• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.134-141
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• 2004

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide and a typical hypervascular tumor. Therefore, it is important to find factors related to angiogenesis in the process of HCC malignancy. In order to find angiogenesis-related factors in HCC, we used combined methods of in silico prediction and an experimental assay. We analyzed 1457 genes extracted from cDNA microarray of HCC patients by text-mining, sequence similarity search and domain analysis. As a result, we predicted that 16 genes were likely to be involved in angiogenesis and then the effects of these genes were confirmed by hypoxia response element(HRE)-luciferase assay. For instant, we classified osteopontin into a potent angiogenic factor and coagulation factor XII into a significant anti­angiogenic factor. Collectively, we suggest that using a combination of in silico prediction and experimental approaches, we can identify HCC-specific angiogenesis­related factors effectively and rapidly.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.237-242
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• 2011

As a number of archaea are ubiquitously found in non-extreme habitats, elucidation of their functional roles becomes currently an emerging issue. However, most of them are unable to grow in pure culture and so it remains to be established. In order to find genes lacking in the genome of an ammonia-oxidizing archaeon (AOA), we here report on the comparative analyses of an AOA genome with those of experimentally or theoretically established minimal genomes for independent growth. We assessed the genes lacking in AOA using logic of clusters of orthologous groups (COG), remote homology, consensus sequence weight matrix, function-based motif or domain, and then further excluded genes encoding hypothetical orarchaea-specific proteins. The results of these combination analyses revealed 19 candidate genes lacking in the genome of an AOA. Thus, our results provide a possibility of inducing independent growth of AOA when supplemented with product (s) of the lacking gene (s), and also give a chance for finding new proteins with novel sequence or structure space even if the predicted lacking-genes will be found using another algorithms or biochemical studies.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.83-87
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• 2015

Syndesmos, which is co-localized with syndecan-4 cytoplasmic domain ($Syn4^{cyto}$) in focal contacts, interacts with various cell adhesion adaptor proteins including $Syn4^{cyto}$ to control cell signaling. Syndesmos consists of 211 amino acids and it exists as a dimer (44kDa) in solution. Recently, we have determined the structure of syndesmos by x-ray crystallography, however, dynamics related to syndecan binding still remain elusive. In this report, we performed NMR experiments to acquire biochemical and structural information of syndesmos. Based on a series of three-dimensional triple resonance experiments on a $^{13}C/^{15}N/^2H$ labeled protein, NMR spectra were obtained with well dispersed and homogeneous NMR data. We present the sequence specific backbone assignment of syndesmos and assigned NMR data with combination structural information can be directly used for the studies on interaction with $Syn4^{cyto}$ and other binding molecules.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.209-212
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• 2012

In this paper, we have studied on the optimal design of the optical compensation film for the TN-LCDs. To have wide viewing angle panels, several methods such as multi-domain method, optical path method, and phase compensation method have been proposed. Among these methods, this paper focused on the phase compensation method. In the phase compensation method, the phase retardation generated from the optical birefringence for the off-axis incident is compensated by using optical films with refractive anisotropy. To compensate the phase retardation of the TN-LCDs, we have proposed design concept for the biaxial optical films and analyzed the optical performance for the proposed structures. The calculation of the dynamic motion of the liquid crystals was based on the Ericksen-Leslie theory and the optical performance of the TN-LCD was calculated from the Extended Jones Matrix Method. From the results, we have confirmed that the optical characteristics of the TN-LCDs with the biaxial films have been improved considerably compared with the TN-LCDs compensated by the combination of the uniaxial films.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.81-87
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• 2017

The pipe connection process using a clamping ring is used for joining small pipes in the refrigerator and air-conditioner industries instead of the brazing process, which induces inevitable thermal deformation in the pipes. However, few studies have been carried out on the process to select optimal parameters in joining pipes, and studies on the relation between the process parameters of the connection and connecting force of the joint have not been conducted. In this study, the connection process of pipes with the clamping ring was modeled using the finite element method (FEM) and analyzed to obtain the contact stress distribution between the pipes with which the connecting force of the joint was estimated. Considering the characteristics of pipe connection, the process was modeled and simulated in a two-dimensional axisymmetric solution domain. With the numerical model, the effect of ring shape on the connection was studied by adding a projection to the end of a ring or changing the length of a ring. The results of the analyses revealed that the contact stress distribution could be predicted with the suggested model. The effect of the ring shape was also presented. The effect of any combination of process parameters could be easily estimated through the related analyses.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.236-244
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• 2014

The gene encoding ${\alpha}-\small{L}$-arabinofuranosidase (AFase) from Paenibacillus sp. DG-22 was cloned, sequenced, and expressed in Escherichia coli. The AFase gene (abfA) comprises a 1,509 bp open reading frame encoding 502 amino acids with a molecular mass of 56,520 daltons. The deduced amino acid sequence of the gene shows that AbfA is an enzyme consisting of only a catalytic domain, and that the enzyme has significant similarity to AFases classified into the family 51 of the glycosyl hydrolases. abfA was subcloned into the pQE60 expression vector to fuse it with a six-histidine tag and the recombinant AFase (rAbfA) was purified to homogeneity. The specific activity of the recombinant enzyme was 96.7 U/mg protein. Determination of the apparent molecular mass by gel-filtration chromatography indicated that AbfA has a tetrameric structure. The optimal pH and temperature of the enzyme were 6.0 and $60^{\circ}C$, respectively. The enzyme activity was completely inhibited by 1 mM $HgCl_2$. rAbfA was active only towards p-nitrophephenyl ${\alpha}-\small{L}$-arabinofuranoside and exhibited $K_m$ and $V_{max}$ values of 3.5 mM and 306.1 U/mg, respectively. rAbfA showed a synergistic effect in combination with endoxylanase on the degradation of oat spelt xylan and wheat arabinoxylan.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.11
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• pp.73-85
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to analyze collage of animated film is able to build up total embodiment of thought. Surrealism Collage intend to combination of various characters including new attempts and pluralistic features. In particular, the fantastic, irrational characteristics of expression and extravagant and unfamiliar artistic technique of Surrealism Collage are actively introduced and explored as elements to make new image and suggest the possibility of another reality. This image has been connected Raoul Servais animation film called . The use of this film technique gives a touch that is sensibly different from the digital encrustation technique which justifies it. Representative animator of Surrealism Raoul Servais expands the domain of his own creative works by succeeding to Surrealistic movement.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.17 no.3_4
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• pp.379-391
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• 2004

This paper deals with the development of h-version adaptive mesh refinement and recovery strategy using variable-node elements and its application to various engineering field problems with 2D quadrilateral and 3D hexahedral models. The variable-node elements which have variable mid-side nodes on edges or faces are effectively used in overcoming some problems in connecting the different layer patterns of the transition zone between the refined and coarse mesh. A modified recovery technique of gradients adequate for variable-node elements and proper selection of error norms for each engineering field problems are proposed. In the region in which the error is greater than the permissible refinement error, the mesh is locally refined by subdivision. Reversely, in some parts of the domain having the error smaller than the permissible recovery error, the mesh is locally recovered (coarsened) by combination. Hierarchical structures (e.g. quadtrees and octrees) and element-based storage structures are composed to perform this adaptive process of refinement and recovery. Some numerical examples of a 3D heat conduction analysis of the concrete with hydration heat and a 2D flow analysis of vortex shedding show effectiveness and validity of the proposed scheme.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.1486-1498
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• 2009

Modem efforts on digitizing electronic books focus on preserving authentic image representation of the original sources. Unlike the text-based format, it is difficult to recognize the information in the image, so the new format requires new tools to help users to access, process, and make sense of digital information. This paper presents an approach which assists users of these image sources by giving them a combination of annotation and social navigation support. Especially in the education domain, the proposed technique improves the usability of online education system. This approach is currently fully implemented and under evaluation in a classroom study.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.11D no.7 s.96
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• pp.1477-1482
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• 2004

Software development process consists of five phases : requirement, analysis, design, implementation and testing. There is almost always a gap between the system design and implementation stages, caused by a combination of the difficulty of programming and frequent changes on the system design. The goal of this paper is to reduce the gap between system design and implementation, and we design a tool producing a application program by recognizing business logic for a more rapid and flexible developing of software. The core idea of Application Program Generator is : firstly, to recognize that business application in the same domain share business logic and presentation logic : secondly, to treat system design as persistent meta-data ; thirdly, to use the persistent meta-data to build or customize applications as required.