• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.321-334
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• 2003

This study is aimed at the effective measurement plan of discontinuity orientation on rock mass. The discontinuity orientation is expressed as three methods. strike/dip. dipdirection/dip (a three digit number / a two digit number) and right hand rule. Generally, strike/dip is measured with clinometer. and dipdirection/dip with silva compass(type15). A sign of strike/dip. discontinuity orientation is used to geological survey. and dipdirection/dip to engineering. Dipdirection/dip converted by strike/dip measured with clinometer is useful on the statistical analysis of a lot of data. To measure the azimuth of the dip with clinometer and to change strike/dip to dipdirection/dip may have potential errors in each person. The newly designed apparatus, clinometer equipped by a rotational azimuth plate and an arrow to measuring strike and dipdirection, has been developed to measure effectively the discontinuity orientation with two method (strike/dip and dipdirection/dip). The measuring method of discontinuity orientation with clinometer having newly designed apparatus is effective one for accurate measurement of strike as well as dipdirection which is degrees counted clockwise from true north. Used by clinometer with newly designed apparatus, concurrent measuring strike/dip and dipdirecton/dip of discontinuity is possible. In application to measuring discontinuity orientation on rock slope, it has been recognized that the newly designed method, unambiguously, led to drop measuring errors comparing with existing measuring apparatuses. Therefore, it is considered that measuring method of discontinuity orientation (strike/dip and dipdirecton/dip) by the newly designed apparatus is useful to one in geological engineering investigation of road design, and to unskilled investigator.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.885-892
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• 2017

We estimated the limiting nutrient and DIP limiting history based on alkaline phosphatase (APase) activity during the spring of 2017 in the Southern Sea, Korea. In the frontal area, concentration of dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP), dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN): DIP ratio and Chlorophyll a (Chl-a) were < $0.2{\mu}M$, 23.2 and $2.2{\mu}g/L$, respectively, indicating high productivity despite DIP limiting. The relationship between APase and DIP indicates that the study area had limited DIP because of a strongly reverse correlation (r= -0.81; P<0.001). Relationship between APase and Chl-a (r=0.61, p<0.001) also indicated that APase may have been induced by phytoplankton (ca. 60 %) and bacteria (ca. 40 %). In DIP limiting history in this study area, frontal area and non-frontal areas might have induced long-term DIP limitation and the recent relief from DIP-limitation, respectively, based on distributions of dissolved APase and particulate APase. Thus, these results suggest that by measuring the enzyme that hydrolyzes organic matter such as APase in frontal area, it is possible to estimate temporal and spatial characteristics of limiting nutrient, thereby improving our understanding of biogeochemistry cycles.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.332-345
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• 2019

Maximum dip vector of individual joint plane, which can be uniquely defined on the hemispherical projection plane, has been established by considering its dip and dip direction. A new stereographic projection method for the rock slope analysis which employs the maximum dip vector can intuitively predict the failure modes of rock slope. Since the maximum dip vector is uniquely projected on the maximum dip point of the great circle, the sliding direction of discontinuity plane can be recognized directly. By utilizing the maximum dip vector of discontinuity both the plane sliding and toppling directions of corresponding blocks can be discerned intuitively. Especially, by allocating the area of high dip maximum dip vector which can form the flanks of sliding block the potentiality for the formation of virtual sliding block has been estimated. Also, the potentiality of forming the triangular-sectioned sliding block has been determined by considering the dip angle of joint plane the dip direction of which is nearly opposite to that of the slope face. Safety factors of the different-shaped blocks of triangular section has been estimated and compared to the safety factor of the most hazardous block of rectangular section. For the wedge analysis the direction of crossline of two intersecting joint planes, which has same attribute of the maximum dip vector, is used so that wedge failures zone can be superimposed on the stereographic projection surface in which plane and toppling failure areas are already lineated. In addition the maximum dip vector zone of wedge top face has been delineated to extract the wedge top face-forming joint planes the orientation of which provides the vital information for the analysis of mechanical behavior of wedge block.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.11
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• pp.1-9
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• 1993

This study was carried out to investigate the wire retention on newsprint process mainly composed of Groundwood Pulp(GP) and Deinked Pulp(DIP) with change of stock mixture ratio according to variation of stock temperature, stock pH, rosin and alum amount. The obtained results were summarized as follows 1. The wire retention was decreased continuously with increasing of stock temperature regardless of stock type. The retention of DIP stock was more rapidly decreased than GP stock. 2. Maximum retention was obtained at pH 5. The retention of GP stock was more rapidly decreased below or over pH 5 in comparison with DIP. 3. Maximum retention was obtained at 2% alum level on GP and GP/DIP=50/50, but 3% alum level in case of DIP. 4. Higher retention efficiency was obtained in case of adding alum after using 1% rosin in comparison with alum only. 5. The retention was mainly affected by fiber flocculation.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.101-105
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• 2001

It was measured the transmittance and the reflectance by tie dip method using the UV cut lens' UV solution. The half point and the edge wavelength of the transmittance were wry well applied to the eqution of a dip time dependence. $$W=W_0+A_1{e}{x}{p}[-(x-x_1)/t_1]$$ The half point wavelength of the transmittance shifted from 358 nm to 408 nm and the edge wavelength moved from 340 nm to 398 nm. The more dip time had long the less intensity of main reflectance peak-380 nm was small and shifted to long wavelength regions. And the component peak of UV solution began to show in dip time-10 min.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.177-183
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• 2010

Overhead transmission lines in domestic area have been built by several different design standards of dip and ground clearance. This paper describes an experimental study for evaluating load capacity and dip margin in overhead transmission lines. Such design standards for selection of overhead transmission conductors, dip and ground clearance, as well as electrical equipment technical standard are discussed. Based on daily load and weather data, several characteristics such as line utilization factor, load factor, conductor temperature and dip, etc. are analyzed, and compared with the specified levels of design standards. As a result, it is verified that DLR method can be a clue of the solving of the problem, for occurring in old transmission conductors which may be rarely operating below standards.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.325-333
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• 2004

It is investigated that the relation between the response time of DVR(Dynamic Voltage Restorer) and the possible compensation range of voltage dip by the DVR system which protects the 3-phase phase-controlled rectifier from voltage dip. As a result, the permissible range of voltage dip is presented in the 3-phase phase-controlled rectifier, and it is presented that the range of voltage dip which can be compensated according to the DVR s response time. when the DVR compensates voltage dip, Using the proposed method, the DVR s response time can be determined from the parameters of 3-phase phase-controlled rectifier and the possible compensation range of voltage dip, and it is possible to use the control system which have an appropriate speed. Therefore, the use of excessively fast device can be avoided, and the stability of the overall system is improved. Also the reliance of DVR about the 3-phase phase-controlled rectifier can be verified.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.171-180
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• 2002

The temporal and spatial distributions of phosphorus have been investigated in the Gomso Bay, Korea. TP, PIP, TOP and DIP in sediment were found 548.8mg P kg$^{-1}$ , 426.1mg P kg$^{-1}$ , 122.6mg P kg$^{-1}$ , and 0.217mg P kg$^{-1}$ , respectively with a decreasing order of PIP>TOP>DIP. Any temporal or spatial trend has not been found on the distribution of TP in the sediment, except the high TP values near the mouth of Julpo-chun. We found seasonal patterns high TOP(28.90% of TP) and low TIP(71.10% of TP) in August, but low TOP(15.63% of TP) and high TIP(84.38% of TP) in November. There were three times higher DIP concentration in August than in November. Such case is probably not only due to the enhanced supply of DIP directly from the decomposition of organic matter from overlying water in summer, but also the released phosphate from the adsorbed particulate matter such as PIP under the low pH and Eh conditions at the subsurface layers of the sediment induced by the active microbial respiration of increased organic materials in summer. Primarily, the source of phosphorous from municipal sewage strongly influenced the early stage of the distribution of all the phosphorous in the Gomso tidal flat. Notwithstanding, through the processes of diagenesis in sediment, water temperature and organic contents probably functioned as the key parameters to control the temporal distributions of TOP, TIP and DIP in the Gomso tidal flat.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2003.04c
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• pp.199-201
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• 2003

MPEG-21 환경에서의 DI(Digital Item)은 MPEG-21 프레임워크 내에서 표준화된 표현 형식, 식별 체계, 서술 형식을 따르는 구조화된 디지털 객체이며, 유통, 처리의 최소 단위이다 따라서. 이러한 DI가 MPEG-21 멀티미디어 프레임워크 환경에서 사용자 터미널에 전달되었을 때 어떻게 처리되어야 될 것인지를 규정하는 것은 매우 중요한 과제이며. 이와 관련한 기술이 DIP(Digital Item Processing)이다. 본 논문에서는 DIP의 한 응용 예로서 멀티미디어 콘텐츠를 계층적으로 기술하는 Video Summary의 응용 방안에 대한 연구 결과를 제시하고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.10 no.2 s.21
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• pp.69-79
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• 2004

This study focuses on the relationship between pollution factors around Masan, Changwon and Chinhae city considerd as main pollution sources and marine environment in Masan bay of Korea. Water quality data measured In Jinhae bay and environmental investigation data in Masan, Changwon and Jinhae cities from 1981 to 1998 were used for this study. Annual means and standard deviations of COD, DIN and DIP concentrations from 1981 to 1998 showed that both their concentration and fluctuations were higher in the inner part of Masan bay (region A) than near Somodo (region B). Sediment dredging in Masan bay had been done from 1990 to 1994. After dredging, COD concentration has been decreasing In surface layer. Also water pollution was gradually spreaded from the inner part to the outer part of the bay due to the continuous inflow of domestic sewage and industrial wastewater. In the late of 1990s, the pollution was heavier. DIN and DIP concentrations were found to be increased by establishment of industry complex and decreased by sewage treatment plant near the city adjacent to Jinhae bay, 1993. The correlation between COD, DIN and DIP changes and neighbor cities' pollution sources were calculated From 1981 to 1998, correlation coefficient (r) was over 0.8 except for the bottom of region A From 1981 to 1998, r between the DIP concentration and population was over 0.65 except for the surface of region A, and the r between the DIP and the number of factories was over 0.6 too, in region B.