• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.221-226
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• 2015

The natural projection of a parameter lower (upper) distribution set for a self-similar measure on a self-similar set satisfying the open set condition is the cylindrical lower or upper local dimension set for the Legendre self-similarmeasure which is derived from the self-similar measure and the self-similar set.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제57권6호
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• pp.1389-1406
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• 2020

Let Λ be an Artin algebra and mod Λ the category of finitely generated right Λ-modules. We prove that the radical layer length of Λ is an upper bound for the radical layer length of mod Λ. We give an upper bound for the extension dimension of mod Λ in terms of the injective dimension of a certain class of simple right Λ-modules and the radical layer length of DΛ.

• 호남수학학술지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.137-146
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• 2008

Many fractal objects observed in reality are characterized by some irregularities or complexities in their features. These properties can be measured and analyzed by means of fractal dimension. However, in many cases, the calculation of this value may not be so easy to utilize in applications. In this respect, we have treated a formal method to estimate the dimension of fractal curves.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.377-387
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• 2008

We consider associative ring R (not necessarily commutative). In this paper the concepts: zero square ring of type-1/type-2, zero square ideal of type-1/type-2, zero square dimension of a ring R were introduced and obtained several important results. Finally, some relations between the zero square dimension of the direct sum of finite number of rings; and the sum of the zero square dimension of individual rings; were obtained. Necessary examples were provided.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.1041-1052
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• 2010

In this paper, strongly cotorsion (torsion-free) modules are studied and strongly cotorsion (torsion-free) dimension is introduced. It is shown that every module has a special $\mathcal{SC}_n$-preenvelope and an ST $\mathcal{F}_n$-cover for any $n\;{\in}\;\mathbb{N}$ based on some results of cotorsion pairs from [9]. Some characterizations of strongly cotorsion (torsion-free) dimension of a module are given.

• 충청수학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.157-163
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• 2008

We study essentially disjoint one dimensionally indexed classes whose members are distribution sets of a self-similar Cantor set. The Hausdorff dimension of the union of distribution sets in a same class does not increases the Hausdorff dimension of the characteristic distribution set in the class. Further we study the Hausdorff dimension of some uncountable union of distribution sets.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.85-94
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• 1998

The purpose of this paper is to give sample characterizations of n-dimensional CR-submanifolds of (n-1) CR-semifolds of (n-1) CR-dimension immersed in a complex projective space $CP^{(n+p)/2}$ with Fubini-Study metric and we study an n-dimensional compact, orientable, minimal CR-submanifold of (n-1) CR-dimension in $CP^{(n+p)/2}$.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.59-69
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• 2024

Let R be a commutative ring. An R-module E is said to be regular injective provided that Ext¹_R(R/I, E) = 0 for any regular ideal I of R. We first show that the class of regular injective modules have the hereditary property, and then introduce and study the regular injective dimension of modules and regular global dimension of rings. Finally, we give some homological characterizations of total rings of quotients and Dedekind rings.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.293-309
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to compare the level of health-related quality of life and relating factor between institutional elderly and community living elderly. The subjects were 390 from Sanatorium or Nursing home and 467 from the community in Kwangju. The results are followed : 1) A comparison of ADL between two groups, institutional elderly and community living elderly, resulted in that community elderly were more significantly independent in the areas of bathing and transfer than institutional elderly. 2) A comparison of IADL between two groups resulted in that : Community elderly were more independent in the areas of using telephone and transportation, food preparation, house keeping, and doing laundry. Institutional elderly were more independent in the area of handling finances. 3) In the case of poor health-related quality of life, institutional elderly showed 2.4 times in the dimension of physical fitness, 1.8 times in daily activity, 2 times in social activity, 2 times in pain, 26.7 times in social support, and 0.4 times in subjective quality of life higher than community elderly There was no significant differences in the rest of dimensions. 4) In institutional elderly, the analysis of variables related to the health-related quality of life resulted in that; The relating factors were sex, education, and chronic illness in the dimension of physical function. Direct contact with family or significant others in the dimension of social activity. Chronic illness in the dimension of pain and perceived health status. Direct or indirect contact with family or significant others over the phone or through letters in the dimension of social support. 5) The analysis of variables related to the health-related quality of life showed that community elderly has more relating variables in each area than institutional elderly. The relating factors were age, sex, and chronic illness in the dimension of physical function. Education and chronic illness in the dimension of emotional status. Age and chronic illness in the dimension of daily activity and social activity Education and chronic illness in the dimension of pain and perceived health status. Sex, education, family size in the dimension of social support. Education and chronic illness in the dimension of subjective quality-of-life. Throughout general daily activity, community elderly showed more satisfactory results than institutional elderly, but in the subjective area of health-related quality of life, such as subjective quality of life, institutional elderly group showed more positive results. And community elderly had more relating factors than institutional elderly. For the health care of the elderly that focused on quality of life, new approaches considering the characteristics of both group, institutional and community living elderly, are needed.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.669-685
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• 1997

The present study was performed to evaluate the effects of xylazine and tiletamine + zolazepam on echocardiograms before and after experimental myocardial infarctions in clinically normal dogs taken preliminary examinations related to cardiac function. The results are as follows. With xylazine administration, left ventricle end-diastolic dimension, left ventricle end-systolic dimension, left atrium/aorta, ejection time and velocity of circumferential fiber shortening increased and mitral valve CD slope, % delta D decreased(p<0.01). In tiletamine+zolazepam administered group, interventricular septum amplitude(p<0.01), mitral valve DE slope(p<0.05) and ejection time(p<0.01) decreased and left atrium/aorta, ejection time also decreased compared with xylazine group(p<0.01). In 48 hours after experimental myocardial infarction group, anterior aortic wall amplitude decreased compared with control, xylazine, tiletamine + zolazepam group, respectively(p<0.01). Posterior aortic wall amplitude decreased compared with control(p<0.01). Left ventricle end systolic dimension increased compared with control and tiletamine + zolazepam group, respectively(p<0.01). Left ventricular posterior wall end systolic dimension decreased compared with control(p<0.01). Left ventricular posterior wall amplitude decreased compared with control and tiletamine+zolazepam group(p<0.01). Left atrium/aorta decreased compared with xylazine group(p<0.01). % thickening left ventricular posterior wall decreased compared with control(p<0.05). % delta D decreased compared with control and tiletamine+zolazepam group(p<0.01). Ejection time decreased compared with xylazine(p<0.01). Velocity of circumferential fiber shortening increased compared with control and tiletamine + zolazepam group(p<0.01). With xylazine administration 48 hours after experimental myocardial infarction, anterior aortic wall amplitude, posterior aortic wall amplitude decreased compared with control(p<0.01). Left ventricle end-diastolic dimension increased compared with control(p<0.01). Left ventricle end-systolic dimension increased compared with control and tiletamine + zolazepam group, respectively(p<0.01). Left ventricular posterior wall end-systolic dimension and left ventricular posterior wall end-diastolic dimension decreased compared with control(p<0.01). Left atrium/aorta decreased compared with xylazine group(p<0.01). % thickening left ventricular posterior. wall(p<0.05) and % delta D(p<0.01) decreased compared with control. Velocity of circumferential fiber shortening increased compared with tiletamine + zolazepam group(p<0.01). With tiletamine + zolazepam administration 48 hours after experimental myocardial infarction, anterior aortic wall amplitude decreased compared with control, xylazine and tiletamine+zolazepam group, respectively(p<0.01). Posterior aortic wall amplitude decreased compared with control(p<0.01). Left ventricle end-systolic dimension increased compared with control and tiletamine+zolazepam group(p<0.01). Left ventricular posterior wall end-systolic dimension, left ventricular posterior wall end-diastolic dimension and interventricular septum amplitude decreased compared with control(p<0.01). Left atrium/aorta decreased compared with xylazine group(p<0.01). % delta D decreased compared with control and tiletamine + zolazepam group(p<0.01). Ejection time decreased compared with xylazine group and velocity of circumferential fiber shortening increased compared withtiletamine+zolazepam group(p<0.01). Conclusively, echocardiography was proved to be a useful, diagnostic, non-invasive and simple method for establishing the diagnosis of myocardial infarction and evaluating the effects of drug on cardiac function before and after myocardial infarction.