• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.70-78
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• 2020

Nitrox diving was introduced by the NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) to increase the oxygen content and lower the nitrogen content in respiratory gases. The commercial diving sector specializing in underwater operations has recently introduced regulations on the use of Nitrox. Because the respiratory gas for Nitrox diving has a lower nitrogen content than the normal air, the amount of nitrogen dissolved in the body is small, which not only significantly reduces the decompression time compared to air diving, but also reduces the chance of exposure to decompression sickness. In this study, we applied the VPM (Varying Permeability Model) algorithm to virtual diving with air and Nitrox as a respiratory gas, respectively, to study the optimal Nitrox diving for the safety at the underwater works. The results showed that Nitrox diving had a longer NDL (No-Decompression Limit), a much shorter depression time. In other words, Nitrox diving in underwater works is safer from decompression sickness than commonly used air diving.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.856-860
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• 2011

The standard and code of safety for diving systems include requirements in the area of diving plant, personnel qualification, diving medicine and operation. In this study the necessity of Korean standard and code of safety for diving system is suggested through the review and comparison of the diving system regulations of domestic as well as foreign governments and other private organizations. Furthermore, by reviewing the status of oversea's diving organizations the proposition was made which can lead the commercial diving sector to international cooperation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.103-110
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• 2019

Underwater works are indispensable in the coastal and ocean engineering fields, and the reliance on manpower is higher than land works. Divers who work for a long time in a high-pressure underwater environment are always exposed to the risks of diving-related diseases. To prevent them, proper planning, operation, and management of diving by a supervisor with professional diving knowledge are required. This study provides the basic data for supervisors to plan, operate, and manage air diving for safe and efficient work in underwater construction sites. It is well-known that air diving simulations using the varying permeability model (VPM) require a longer decompression time as the water depth and the residence time in water increase. Therefore, it is crucial to have a proper surface interval through repetitive diving rather than single diving to improve the safety of the divers and the efficiency of underwater work. Furthermore, coastal and ocean engineers who manage and supervise underwater construction work must acquire expert knowledge on diving before they can plan, operate, and manage diving.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1216-1226
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• 2015

This study aimed to suggest education direction for diving safety through investigating actual condition to diving safety before and during scuba diving. The study subjects were 227 scuba divers. Data were collected from September 21, 2012 to August 16, 2013. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0. The results were as follows. Many higher level divers didn't obey regulations: 'alcohol drinking', 'warming-up exercise', 'to dive even when he/she suffers from respiratory disease' before scuba diving. Many lower level divers didn't obey regulations: 'to stop diving under abnormal physical condition', 'to do safety stop during ascending time', 'to check during ascending time', 'to know ascending and descending speed per minute', 'to use an alpha flag or buoy' during scuba diving. In conclusion, it is necessary to implement a discriminative safety education and to check actual condition to diving safety periodically in consideration of duration and level of diving.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.136-145
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• 2015

A large number of divers that are engaged in a diving apparatus fishery (DAF) have been experienced a decompression sickness. This study has two purposes. One is measurement of the diving patterns and respiration rate. The other one is to research the institutional improvement plan of the DAF. In the experiments, the diving depth, the diving time, the total ascent time and the ascent rate were about 12.4 m, 22 min, 28 s and 28.1 m/min, respectively, in Tongyeong. In the case of Geoje the diving depth, the diving time, the total ascent time and the ascent rate were about 20 m, 64 min, 17 min and 1.3 m/min, respectively. In a questionnaire survey, the diving depth was 20~29 m (56.4%) in Tongyeong and Geoje, the diving time was 50~59 min (42.9%) in Tongyeong and 70~79 min (35%) in Geoje and all of the divers experienced decompression sickness. In the investigation related to a institutional issue, both of the diving apparatus fisheries had adopted the share system. And the laws and the system for the safety of the divers were not enough in Korea. This study suggests that the license and the diving time for diver of the DAF are needed and diver protection for decompression sickness is needed in the law. And the wage payments should change from full sharing to partial sharing included a regular pay to enhance the safety of the divers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.47-56
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• 2020

This study analyzed the recreational scuba diving regulations in Korea and other foreign countries and it proposes five changes to improve the Act On The Safety, Promotion, Etc. Of Underwater Leisure Activities in Korea. First, "recreational underwater activity participant" should be modified to refer to 'an individual or group of individuals entering into a contract with a recreational underwater activity businessperson for their own use'. Second, the person setting up the recreational underwater activity zone should be expanded to 'recreational underwater activity businessperson and/or recreational underwater activity participant'. Third, since recreational technical diving uses nitrox or mixed gas, a clause should be added that a sticker or band clearly indicating the type of gas should be attached. Fourth, a Surface Marker Buoy (SMB) should be added to the diving equipment, and the daily management and maintenance of cylinders should be specified in detail. Fifth, it is necessary to specify in the Act that recreational underwater activity participants are encouraged to purchase diving insurance for their own use. In addition, for the safety of underwater activity participants, the Act must specifically state the emergency procedures and diving guidelines of a recreational underwater activity businessperson.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.790-797
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• 2015

This study tried to evaluate the safety and economical benefit of Nitrox-diving by comparing with Air diving. We used actual diving data which was recorded in construction site of the Busan-Geoje fixed link immersed tunnel in 2010. The study method was to assort and analyze the diving data by divers, depth, breathing air, and diving table. Furthermore, the study examined the possibility of outbreak decompression sickness by comparing Nitrox diving and Air diving in no-decompression limit time, decompression time, working time. As a result, this study confirms that if certain diver breathe Nitrox for diving and oxygen for decompression, not only the risk of decompression sickness could be minimized, but also duration of decompression could be shortened. Moreover, it was estimated that a remarkable difference(more than 3 times) between actual duration of underwater construction period and virtual construction period by using air. As a result, the study confirmed that Nitrox diving is more efficient and economical than Air diving in physically limited and hazardous diving environment.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.239-249
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• 2022

This study aims to analyze and compare the activating factors of domestic and overseas scuba diving resorts. Our delphi survey was conducted three times in 30 experts who involved in operation and management including scuba diving resort management representative and training team leader. As a result of comparing the activating factors at domestic versus overseas, it was found that common important activating factors included expansion of convenient facilities at public diving places, installation of safety and medical facilities for divers, development of first aid system including AED and oxygen ventilator, requirement of convenient facilities such as water lift and toilet in diving boat, installation of diving boat screw safety system, local boat operation guideline, regular course training program for scuba diving, employment of professional scuba diving instructor and guide, communication and promotion through various SNS portals, promotion by divers' word of mouth, involvement in regional Diving Resort Association, involvement in Korean Diving Association, communication and mutual benefit with local fishing villages, and linkage policy with local tourism industry.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2017.04a
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• pp.169-169
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• 2017

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.143-149
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• 2009

The marine leisure activities are specially increasing among the other leisure activities due to the improving of people's life quality and formation of people's values which pursuit the various life styles with the development of economy and society and operation the system of five working days per week. Among the various marine leisure activities, skin scuba diving is the mast prevalent activity, even though it doesn't have proper legal system in relation to the safety of the activity. Thus, this paper studies the various legal issues in relation to skin scuba diving to improve the safety and activation of the activity, and identifies the problems and proposes the ways of improving it.