물의 전달을 향상시키는 약물 전달체로서 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 연구의 목표는 폴리머를 함유한 나노에멀젼의 안정성에 대한 연구이다. 고농도의 Carbopol 941, Aristoflex AVC, Aronbis M, Permulen TR 2 및 Aculyn 44를 함유한 나노에멀젼의 안정성은 마크로에멀젼과는 다르게 불안정하였다. 폴리머를 유화 전에 첨가하여 제조한 에멀젼이 유화 후 폴리머를 첨가하여 제조한 에멀젼에 비해 초기 입자 크기가 더 크게 형성되었다. 저 농도의 폴리머를 함유한 경우에도 폴리머를 함유하지 않은 나노에멀젼에 비해 안정성이 감소하였으나 그 정도는 고농도에 비해 적었다. 점도가 유사한 경우 안정성에 미치는 순서는 Aristoflex AVC < Carbopol 941 < Permulen TR2 < Carbopol 941 + Aculyn 44 < Aronbis M의 순서로 불안정하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.555-562
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 다양한 항균활성을 지닌 천연물 유래 물질 신남알데히드를 이용한 안정한 자가미세유화 약물전달시스템을 개발하는 것이다. 이러한 목표를 달성하기 위하여 신남알데히드의 주 분해산물인 신남산과 신남알데히드의 동시 정량법을 확립하였으며, 설정된 분석법을 이용한 용해도 시험으로 신남알데히드에 대한 용해도 개선효과가 우수한 계면활성제를 선별하였다. 계면활성제로 Cremophor EL, 공계면활성제로 Transcutol P를 이용한 신남알데히드의 pseudo-ternary phase diagram을 작성하여 에멀전의 입자크기를 최소화시킬 수 있는 조성비로 신남알데히드 : Cremophor EL : Trasncutol P = 10 : 70 : 20%(v/v/v)인 SMEDDS 조성물을 제조한 후 안정성 시험을 통해 신남알데히드의 함량변화 및 에멀전의 입자크기 변화에 대해 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통해 제조된 신남알데히드의 자가유화 나노에멀전은 신남산의 생성량이 적고 신남알데히드의 함량 저하 속도가 느려 안정성이 우수하였으며, 안정성 기간 중에 최초의 입자크기를 잘 유지하는 특성이 확인되었다. 따라서 이 조성물은 신남알데히드를 위한 의약품 제형으로의 활용 가능성이 높을 것으로 사료된다.