• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2005년도 ICCAS
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• pp.643-648
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• 2005

Generally, ships have marks of various shapes on outside of the hull. Among them, so called "Draft Mark" indicates the distance from the bottom of the keel to the waterline. Draft marks are used to determine the displacement and other properties of the ship for stability and control purposes. These marks are made up of welding bead or sticking the steel plate on outside of the hull. To improve the confidence level of the ship owner, quality and accuracy of the draft mark is very important. So the automatic mark welding robot is used to enable a high quality and accurate manufacturing line. To improve the system portability, the system is divided into two distinct parts, namely mechanical part and control part. Mechanical part is robust, a lightweight, and easy to dismantle. The control part consists of an in-house developed controller, which is based on embedded Linux. Also, the control part consists of power line communication module to ensure the applicability of the controller in manufacturing line. In this paper, the methodologies of control and configuration of the robot are discussed.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.535-549
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• 1998

A numerical study for performance analysis of a counterflow type forced draft tower and natural draft cooling tower has been performed based on the method using the finite volume method with non-orthogonal body fitted and non-staggered grid system. For solving the coupling problem between water and air, air enthalpy balance, moisture fraction balance, water enthalpy balance, and water mass balance equations are solved with Navier-Stoke’s equations simultaneously. For the effect of turbulence, the standard k-$\varepsilon$ turbulent model is implied in this analysis. The predicted result of the present analysis is compared with the experimental data and the commercial software result to validate the present study, The predicted results show good agreement with the experimental data and the commercial software result. To investigate the influence of the cooling tower design parameters such as approach, range and wet bulb temperature, parametric studies are also peformed.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2008년도 추계 학술발표회 제20권2호
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• pp.871-874
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• 2008

KBC 2005를 처음 적용할 때 많은 구조엔지니어들이 무량판 구조에 대한 횡력저항시스템 선정과이에 따른 상세적용에 많은 어려움이 있었다. 현재 KBC 2005에 대한 개정작업이 진행중에 있다. 이러한 시점에서 최근 개정 중인 건축구조기준의 개정안을 토대로 향후 개정안에 적용가능한 구조시스템을 미리 살펴볼 필요가 있다. KBC 2008(안)의 경우 내진설계범주에 따른 시스템의 높이제한, 특수전단벽과 같은 특수상세, 전단벽-골조 상호작용시스템과 같은 새로운 시스템의 도입으로 구조설계자가 현행 기준보다 시스템에 대하여 휠씬 더 다양한 선택이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.27-51
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• 2007

The cumulative result of the work by the ICAO Secretariat, the Secretariat Study Group and the Council Special Group on the Modernization of the Rome Convention of 1952 are two draft Conventions, namely: "Draft Convention on Compensation for Damage Caused by Aircraft to Third Parties, in case of Unlawful Interference", and "Draft Convention on Compensation for Damage Caused by Aircraft to Third Parties" The core provisions of the former draft Convention are as follows: The liability of the operator is strict, that is, without the necessity of proof of fault. It would be liable for damage sustained by third parties on condition only that the damage was caused by an aircraft in flight(Article 3). However, such liability is caped based on the weight of the aircraft(Article 4). It is envisaged to create an independent organization called the Supplementary Compensation Mechanism, with the principle purpose to pay compensation to persons suffering damage in the territory of a State Party, and to provide financial support(Article 8). Compensation shall be paid by the SCM to the extent that the total amount of damages exceeds the Article 4 limits(Article 19). The main issues on the farmer draft Convention are relating to breaking away from Montreal Convention 1999, no limits on individual claims but a global limitation on air carrier liability, insurance coverage, cap of operators' strict liability, and Supplementary Compensation Mechanism. The core provisions of the latter draft Convention are as follows: the liability of the operator is strict, up to a certain threshold tentatively set at 250,000 to 500,000 SDRs. Beyond that, the operator is liable for all damages unless it proves that such damage were not due to its negligence or that the damages were solely due to the negligence of another person(Article 3). The provisions relating to the SCM and compensation thereunder do not operate under this Convention, as the operator is potentially for the full amount of damages caused. The main issues on the latter draft Convention are relating to liability limit of operator, and definition of general risks. In conclusion, we urge ICAO to move forward expeditiously on the draft Convention to establish a third party liability and compensation system that can stand ready to protect both third party victims and the aviation industry before another 9/11-scale event occurs.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.209-219
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• 1993

A series of soil bin experiment was carried out on sand to investigate if true model theory is applicable to blade-soil system and finally to find mathematical relationship between the dimensionless terms which contain the blade-soil parameters. The following conclusions were derived from the study. 1. It was proved that the draft of the prototype blade can be predicted without distortion by those of model blades with the length scale of 1.2, 2 and 2.4. 2. For the sand, bulk density was found to be a good measure of soil physical properties which are pertinent to predict the draft of the blade-soil system. 3. The mathematical relationship between $D/{\gamma}W$ and d/W, ${\beta}$, and $V^2/Wg$ are as follows ; $$\frac{D}{{\gamma}W^3}=124.98[\frac{d}{W}]^2+7.16[\frac{d}{W}]+0.43 \\ \frac{D}{{\gamma}W^3}=-0.00099{\beta}^2+0.13{\beta}-2.01 \\ \frac{D}{{\gamma}W^3}=0.041[\frac{V^2}{Wg}]^2+0.08[\frac{V^2}{Wg}]+1.3$$

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.121-129
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• 1996

This study was to estimate how about various effects on the body thermal sensation as air velocity. clo. mean radiant temperature and resultant temperature are varied. The indoor thermal environment elements are measured under the five different of air velocity. Using the above considerations. the following results are obtained. ▶ The states, the air velocity under 0.5 m/s and 0.63 to 0.9 clo. were shown that the comfort zone of mean radiant temperature by 21.2~24.7C, the neutral point by 22.8C, the resultant temperature by 20.7-24.4C and the neutral point by 22.6C. ▶ On equal condition, the draft was occurred at a given air-velocity under 0.5m.s. It was also appeared the floor panel heating system affecting the body thermal sensation by the subject’s below-chest parts and the local discomfort by sensations on the feet and the knees.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.614-624
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• 2013

The resonance power buoy is a convincing tool that can increase the extraction efficiency of wave energy. The buoy needs a corresponding draft, to move in resonance with waves within the peak frequency band where wave energy is concentrated. However, it must still be clarified if the buoy acts as an effective displacement amplifier, when there is insufficient water depth. In this study, the vertical displacement of a circular cylinder-type buoy was calculated, with the spectrum data observed in a real shallow sea as the external wave force, and with the corresponding draft, according to the mode frequency of normal waves. Such numerical investigation result, without considering Power Take-Off (PTO) damping, confirmed that the area of the heave responses spectrum can be amplified by up to about tenfold, compared with the wave energy spectrum, if the draft corresponds to the peak frequency, even with insufficient water depth. Moreover, the amplification factor of the buoy varied, according to the seasonal changes in the wave spectra.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2002

The purpose of this paper is to examine the scope of the application of Preliminary Draft Convention, which will be fixed as international uniform rules soon, in relation to the CISG. First, this Draft Convention will cover service contracts as well as sales contract of goods, but the license agreement will be excepted because it does not transfer the complete property. Second, this will cover the commercial contracts(sales or services) concluded by data message fully or partially. Third, this will be applied in international contract regardless of contracting states or non-contracting states. As it is very difficult to confirm the places of business of contracting parties in on-line contracts, the first criterion to confirm them is the indication by the party in each contract. This presumption may be supplemented, if they are not indicated in the contract, by the location of the equipment and technology supporting an information system used by a legal entity for the conclusion of a contract. It is essential to establish an international uniform rules as soon as possible in order to activate the international businesses with on-line basis. Thus this author hopes that this paper will contribute to the clear understanding to the scope of application of Preliminary Draft Convention for which the UNCITRAL is under working.

• 플랜트 저널
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.34-39
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• 2012

석탄화력발전소에서 저품위탄 연소시 통풍저항 변화로 인해 승압송풍기의 운전점에 영향을 주는 것을 분석하여 현재운전점 대비 실속시점을 예측하였다. 연료의 발열량이 낮을수록 통풍저항 증가 속도가 빨라지며, 통풍저항과 승압송풍기의 운전점과는 강한 상관관계가 있음을 확인하였다. 발열량이 낮을수록 통풍저항이 빨리 상승하며 이는 곧 승압송풍기의 운전점이 설계탄 대비해서 실속 한계운전점에 빨리 도달하게 된다. 이를 근거로 현재운전점 대비 한계운전점까지의 운전여유분과 발열량별 통풍저항 증가 속도를 계산하여 실속시점을 예측할 수 있어 송풍기 실속으로 인한 발전출력의 감소나 운전정지에 대비한 정비계획 수립 등 안정운전에 많은 도움이 될 것으로 예상한다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제39권10호
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• pp.69-81
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• 2001

This study focused on the necessity and structural framework of tentative draft of "Act on Family Welfare". The background of this study started from the necessity that we need a holistic family welfare system to enhance the family function. The suggested act of family welfare is consisted on 4 parts, General Provisions, Arrangements of Basic Plan and Policy, Organizations and Facilities for Family Wefare and certified Personnel.