• 한국자기학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.55-67
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• 1997

이중 교환작용은 전도전자와 자성을 가진 이온들의 상호작용에 의해 강자성이 나타나는 현상이다. 이중 교환작용의 가장 중요한 특성은 전도도와 자성이 직접적인 관계를 가진다는 것이다. 이것은 최근 산화 망간 계열의 화합물에서 관측되는 초거대 자기저항(CMR : colossal magnetoresistance)과 관련하여 많은 관심을 모으고 있다. 이 논문에서 우리는 이중교환이 무엇인지을 설명하고 이에 관한 고전적인 논의들을 정리하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.124-129
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• 1986

The effects of molecular attraction and orientations for the energy mismatch variance, vibrational energy level and double-quantum transition, in the vibration-vibration energy exchange, have been considered. The contribution of molecular attraction increases the exchange rate of the purely repulsive interaction, in general, significantly, but which becomes smaller as the temperature is increased. As the energy mismatch is increased, its contribution is also increased, but which is small. However, its contribution for the double-quantum transition is very paramount. At each orientation, the exchange rate constants have been calculated and compared with the results for rotational average, and it is found that the exchange rate is a strong function of the orientation angles of colliding molecules. We have also discussed about the system having the strong interaction such as the hydrogen bond, and it is found that for this system the preferred orientation should be considered in order to calculate the exchange rates.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제36권8호
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• pp.843-847
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• 1999

The dc resistivity dc magnetization and thermopower of layered perovskite La1.6Ca1.4Mn2O7.07 have been studied. The ceramic sample of La1.6Ca1.4Mn2O7.07 undergoes the metal-insulator transition at 120K while a first-order phase transition from a ferromagnetic phase to a paramagnetic phae is observed at 260 K=TC This behavior is quite different from that of the well-known double exchange ferromagnets such as La1-xCaxMnO3 This phenomenon could be understood by considering the effects of the anisotropic double exchange interaction caused by two dimensional Mn-O-Mn networks in this materials. The dc magnetization between 120K and 250K is nearly constant and decreases rapidly with increasing temperature above 250K The measurements of dc resistivity and thermopower indicate that Zener polaron hopping conduction takes place above 260 K.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2000년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.555-558
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• 2000

Layered perovskite La$_{2-x}$Ca$_{l-x}$Mn$_2$O$_{7}$ phases were synthesized by solid state reaction. Single phase R-P could be obtained in the range of 0.4$_{2-x}$Ca$_{l-x}$Mn$_2$O$_{7}$. About 30% of MR ratio was obtained at 270K when 5 T of magnetic field was applied.ied.ied.ied.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.1704-1710
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• 2010

The structure of a 2D grid-like copper(II) complex [Cu$(NCO)_2$(pyz)](pyz=pyrazine) (1) consists of 1D chains of Cu-pyz units connected by double end-on (EO) cyanato bridges. Each Cu(II) ion has a distorted octahedral coordination, completed by the four EO cyanato and two pyrazine ligands. Magnetic interactions through EO cyanato and pyrazine bridges in 1 are discussed on the basis of DFT broken-symmetry calculations at the B3LYP level. For model dicopper(II) complexes I (bridged by cyanato) and II (bridged by pyrazine), electronic structure calculations reproduce very well the experimental couplings for the S = 1/2 ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic exchange-coupled 2D system: the calculated exchange parameters J are +1.25 $cm^{-1}$ and -3.07 $cm^{-1}$ for I and II, respectively. The $\sigma$ orbital interactions between the Cu $x^2-y^2$ magnetic orbitals and the nitrogen lone-pair orbitals of pyrazine are analyzed from the viewpoint of through-bond interaction. The energy splitting of 0.106 eV between two SOMOs indicates that the superexchange interaction should be antiferromagnetic in II. On the other hand, there are no bridging orbitals that efficiently connect the two copper(II) magnetic orbitals in I because the HOMOs of the basal-apical NCO bridge do not play a role in the formation of overlap interaction pathway. The energy separation in the pair of SOMOs of I is calculated to be very small (0.054 eV). This result is consistent with the occurrence of weakly ferromagnetic properties in I.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제39권7호
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• pp.550-556
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• 2016

During meiosis, exchange of DNA segments occurs between paired homologous chromosomes in order to produce recombinant chromosomes, helping to increase genetic diversity within a species. This genetic exchange process is tightly controlled by the eukaryotic RecA homologs Rad51 and Dmc1, which are involved in strand exchange of meiotic recombination, with Rad51 participating specifically in mitotic recombination. Meiotic recombination requires an interaction between homologous chromosomes to repair programmed double-strand breaks (DSBs). In this study, we investigated the budding yeast meiosis-specific proteins Hop2 and Sae3, which function in the Dmc1-dependent pathway. This pathway mediates the homology searching and strand invasion processes. Mek1 kinase participates in switching meiotic recombination from sister bias to homolog bias after DSB formation. In the absence of Hop2 and Sae3, DSBs were produced normally, but showed defects in the DSB-to-single-end invasion transition mediated by Dmc1 and auxiliary factors, and mutant strains failed to complete proper chromosome segregation. However, in the absence of Mek1 kinase activity, Rad51-dependent recombination progressed via sister bias in the $hop2{\Delta}$ or $sae3{\Delta}$ mutants, even in the presence of Dmc1. Thus, Hop2 and Sae3 actively modulate Dmc1-dependent recombination, effectively progressing homolog bias, a process requiring Mek1 kinase activation.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.1679-1683
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• 2013

Intergrowth perovskite type complex oxides $La_{0.8}Ln_{0.2}Sr_2MnCrO_{7-{\delta}}$ (Ln=La, Nd, Gd, and Dy) have been synthesized by sol-gel method. Rietveld profile analysis shows that the phases crystallize with tetragonal unit cell in the space group I4/mmm. The unit cell parameters a and c decrease with decreasing effective ionic radius of the lanthanide ion. The magnetic studies suggest that the ferromagnetic interactions are dominant due to $Mn^{3+}$-O-$Mn^{4+}$ and $Mn^{3+}$-O-$Cr^{3+}$ double exchange interactions. Both Weiss constant (${\theta}$) and Curie temperature ($T_C$) increase with decreasing ionic radius of lanthanide ion. It was found that the transport mechanism is dominated by Mott's variable range hopping (VRH) model with an increase of Mott localization energy.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.1663-1669
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• 2021

본 논문에서는 상호작용을 갖는 다중 리더들과 단일 추종자를 위한 협력 제어 문제를 고려한다. 리더들은 제어 가능하고, 추종자는 모든 리더들과 상호작용을 갖고 상호작용에 의하여 제어된다. 따라서 리더들을 제어함으로써 일치를 달성하는 협력 제어문제를 연구한다. 리더들과 추종자는 각 일차 적분기와 이차 적분기로 모델링되고 상호작용에 비선형성이 존재한다고 가정한다. 리더들은 추종자 사이의 상호작용만을 측정할 수 있고 이웃한 리더들과 측정된 정보를 교환할 수 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 측정된 상호작용에 대한 정보와 속도 일치를 위한 가상의 속도 변수에 대한 정보교환을 이용하여 일치 기반의 협력 제어 알고리즘을 제안한다. 라살레 불변의 법칙을 기반으로 에이전트들의 공통 상태로의 수렴을 해석한다. 마지막으로 이론적 결과들을 검증하기 위하여 수치적 예제를 제공한다.

• 한국자기학회:학술대회 개요집
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• 한국자기학회 2003년도 하계학술연구발표회 및 한.일 공동심포지엄
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• pp.150-151
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• 2003

In the past years, a giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect found in perovskite-like structured materials has attracted considerable attention among scientists and manufacturers, since, a practical point of view, the capacity of producing magnetic and sensing sensors. In a stream of this interest, further efforts to understand the underlying mechanism that leads to the GMR effect relative to the correlation between transport and magnetic properties, have been extensively devoted. In these cases, spin-glass-like behaviors are ascribed to the frustration of random competing exchange interactions, namely the ferromagnetic double-exchange interaction between Co$\^$3+/ (or Mn$\^$3+/) and Co$\^$4+/(or Mn$\^$4+/) and the antiferromagnetic one like spins. Noticeably, the distinction of spin-glass region from cluster-glass one, involved in the remarkable changes in transport and magnetic properties at a critical value of doping concentration, was observed. Magnetic anomalies in zero-field-cooled (ZFC) magnetization as well as ac magnetic susceptibility below Curie temperature T$\sub$c/ and the charge/orbital fluctuation were also realized. In this work, we present a study of magnetic properties of a deficient manganese perovskites system of La$\sub$0.6/Sr$\sub$x/MnTi$\sub$y/O$_3$, and particularly provide its new magnetic phase diagram.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.139-142
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• 2000

이중 perovskite구조를 가진 전이금속 산화물 L $a_2$MnFe $O_{6}$ 기본 전자구조를 범밀도 함수법을 기초로 한 국소밀도 근사를 이용한 FLAPW방법으로 계산하였다. 여러 자성 구조의 전에너지 계산은 이 물질이 강자성 구조가 반강자성 구조보다 안정됨을 보여 주었다. 각 전이금속의 이온 상태는 자성 구조에 따라 달라짐을 보였다(강자성 $_Mn^{4+}$ , F $e^{2+}$ 준강자성 $_Mn^{3+}$ , F $e^{3+}$ ). 이것은 전이금속 사이의 초교환작용 이론으로 잘 설명되었고 계산 결과는 최근의 실험과 일치 하였다.