• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.211-216
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• 2016

Micronucleus test is genotoxicity assay for detection of micronuclei in the cytoplasm of interphase cells. The reduction and replacement of in vivo toxicity testing on animals require the development of in vitro models to predict the genotoxicity or other tests for cosmetic products. In this study, we evaluated a genotoxicity assay for topically applied chemicals using a three-dimensional human reconstructed skin model, KeraSkin$^{TM}$. Two genotoxins, mitomycin C (MMC) and methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), induced significant dose-related increases in cytotoxicity and micronuclei induction in the skin model. In contrast, two non-genotoxins, 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) and trichloroethylene (TCE), induced cytotoxicity but not micronucleus formation. In conclusion, micronucleus test using human skin model may be useful for predicting in vitro genotoxic potentials of cosmetic products.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.284-289
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• 2017

Background: Compound FK506 is an immunosuppressant agent that is frequently used to prevent rejection of solid organs upon transplant. However, nephrotoxicity due to apoptosis and inflammatory response mediated by FK506 limit its usefulness. In this study, the protective effect of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) against FK506-induced damage in LLC-PK1 pig kidney epithelial cells was investigated. Methods: LLC-PK1 cells were exposed to FK506 with KRG and cell viability was measured. Western blotting and RT-PCR analyses evaluated protein expression of MAPKs, caspase-3, and KIM-1. TLR-4 gene expression was assessed. Caspase-3 activities were also determined. The number of apoptotic cells was measured using an image-based cytometric assay. Results: The reduction in LLC-PK1 cell viability by $60{\mu}M$ FK506 was recovered by KRG cotreatment in a dose-dependent manner. The phosphorylation of p38, p44/42 MAPKs (ERK), KIM-1, cleaved caspase-3, and TLR-4 mRNA expression was increased markedly in LLC-PK1 cells treated with $60{\mu}M$ FK506. However, with the exception of p-ERK, elevated levels of p-p38, KIM-1, cleaved caspase-3, and TLR-4 mRNA expression were significantly decreased after cotreatment with KRG. Activity level of caspase-3 was also attenuated by KRG cotreatment. Moreover, image-based cytometric assay showed that apoptotic cell death was increased by $60{\mu}M$ FK506 treatment, whereas it was decreased after cotreatment with KRG. Conclusion: Taken together, these results suggest that the molecular mechanism of KRG in the FK506-induced nephrotoxicity may lead to the development of an adjuvant for the inhibition of adverse effect FK506 in the kidney.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.237-242
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• 2016

The major advantage of slip-ring technology in Spiral CT is that it facilitates continuous rotation of the x-ray tube, so that volume data can be acquired from a patient quickly. Not only for such a fast scan, but also for the dose reduction purpose, high signal-to-noise ratio and fast data acquisition system is required. In this study, we have built a multi-channel photodetector and multi-channel data acquisition system for CT application. The detector module consisted of CdWO4 crystal and Si photodiode in 16 channels. For the performance test of the preamplifier stage, both the transimpedance and switched integrator types are optimized for the photodetector modules. Switched integrator showed better noise performance in the limited bandwidth which is suitable for the current CT application. The control sequence for data acquisition and 20 bit ADC is designed with VHDL(Very High Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language) and implemented on FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array) chip. Our Si photodiode detector module coupled to CdWO4 crystal showed comparable signal with other commercially available photodiode for CT. Switched integrator type showed higher SNR but narrower bandwidth compared to transimpedance preamplifier. Digital hardware is designed by FPGA, so that the control signal could be redesigned without hardware alteration.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.659-663
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• 2006

The extracts of Plocamium telfairiae using several solvents with different polarities were prepared and their growth inhibitory effects were examined on the human cancer cells. We investigated the cytotoxic effects of P. telfairiae extracts on HT-29 cells by the MTT reduction assay and examining the morphological change under the inverted microscope. Among three extracts, the methanol extract showed the strongest inhibitory effect on the growth of HT-29 cells. The methanol extract was further fractionated sequentially with n-hexane, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, and aqueous for purifying crude methanol extract. The n-hexane layer among the fractioned layers showed remarkable inhibitory activity on the growth of HT-29 cells. Moreover n-hexane layer showed the notable growth inhibition effects with a dose-dependent manner against SW620, HeLa, and MCF-7 cells as well as HT-29 cells. These results indicated that P. telfairiae extracts may be contained bioactive materials with inhibitory effect on the growth of human cancer cells.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.1399-1406
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• 2012

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of various extracts of Hizikia fusiforme on the anti-obesity effects in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. We used H. fusiforme extracts from ethanol (EEHF), dichloromethane (CFHF), ethyl acetate (EAFHF), butanol (BFHF), and water (WFHF). Treatment with these extracts significantly suppressed terminal differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in a dose-dependent manner as confirmed by a decrease in lipid droplet content through Oil Red O staining; this effect was higher in WFHF than in other extracts. The concentrations of cellular triglyceride were also reduced in 3T3-L1 cells by exposure with these extracts, especially when compared with the controls. Treatment with 200 ${\mu}g/ml$ of WFHF and CFHF caused approximately 42.6% and 23.7% reduction, respectively. In addition, the extracts of H. fusiforme significantly reduced the expression levels of key pro-adipogenic transcription factors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$ ($PPAR{\gamma}$) and CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins ${\alpha}$ (C/$EBP{\alpha}$) and C/$EBP{\beta}$ as compared with controls. Accordingly, our data indicated that WFHF has a preeminent effect on inhibition of adipocyte differentiation among various extracts, and H. fusiforme extracts may be an ideal candidate for obesity relief.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.1428-1435
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• 2013

The aim of this study is to investigate the melanogenic effect of Oenanthe javanica ethanolic extracts (OJE) containing quercetin and kaempferol in melanoma cells (B16F1). In order to determine whether OJE inhibits melanin synthesis at the cellular level, the melanoma cells were cultured in the presence of different concentrations of OJE. In the present study, the antioxidant effects of OJE on DPPH radical scavenging, power reduction, lipid peroxidation, and DNA oxidation were evaluated in a cell free system. Furthermore, the effect of OJE on the production of melanin was determined by dopaquinone (DOPA) assay and tyrosinase activity. In addition, the protein expression of tyrosinase, as well as antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD)-1, SOD-2 and glutathione reductase (GSH), were examined using Western blot analysis. In this study, it was observed that OJE exhibited an inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation and blocked the DNA oxidation induced by the hydroxyl radical produced by Fenton's reagent. OJE increased melanin synthesis above 50 ${\mu}g/ml$ and tyrosinase activity was detected above 50 ${\mu}g/ml$. In Western blot analysis, OJE increased the expression levels of tyrosinase, SOD-1, SOD-2, and GSH in a dose-dependent manner. These findings indicate that OJE with antioxidant activity can regulate the tyrosinase activity and melanin production in melanocyte, suggesting that it could promote the development of black hair as well as protect skin from oxidative stress.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.31-39
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• 2003

The antioxidative activities and biological properties in the EtOAc extracts and purified extracts of Orostachys japonicus were measured by assay of DPPH, xanthine/xanthine oxidase and mammalian cells(2-12). Scavenging of DPPH radical and inhibition of xanthine/xanthine oxidase of EtOAc extracts were showed the highest activity in the arable land and in September. The S-4 fraction showed the highest activity among the silica-gel column chromatography fractions. LH-4 fraction showed higher activity than the other fractionsins in assay of DPPH and xanthine/xanthine oxidase. Fatty acids and phenolic compounds were identified by GC/MS and main compounds were 1,2,3-benzenetriol, alpha-androsta-7,14-diene in LH-4 fraction. The activities of POD and SOD in samples havested on different habitats were high such as arable land> intermountain> seashore. That of POD and SOD in crude extracts of late stage were higher than early stage. Isozyme bands of crude extracts samplinged in all habitats and all growing stages showed two bands and the signal intensity showed strongly according to passage of growing stage. The purified extracts of LH-4 fraction showed excellent inhibition effect in proliferation of HL-60 cells and markedly suppressed colony formation in mouse fibroblast cells. Dose response between partially purified extracts(400ppm) and negative control did not produced statistically significant reduction in colony formation.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.498-504
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• 2014

Allium senescens L. is perennial plant of the Liliaceae family that grows throughout Korea. In this study, we investigated the effect of Allium senescens L. methanol extracts on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and lipid accumulation during adipogenesis. Our results indicated that 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity of Allium senescens L. methanol extracts increased in a dose-dependent manner. Allium senescens L. methanol extracts suppressed ROS production and lipid accumulation during adipogenesis. In addition, Allium senescens L. methanol extracts inhibited the mRNA expression of the pro-oxidant enzyme, such as G6PDH and lead to a reduction in the mRNA levels of the transcription factors, such as sterol regulatory element binding proteins 1c, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$, and CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins ${\alpha}$. These results indicate that Allium senescens L. methanol extracts inhibit adipogenesis by modulating ROS production associated with ROS-regulating genes and directly down-regulating adipogenic transcription factors.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.489-497
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• 2014

We examined the effects of unripe black raspberry water extract (UBR-W) on lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in mice. C57BL/6J mice were divided into 4 groups: those administered a control diet (CTL), high-fat diet (HFD), UBR-W and simvastatin for 12 weeks. In the HFD group, LDL cholesterol were significantly higher than in the CTL group. However, the UBR-W treated group showed dose-dependent reduction of plasma LDL levels. Hepatic total lipid, TC, and malondialdehyde were significantly increased in hyperlipidemic mice. However, supplementation with either UBR-W or simvastatin effectively reduced these lipid profiles and lipid peroxidation. UBR-W increased mRNA expression of the LDL receptor, sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 (SREBP2), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) compared to that observed in the HFD group. In addition, UBR-W and simvastatin showed significantly reduced oxidized LDL uptake by the scavenger receptor CD36. These results suggest that UBR-W is useful for treatment and prevention of hyperlipidemia and lipid peroxidation.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.243-260
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• 2018

A literature review on the effects of high temperature and radiation on radiation shielding concrete in Spent Fuel Dry Storage is presented in this study with a focus on concrete degradation. The general threshold is $95^{\circ}C$ for preventing long-term degradation from high temperature, and it is suggested that the temperature gradient should be less than $60^{\circ}C$ to avoid crack generation in concrete structures. The amount of damage depends on the characteristics of the concrete mixture, and increases with the temperature and exposure time. The tensile strength of concrete is more susceptible than the compressive strength to degradation due to high temperature. Nuclear heating from radiation can be neglected under an incident energy flux density of $10^{10}MeV{\cdot}cm^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$. Neutron radiation of >$10^{19}n{\cdot}cm^{-2}$ or an integrated dose of gamma radiation exceeding $10^{10}$ rads can cause a reduction in the compressive and tensile strengths and the elastic moduli. When concrete is highly irradiated, changes in the mechanical properties are primarily caused by variation in water content resulting from high temperature, volume expansion, and crack generation. It is necessary to fully utilize previous research for effective technology development and licensing of a Korean dry storage system. This study can serve as important baseline data for developing domestic technology with regard to concrete casks of an SF (Spent Fuel) dry storage system.