• Title/Summary/Keyword: Double deviation

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A Study of NMEA Protocol Multiplexer Simulation on the based optimizing Queue (최적화된 큐 기반의 NMEA 프로토콜 멀티플렉서 시뮬레이션에 관한 연구)

  • Park Si-Hyoung;Jung Sung-Hun;Kim Chang-Soo;Yim Chang-Mook;Yim Jae-Hong
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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    • 2004.11a
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    • pp.15-19
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    • 2004
  • Domestic use, or embody program that transmit NMEA protocol using multi port as software and is using because there is no fee and product that develop NMEA protocol Multiplexer, import mounting for foreign climax present. These method is paid or there is problem that must make out special processing part in each application program. Also, each mountings that display NMEA protocol can cause double resources waste and damage etc. because manufacturing firm and platform are different. Can act separatively as single hardware module of reliable processing method and high efficiency to supplement this in this treatise, and because using design of optimized cue, heighten memory efficiency of module, and proposed NMEA protocol Multiplexer that can keep high trustability of Come on, deviation compass, echo sound, mountings of GPS and so on and real time communication that is main input sensor equipment about embodiment.

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The influence of phentermine hydrochloride on heart rate variability (비만 치료제 Phentermine Hydrochloride가 심박동 변이율(Heart Rate Variability)에 미치는 영향)

  • Gang, Hui-Cheol
    • Journal of Korea Association of Health Promotion
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.28-38
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    • 2006
  • Background : Phentermine classified by "sympathomimmetic amie", is a stimulant of sympatheic tone But there has been no concrete study which presents the influence of phentermine on autonomic nervous system. Analysis of Heart rate variability is reliable, non-invasive and very useful for evaluating function of autonomic nervous system. We tried to elucidate the influence of phentermine on autonomic nervovs system by heart rate variability. MethodsAmong the 70 candidates who participated in the double-blind case control study whichwas designed in purpose of approving whether- Adipekⓓ is effective for treatment of obesity, 45persons were folled up. From April, 2005 to May 2005, HRV of the candidates who takes phentermine or placebo for 1month, was recorded using BFM-5000ⓓ(medi-core) for 5 minutes in resting state. HRV measures were assessed by time-domain and by frequency- domain analysis. Time domain parameters contain SDNN(Standard Deviation of NN intervals) and RMSSD(Root-Mean-Square of Successive Differences), etc and frequency domain Parameters contain Total Power(TP), Low frequency(LF'0.04-0.15Hz) power. High Frequency(HF:0.15-0.4Hz) power and LF/HF ratio etc. Results: Intakes of phentermine reduce HRV significant1y. SDNN & RMSSD, the main tine domain parameters of HRV, were decreased significantly(P=0.007. 0.016). PSI(Physical Stress Index of Pressure Index) was increase significantly(P=0.002)The main frequency domain parameters(TP, LF & VLF), also decreased significantly. (P=0.024,0.033, 0.015)Conclusion: The result showed that intakes of phentermine reduce heart rate variability and influence on most parameters of HRV. So phentermine not only accelerates sympathetic tone, but also inhibit the balance and function of autonomic nervous system.

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SOl Pressure Sensors (SOI 압력(壓力)센서)

  • Chung, Gwiy-Sang;Ishida, Makoto;Nakamura, Tetsuro
    • Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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    • v.3 no.1
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    • pp.5-11
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    • 1994
  • This paper describes the characteristics of a piezoresistive pressure sensor fabricated on a SOI (Si-on-insulator) structure, in which the SOI structures of Si/$SiO_{2}$/Si and Si/$Al_{2}O_{3}$/Si were formed by SDB (Si-wafer direct bonding) technology and hetero-epitaxial growth, respectively. The SOI pressure sensors using the insulator of a SOI structure as the dielectrical isolation layer of piezoresistors, were operated at higher temperatures up to $300^{\circ}C$. In the case of pressure sensors using the insulator of a SOI structure as an etch-stop layer during the formation of thin Si diaphragms, the pressure sensitivity variation of the SOI pressure sensors was controlled to within a standard deviation of ${\pm}2.3%$ over 200 devices. Moreover, the pressure sensors fabricated on the double SOI ($Si/Al_{2}O_{3}/Si/SiO_{2}/Si$) structures formed by combining SDB technology with epitaxial growth also showed very excellent characteristics with high-temperature operation and high-resolution.

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Study on the Chemical Characteristics of $PM_{10}$ at Background Area in Korean Peninsula (한반도 서해안 배경지역 미세입자의 화학적 특성 연구)

  • Bang So-Young;Baek Kwang-Wook;Chung Jin-Do;Nam Jae-Cheol
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.30 no.5 s.81
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    • pp.455-468
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    • 2004
  • The purpose of this paper is to understand the time series and origin of a chemical component and to compare the difference during yellow sand episodes for analysis $PM_{10}$ chemical components in the region of west in Korean Peninsula, 1999-2001. An annual mean concentration of $PM_{10}$ is $29.1\;{\mu}g/m^3$. A monthly mean and standard deviation of $PM_{10}$ concentration are very high in spring but there is no remarkably seasonal variation. Also, water soluble ionic component of $PM_{10}$ be influenced by double more total anion than total cation, be included $NO_{3}^-\;and\;SO_{4}^{2-}$ for the source of acidity and $NH_{4}^+$ to neutralize. Tracer metals of $PM_{10}$ slowly increases caused by emitted for soil and ocean (Fe, Al, Ca, Mg, Na) and Zn, Pb, Cu, Mn for anthropogenic source. According to method of enrichment factor (E.F) and statistics, assuming that the origin of metal component in $PM_{10}$ most of element in the Earth's crust e.g. Mg, Ca, Fe originates soil and Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb derives from anthropogenic sources. The ionic component for $Na^{+}\;Cl^-,\;Mg^{2+}\;and\;Ca^{2+}$ and Mg, Al, Ca, Fe originated by soil component largely increase during yellow sand period and then tracer metal component as Pb, Cd, Zn decrease. According to factor analysis, the first group is ionic component ($Na^+,\;Mg^{2+},\;Ca^{2+}$) and metal component (Na, Fe, Mn and Ni) be influenced by soil. The second group, Mg, Cr also be influenced by soil particle.

Design of Tag Antenna without Shadow Zone in Readable Pattern (인식 음영 구역을 제거한 RFID 태그 안테나 설계)

  • Cho, Chi-Hyun;Choo, Ho-Sung;Park, Ik-Mo
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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    • v.16 no.12 s.103
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    • pp.1206-1212
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    • 2005
  • In this paper, we propose a novel antenna structure which uses the electric and magnetic currents so as to eliminate nulls on their radiation pattern. The tag antenna was matched to the conjugate impedance of the commercial tag chip using the modified double T matching network. The radiation efficiency is about $90\%$, and the bandwidth($S_{11}< -10 dB$) is 848${\~}$926 MHz. Also it shows the gain deviation between the maximum and minimum gains about 4 dB at any direction of the tag antenna at the operating frequency. The readable range of the tag is 1.7${\~}$2.4 m for an arbitrary rotation angle of the tag with a commercial tag chip.

Efficacy and Safety of Low Dose Ketamine and Midazolam Combination for Diagnostic Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in Children

  • Akbulut, Ulas Emre;Cakir, Murat
    • Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.160-167
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    • 2015
  • Purpose: We aimed to analyze the effectiveness and safety of low-dose midazolam and ketamine combination for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGIE) in children. Methods: The study included the children (n=425, $10.78{\pm}3.81years$) who underwent UGIE for diagnostic purpose during 1 year period. All children were sedated with low dose midazolam (0.1 mg/kg) and ketamine (0.5 mg/kg) intravenously. Effectiveness of the sedation and complications during the procedure and recovery period were recorded. Results: Endoscopic procedure was successfully completed in 414 patients (97.4%; 95% confidence interval, 95.8-98.9). $Mean{\pm}standard$ deviation (SD) duration of procedure was $6.36{\pm}1.64minutes$ (median, 6.0 minutes; range, 4-12 minutes). Minor complications occurred during the procedure in 39.2% of the patients. The most common complication was increased oral secretion (33.1%). No major complications were observed in any patient. Age and Ramsay sedation scores of patients with complications during the procedure were lower than the others ($9.49{\pm}4.05years$ vs. $11.61{\pm}3.43years$, p=0.002 and $2.10{\pm}1.46$ vs. $4.37{\pm}1.16$, p=0.001). Mean recovery time was 22 minutes (range, 10-90 minutes; $mean{\pm}SD$, $25{\pm}12.32minutes$). Minor complications developed during recovery in 60.1% of the patients. The most common complication was transient double vision (n=127, 30.7%). Emergence reaction was observed in 5 patients (1.2%). Conclusion: The procedure was completed with high level of success without any major complication in our study. Combination of low-dose midazolam and ketamine is a suitable sedation protocol for pediatric endoscopists in UGIE.

Recent Pattern of Mortality in Korea (최근의 사망패턴에 관한 고찰)

  • 최인현;변용찬
    • Korea journal of population studies
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.46-67
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    • 1985
  • In this paper, an attempt has been made to examine the pattern of mortality in Korea during 1970~80. By applying the age-sex specific mortality rates quoted from 1978~79 life tables for Korea published by NBOS, EPB to those of the West pattern of regional model life tables and the far eastern pattern of model life tables for developing countries, life expectancy at birth were calculated. Also the author reviewed the trends of death rates, life expectancy and cause of death using vital registration data and other materials. Summarized results are as follows; 1. Crude death rates in Korea was reduced to one fifth in the 1983 compared to that in 1920's. Life expectancy also improved to almost double in 1985 compared to 1920's. But the difference in the life expectancy between male and female increased during that period and it was recorded as 6.4 years in 1985. This discrepancy was mainly due to the different tempo of decreasing in mortality level by sex, particularly, for the age 40 and above. 2. For the pattern of mortality in Korea, it showed that female mortality could accounted closer to the West pattern model life tables. There were high similarity between actual pattern prevalent in Korea and West pattern. And its coefficient of variance was also very low. However for the case of male, it was difficult to find the exact model life tables for explaining the actual situation on the male mortality pattern which means exist considerable dissimilarity in older ages. The Far eastern pattern of U.N. model life tables show better results than West pattern, however, the deviation of the pattern to actual was severe. Also in Far eastern pattern, high coefficient of variance was existed. Furthermore it was found in the paper that the mortality level of Korean male for the age 40 and above were much higher than that of Far eastern pattern which was reflected the high mortality of the male adult in Far east region. 3. The analysis of cause of death showed that circulatory disease such as cerebrovascular disease and hypertensive disease accounted for the leading cause of death in Korea for the age 40 and above. There should he paid special attention to chronic retrogressive diseases for the older age groups. For younger age groups, injury and poisoning were reported as important cause of death.

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Measurement of the Refractive Index of a Mixed Polymer by a Prism Spectrometer and its Application (프리즘 분광계를 이용한 혼합 폴리머의 굴절률 측정과 응용)

  • Kim, Ji-Young;Ju, Young-Gu
    • Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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    • v.28 no.5
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    • pp.221-228
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    • 2017
  • We measured the refractive index of a mixed polymer (NOA61, NOA84) in the liquid and solid states. First we made a hollow prism and filled it with UV (ultraviolet) epoxy. Measurement of the apex angle and the minimum-deviation angle gave the refractive index of the liquid polymer. To measure the refractive index of the solid polymer, an additional structure was included in the hollow prism, and the UV epoxy filling in the hollow prism was hardened. In both cases of liquid and solid polymers, the refractive index of the mixed polymer turned out to be proportional to the mix ratio. These results provide a method to vary the focal length of a double stacked cylindrical microlens array using UV epoxy.

An Overheight Warning System for High Height Vehicles (전고가 높은 차량을 위한 통과 높이 경고 시스템)

  • Kim, Tae-Won;Ok, Seung-Ho;Heo, Gyeongyong;Lee, Imgeun
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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    • v.24 no.7
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    • pp.849-856
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    • 2020
  • Recently, as the number of high-height vehicles such as double-decker buses has increased, collision accidents have occurred in bridges and tunnels due to the deviation from the designated routes and driver's carelessness. In the case of the existing front collision warning system, it is limited to vehicles and pedestrians, so it is difficult to use it as a pass height warning system for the high height vehicles. In this paper, we propose a system that generates a warning by determining the correlation and time series characteristics of data for each segment using multiple lidar sensors and then determining the possibility of collision in the upper part of the vehicle. Also, the proposed system confirmed the proper operation through a real-time driving test and a system performance evaluation by the Korea Automobile Testing & Research Institute.

Experimental study on the shear failure model for concrete under compression-shear loading

  • Shu, Xiaojuan;Luo, Yili;Zhao, Chao;Dai, Zhicheng;Zhong, Xingu;Zhang, Tianyu
    • Computers and Concrete
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    • v.29 no.2
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    • pp.81-92
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    • 2022
  • The influence of normal stress perpendicular to the potential shear plane was always neglected in existing researches, which may lead to a serious deviation of the shear strength of concrete members in practice designs and numerical analyses. In this study, a series of experimental studies are carried out in this paper, which serves to investigate the shear behavior of concrete under compression shear loading. Based on the test results, a three-phase shear failure model for cohesive elements are developed, which is able to take into consideration the influence of normal stress on the shear strength of concrete. To identify the accuracy and applicability of the proposed model, numerical models of a double-noted concrete plate are developed and compared with experimental results. Results show that the proposed constitutive model is able to take into consideration the influence of normal stress on the shear strength of concrete materials, and is effective and accurate for describing the complex fracture of concrete, especially the failure modes under compression shear loadings.