• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2013

Walking is one of human functions and has been the base of the development of human civilization. Walking ability had made the first village and urban pattern of the mankind. Cities had been constructed for pedestrian's convenience and happy life. But conventional cities have been crowded by the rapid increasing vehicles and population since material civilization had developed. On the other hand, pedestrian space has been neglected urban districts. Chose this study to suggest a direction for improvement by following the direction of the city characteristics and roadside pedestrian space. 1. Investigate the relationship and the significance and problems of pedestrian space by finding survey of the literature and discussion with those that affect the behavior of the pedestrian environment around. 2. For a comfortable pedestrian space on the improvement of the pedestrian area of space (physical and psychological) and gait characteristics, service levels and basic data. 3. Chose how to extract the most appropriate of the best alternatives presented several proposals based on the above survey of the literature data and field survey.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.25
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• pp.87-108
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• 2011

Published comics are widely recognized as a popularity-gaining media as well as Soap opera and the movies, and it also has a established characteristic of category. However, compare to the multimedia such as the movies, soap opera and playes, the research on direction is not yet satisfactory This research mainly tries to investigate on, first, whether the theoretically classified functions do actually practice their parts or not, and else, what other additional functions should be considered, by classifying the set up of basic direction functions, angles and range, which the most-cited angle and distance notion of 'Ahn Su Cheol' in comic education field. First, although we tried to approach with the expectation of angle and distance set up that will have a high frequency of certain set ups according to the atmospheres of comics of genre, unlike the expectation, they are rather displayed depending on the personal taste of the writers. The functional aspects of angles and distance set up are the fixing that are only limited in the space of representation, and it is the set up of physical space that should come first as the function of expressing the intensity. As we investigate the characteristics of comic direction, this research will help the range of comic direction to be broadened.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.3-11
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• 2017

The appropriate area for human's most basic living space is an important factor. Therefore, the 'minimum housing standard' is a very important factor to ensure a minimum quality of living space for human life. In Korea, however, the importance of the 'minimum housing standard' has been neglected for about 20 years. Even in Korea, the 'minimum housing standard' has become an nominal existence. In other countries, studies have long been conducted on the minimum housing standards, but studies have shown that studies on the minimum housing standard are not actively occurring in Korea. The purpose of this study is to diagnose the current status of the 'minimum housing standard' in Korea and to explore the direction of future research. The study included a total of 29 researches commissioned by the Korea Academic Research Institute (KCI). To ensure the objectivity and reliability of the analysis, analyzed year of research, field of research, method of research, contents of research. Through this study, it is possible to grasp the tendency of previous studies on 'minimum housing standard' in Korea and it is meaningful to increase the usability of 'minimum housing standard' in residential planning. It is also expected that future research on 'minimum housing standards' will be able to present the direction of the field to be developed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.87-95
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is presentation of architectural planning direction and program space of youth training center. For this goal, surveyed the characteristics of youth and local residents who the main user of the center Through this survey, it could be accommodated about the needs of youth training facilities and seek user-centered planning methodologies. To this end, this study conducted a survey of users of youth training facilities in Cheonan-si to suggest the importance of architectural planning direction and space to reflect users' needs and regional characteristics. In the process, this study conducted a consciousness survey and importance influence factors assessment focused on commonalities and differences between youth and adult groups, which are the main user groups of youth training facilities. It is believed that the results of consciousness survey and importance influence factors assessment will be used as basic data to select the scale and programs of space that reflect the needs of users when planning youth facilities and related facilities in the future.

• Journal of Popular Narrative
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.221-247
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• 2020

This paper examines the meaning of Pyeongsari, the main stage of the novel 'Toji (Land )' and the original experience space engraved in the lives of the characters and suggests the direction of Pyeongsari as a 'Toji (Land )' content platform. Pyeongsa-ri, an imaginary space in the novel, starts from the background of the original work and turns into a representative tourist space for Ha Dong-gun. However, it is necessary to provide cultural experience-type contents that visitors can experience in person. In the original work, Pyeongsari is an ideal community and a symbol of the Korean modern history of suffering and pioneering. Therefore, taking advantage of this meaning, it is necessary to prepare a cultural experience space that shows Confucian culture, women's labor culture, and shamanic culture to draw on visitors' experiences. In addition, the app should be developed in connection with transformed works that have been the driving force behind the reorganization of Pyeongsari, and education and experience spaces using augmented reality are provided on the web. This interaction between digital and reality makes the meaning of the original or transformed works contemporaneous, while contributing to the visitor's own experience. In addition, through this, Pyeongsari can evolve into a cultural experience content platform that reflects the meaning of Korean culture and life. This paper is significant in that it suggests the direction of Pyeongsari's space planning for the 'geography of meaningful places'. In addition, while showing how the imaginary space of the original literary work has reorganized the space of reality, there are implications for the media content of the literary work and the terrain of the culture and arts industry.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.21-32
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• 2019

In this study, we the characteristics of the spatial layout have been analyzed focusing on the case of compulsory schools, which are the forms of elementary and middle integrated schools in Japan. Thus, according to the development stage of the elementary·middle students, we derived the characteristics of the space structure and layout of the classrooms of each class. and derived spatial arrangement of private and shared space of elementary and middle integrated schools. In addition, we analyzed the characteristics of subject classroom collaboration by beginner, intermediate and advanced level, derived a desirable subject classroom placement plan, and suggested the basic direction of Korean elementary and middle integrated schools focusing on the direction of space layout composition.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.199-208
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• 2008

In this paper, to analyze the initial valued non-homogeneous elastic half space by the scaled boundary analysis, the infinite element approach was introduced. The free surface of the initial valued non-homogeneous elastic half space was modeled as a circumferential direction of boundary scaled boundary coordinate. The infinite element was used to represent the infinite length of the free surface. The initial value of material property(elastic modulus) was considered by the combination of the position of the scaling center and the power function of the radial direction. By use of the mapping type infinite element, the consistent elements formulation could be available. The performance and the feasibility of proposed approach are examined by two numerical examples.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.73-80
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to present the direction of the plan to transform the residential complex into a space that can provide an open residential environment that can lead to social communication and exchange without being closed to the urban residential environment, especially in the apartment complex environment, which is becoming more dense. As a result of the Openness analysis of the 'Codan Shinonome Canal Court', the overall accessibility was good in terms of space utilization, and the openness was low in terms of the spatial composition, which is a physical environment due to the dense block type. When looking at the overall openness of the Codan Sinonome complex in terms of analysis by block, the corrected openness index (C.O.I) for all six blocks was 0.245, the corrected accessibility index (C.A.I) was 1.447 and the openness composite index (O.C.I) was assessed at 1.692. This was due to the formation of high-density block-type urban dwellings and the introduction of S-shaped streets and the layout of low-rise urban support facilities and commercial facilities. The Codan Sinonome Canal Court, which is considered an "open city residence," quantitatively confirmed that it embodies macro-space structure and human-scale space environment even in high-precision environments.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.59-64
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• 2016

In this study, we investigate the kinetic properties of magnetic decreases observed in the solar wind at ~1 AU using the Cluster observations. We study two different magnetic decreases: one with a short observation duration of ~2.5 minutes and stable structure and the other with a longer observation duration of ~40 minutes and some fluctuations and substructures. Despite the contrast in durations and magnetic structures, the velocity space distributions of ions are similar in both events. The velocity space distribution becomes more anisotropic along the direction parallel to the magnetic field, which differs from observations obtained at high heliographic latitudes. On the other hand, electrons show different features from the ions. The core component of the electrons shows similar anisotropy to the ions, though the anisotropy is much weaker. However, while ions are heated in the magnetic decreases, the core electrons are slightly cooled, especially in the perpendicular direction. The halo component does not change much in the magnetic decreases from the ambient solar wind. The strahl component is observed only in one of the magnetic decreases. The results imply that the ions and electrons in the magnetic decreases can behave differently, which should be considered for the formation mechanism of the magnetic decreases.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 2010

In processing space geodetic data, mapping functions are used to convert the tropospheric signal delay along the zenith direction to the line of sight direction. In this study, we compared three mapping functions by evaluating their effects on the tropospheric signal delay and position estimates in GPS data processing. The three mapping functions tested are Niell Mapping Function (NMF), Vienna Mapping Function 1 (VMF1), and Global Mapping Function (GMF). The tropospheric delay and height estimates from VMF1 and GMF are compared with the ones obtained with NMF. The differences among mapping functions show annual signals with the maximum occurring in February or August. To quantitatively estimate the discrepancies among mapping functions, we calculated the maximum difference and the amplitude using a curve fitting technique. Both the maximum difference and amplitude have high correlations with the latitude of the site. Also, the smallest difference was found around $30^{\circ}N$ and the amplitudes increase toward higher latitudes. In the height estimates, the choice of mapping function did not significantly affect the vertical velocity estimate, and the precision of height estimates was improved at most of the sites when VMF1 or GMF was used instead of NMF.