• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.413-421
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• 2012

The main purpose of this study is to present practical data for the development of the health enhancing programs for the dental hygiene students. This data is based on the investigation of the psychosomatic self-reported symptoms of the dental hygiene students. Out of the random selection of the current dental hygiene students in Gyeonggi-do and Gangwon-do districts. We conducted a survey and analyzed the collected data from 432 respondents. The results are as follows: 1. The mental appeals (19.37) were higher then the physical appeals (17.53) and of the items in psychosomatic symptoms, the point of mental instability the highest (21.85); whereas, that of mouth and anal scored the lowest (14.59). 2. In terms of the religion, statistical significance was shown among physical appeals (p<.01), mental appeals (p<.05), multiple subjective symptom (p<.01), digestive organs (p<.01), aggressiveness (p<.01), nervousness (p<.01), and eye and skin (p<.05), mental instability (p<.05). 3. Concerning the living conditions, Statistical significance was found on the items such as physical appeals (p<.05), mental appeals (p<.01), depression (p<.001), irregular and life (p<.001), multiple subjective symptom (p<.01), lie scale (p<.01) and mouth and anal (p<.05), digestive organs (p<.05). 4. As for regular health check-ups, statistical significance was shown in the following items such as mental appeals (p<.05), depression (p<.01), multiple subjective symptom (p<.05), mental instability (p<.05).

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2006

The tryptic enzyme activities from hepatopancreas, foregut, midgut and feces were examined to optimize the feeding method in whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. The highest tryptic enzyme activity was found in hepatopancreas. The enzyme activities of hepatopancreas were 4 times higher than those of foregut per mg dry weight at 30 minutes feeding. Post feeding period, the activities of hepatopancreas increased continuously up to 30 hours after feeding. Trypsin activities of foregut showed about 3 times higher than did those of midgut. Average activity of foregut reached the pick with $303{\pm}68\;(mean{\pm}SE)$ nmol/mg/min at two hours after feeding and kept the activity up to 4 hours after feeding and thereafter the activity decreased. Average tryptic enzyme activity of midgut increased to $96{\pm}26nmol/mg/min$ up to two hours after feeding and it decreased to $52{\pm}17nmol/mg/min$ at five hours after feeding eventhough the gastric evacuation rate was still 50% by then. Foregut clearance occurred in 30 minutes after feeding and midgut weight increased up to 2 hours after feeding. Also we found that the maximal food ingestion in foregut was equivalent to the average 0.3% of its body weight by 30 minutes after feeding. Up to 5 hours after feeding, the weight ratio of midgut to body weight reduced, but still the weight ratio of foregut to body weight kept the similarity until then. These indicated that the tryptic enzyme activity and the clearance rate are different among the digestive organs and between forgot and midgut during the post feeding period in whiteleg shrimp.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.8
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• pp.41-50
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• 1968

In order to achieve efficiency of laying eggs of silkworms, it is very important to eliminate noncocooning silkworms. This study is written on the basis of observation and analysis of mechanism of silkworms physiologically and anatomically. It is hoped that given herein will contribute to the effecting elimination work. Outline of the study summarize as follows: 1. It is observed through microscope that the silkworms which are seen normal state in the silk gland but no ability of cocoon making have polyhedrosis in the nerve, trachea and muscle near the tissue of the spinneret. 2. Relatively high proportion of non-cocooning silkworms are caused by the grasserie of the silkworms. 3. As a result of inoculation with purulent discharges against silkworms from first fooding through 8th day of 5th instar, number of cocooning silkworms were increased when inoculation are applied at laterer day of the instar. In the case of non-cocooning silkworms, meanwhile, resulted not big varriation when it is apllied in the early and middle of the period, but number of non-cocooning silkworm was reduced when the inoculation are given at laterer of the instar. Number of death during rearing and mounting are increased when earliest application of inoculation are carried out. 4. Symptom of grasserie was appeared more or less three days after application of the inoculation. Some silkworms which were inoculated just before mounting has ability of cocooning making even taken grasserie, in this case the silkworm can make thin cocoon. since the silkworm fall sick during cocoon making and unable of spinning soon. when the worm was affected by grasserie slightly, it was observed that the silkworm can spinning. It is supposed to be the light paralysis of spinneret is not very much influenced to spinning. 5. As a result of observation of original stock and hybrid including other 44 kinds of silkworm, many non-cocooning silkworms were found in the original stock especially originated from japanese than in hybrid. 6. A number of undulations are found in the middle division of the silk gland of non-cocooning silkworms. 7. According to the observation of the sizes of the body and digestive organs, normal natured silkworms and non-cocooning silkworms are more or less same in length, but the width, circumference of bodies and digestive organs were more larger in the later. If silkworm which was in the period of active eating of 5th instar was given shock of dropping to the floor, the silkworm receives little more shock when hit to side of the body than to head, and concrete floor than ondol and wooden floor.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.8
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• pp.1152-1158
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• 2016

Morphological and physiological alterations occur in the digestive system of weanling piglets, compromising the performance in subsequent phases. This experiment aimed at verifying the influence of glutamine, glutamate and nucleotides on the carbon turnover in the pancreas and liver of piglets weaned at 21 days of age. Four diets were evaluated: glutamine, glutamic acid or nucleotides-free diet (CD); containing 1% glutamine (GD); containing 1% glutamic acid (GAD) and containing 1% nucleotides (ND). One hundred and twenty-three piglets were utilized with three pigs slaughtered at day zero (weaning day) and three at each one of the experimental days (1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 13, 20, 27, and 49 post-weaning), in order to collect organ samples, which were analyzed for the ${\delta}^{13}C$ isotopic composition and compared by means of time. No differences were found (p>0.05) among treatments for the turnover of the $^{13}C$ in the pancreas ($T_{50%}$ = 13.91, 14.37, 11.07, and 9.34 days; $T_{95%}$ = 46.22, 47.73, 36.79, and 31.04 days for CD, GD, GAD, and ND, respectively). In the liver, the ND presented accelerated values of carbon turnover ($T_{50%}=7.36$ and $T_{95%}=24.47days$) in relation to the values obtained for the GD ($T_{50%}=10.15$ and $T_{95%}=33.74days$). However, the values obtained for the CD ($T_{50%}=9.12$ and $T_{95%}=30.31days$) and GAD ($T_{50%}=7.83$ and $T_{95%}=26.03days$) had no differences (p>0.05) among other diets. The technique of $^{13}C$ isotopic dilution demonstrated trophic action of nucleotides in the liver.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.551-559
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• 1996

To examine the effects of dietary fibers on gastrointestinal physiology, rats were fed with diets containing 10% sodium alginate,10% cellulose, or fiber-free diets for 5 weeks. The results obtained were as follows: The chronic consumption of sodium alginate induced a significant decrease in body weight gain and feeding efficiency, but a significant increase in length and weight of small intestine. Fecal bulk and weight were higher in fiber-fed group than fiber-free group. The chronic consumption of dietary fiber induced a significant increase in fecal output, resulting in tile decrease of apparent digestibility of protein and lipid. Pancreatic protease activity was lower in fiber-fed group than fiber-free group, whereas pancreatic amylase and lipase activities were not affected. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and light microscopy(LM) studies showed small intestine microvilli with numerous ridges and convolutions and goblet cells in fiber-fed groups. As a result of this study, it is concluded that the chronic consumption of dietary fiber decreases apparent digestibility of nutrients and induces morphological and biochemical adaptation of digestive organs.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.359-366
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• 2004

Iron (Fe) is an essential metal in biological processes, which maintains a homeostasis in the human body. Divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) has been known as an iron transporting membrane protein, which is involved in the uptake Fe at the apical portion of intestinal epithelium, and may transport Fe across the membrane of acidified endosome in peripheral tissues. In this study, we studied the tissue distribution of DMT1 in the Fe supplemented (FeS) diet fed rats, and the regulation of DMT1 expression by depleting body Fe. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups, and fed FeS (120 mg Fe/kg) diet or Fe deficient (FeD, 2∼6 mg Fe/kg) diet for 4 weeks. The evaluation of body Fe status was monitored by measuring sFe, UIBC and tissue Fe concentration. Additionally, DMT1 mRNA levels were analyzed in the peripheral tissues by using the quantitative real time RT-PCR method. In the FeS diet fed rats, the tissue Fe was maintained at a relatively high level, and DMT1 was eventually expressed in all tissues studied. DMT1 was highly expressed in the testis, kidney and spleen, while a moderate levels of DMT1 expression was detected in the brain, liver and heart. In the digestive system, the highest level of DMT1 was found in the duodenum. Feeding the FeD diet caused a reduced body weight gain and depletion of body Fe with finding of decreased sFe, increased UIBC and decreased tissue Fe concentration. The depletion of body Fe upregulated DMT1 expression in the peripheral tissue. The expression of DMT1 was very sensitive to the body Fe depletion in the small intestine, especially in the duodenum, showing dramatically higher levels in the FeD rats than those of the FeS group. In the FeD diet fed animals, the expression of DMT1 was low significantly in other tissues compared with the duodenum. The expression of DMT1, however, was 60∼120% higher in the testis, kidney and spleen, and 30∼50% higher in the lung, liver and heart, compared to the FeS diet fed rats. In summary, DMT1 expression was ubiquitous in mammalian tissue, and the level of expression was the organ-dependent. The expression of DMT1 in peripheral tissues was upregulated by depletion of body Fe. Duodenum was the most sensitive tissue among organs studied during Fe depletion, and expressed the greatest level of DMT1, while other tissues were less higher than in duodenum. This study supports that DMT1 plays a role in maintaining the body Fe level through intestinal uptake as well as homeostasis of Fe in the peripheral tissue.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.101-118
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• 2017

In an investigation of indigenous prokaryotic species in Korea, a total of 57 bacterial strains assigned to the classes Betaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria were isolated from diverse environments. Samples were collected from fresh water, natural caves, soil, paddy fields, lakes, sea water, jeotgal (fermented seafood), salt flats, soil from abandoned mines, plant roots, digestive organs of both Japanese crested ibis (Nipponia nippon) and Burmese python (Python molurus bivittatus) and tidal flats. From the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (>98.7%) and formation of robust phylogenetic clades with closely related species, it was determined that each strain belonged to an independent and predefined bacterial species within either the Betaproteobacteria or Gammaproteobacteria. There is no official report or publication that describes these 57 proteobacterial species in Korea. Overall, in the class Betaproteobacteria there were 16 species in 12 genera of 4 families in the order Burkholderiales and two species in two genera of one family in the order Neisseriales. Within the class Gammaproteobacteia, there were five species in four genera of four families in the order Alteromonadales, 12 species in 11 genera of one family in the order Enterobacteriales, four species in four genera of three families in the order Oceanospirillales, 11 species in four genera of two families in the order Pseudomonadales, two species in the order Vibrionales and five species in five genera of one family in the order Xanthomonadales. Gram reaction, colony and cell morphology, basic biochemical characteristics, isolation source and strain IDs are described in the species description section.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.37-49
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• 2016

Purpose: This research is performed through the analysis of the dental technology students' life-style factors of their daily lives that have a close relation with health, and the self-reported symptoms which are related to psychosomatic diseases, for the production of basic data for the change of life-styles and the development of educational programmes. Methods: This research has been performed through questionnaires from the beginning of October of 2014 till the end of November through the Dental Technology students of G-do, chosen by random sampling method after informed consent, where out of the 270 papers, 258 results were used for the analysis. Results: Firstly, the results of the research was as follows: Non-smokers accounted for 61.2%, student who did not do regular physical activities accounted for 50.4%, students who had sleeping hours of 6 to 7 hours accounted for 35.7%, students who eat snacks accounted for 63.2%, students who eat breakfast once to twice a week accounted for 30.6%, students who had an average number of drinks of once to twice a week accounted for 39.9%, and students with BMI of '$18.5^{\circ}{{\neq}}22.9$' accounted for 56.2%, being the highest. Secondly, in gender, smoking (p<.001), regular physical activity (p<.001), BMI (p<.001), eat snacks (p<.05), average number of drinks (p<.05), and of the health check-up, eat breakfast (p<.05), of the year level, eat snack (p<.01), BMI (p<.01), hours of sleep (p<.05), of major satisfaction, regular physical activity (p<.01), and BMI (p<.05), and there was a significant statistical difference, but there were no significant statistical difference in religion. Thirdly, of the bodily self-reported symptoms of the correlation analysis within the life-style variables and the self-reported symptoms, multiple subjective symptoms (I), respiratory (A), eye and skin (B), and digestive organs (C) were the highest in the correlation analysis with regular physical activity (p<.01), and of mental health, impulsiveness (H), mental instability (J), and depression (K) showed highest results in correlation analysis with regular physical activity (p<.01, p<.05), lie scale (L) and irregular and life (G) with eat breakfast (p<.01), and aggressiveness (F) with BMI (p<.01), showed highest results in correlation analysis. Fourthly of the Dental technology students' bodily self-reported symptoms, life-style factors which had a statistically significant effect appeared to be regular physical activity (p<.001) and BMI (p<.05), and of the mental self-reported symptoms, causes that did not have statistically significant effect appeared to be regular physical activity (p<.05) and eat breakfast (p<.05). Conclusion: This research concludes that in order to develop correct life-style habits for health promotion and reduce self-reported symptoms related to the Dental Technology students' diseases, education for the recognition of the necessity of self health promotion must be conducted, and a education programme scheme for the Dental technology curriculum for practicing the correct life-style habits in daily life is required.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.20 no.6 s.84
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• pp.677-683
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• 2004

The electron donating ability and nitrite scavenging activity were measured in ethanol extracts from the raw, simple cooked and seasoned materials of Bibimbab (mixed rice), a Korean traditional one-dish meal. The ethanol extracts of raw fragrant edible wild aster exhibited the highest electron donating ability $(80.28\%)$, as measured by the DPPH method. When Bibimbab was compared with Kimbab and hamburgers, which are popular food, it showed the highest antioxidative activity by the DPPH method. The nitrite scavenging ability was measured in an environment similar to in human digestive organs, i.e. pH $1.2\~6.0$. Generally, the antioxidative activity decreased in the sequence pH 1.2, 3.0 and then 6.0. The simple cooked materials, with the exception of fragrant edible wild aster, increased the antioxidative potential. The seasoned materials also had a tendency to increase the antioxidative potential. In conclusion, the ethanol extract of Bibimbab showed the highest nitrite scavenging activity. Therefore, the nutritional superiority of Bibimbab was confirmed through its electron donating ability, as measured by the DPPH method, and nitrite scavenging effect.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.151-162
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• 2002

Objective Many literature-based researches and clinical studies have been thus far reported of wha-byuong in Oriental medicine but acupunctural approaches to it have been little executed, which motivated this study to be conducted through acupunctural treatment. For that purpose, this study carried out incessant treatment on wha-byuong-having outpatients of this hospital who were suffering from gunhwa of wha in the saam acupuncture in order to inquire into the features of wha-byuong represented recently, and thereupon this got some intellect and knowledge out of clinical cases, which led this study to report them. Methodology Two wha-byuong outpatients were taken as subjects for this study who visited this hospital from January 10, 2002 through May 20, 2002. As for the contents of treatment and the administration of medicine, acupuncture utilized size $30{\times}50mm$ needles and the performance of treatment depended upon yuchim for 20 to 40 minutes at one time by means of simseunggyok (eumgok, sohae bo, taebaek, sinmun sa) on both right and left sides of the outpatients. As the case may be, sobu, baekhoi, and pungji were used at the same time. Bosa of simseunegyok took youngsu bosa. In order to evaluate treatment, symptoms were classified with diagrams into physical symptoms, dorgan symptoms, urinogenital organs symptoms, dermatological symptoms, cardiopulmonary symptoms, musculoskeletal symptoms, somnipathy symptoms, caput and sensual organ symptoms, psychomotor activity symptoms, and other symptoms, and then signs and marks were given to indicate the most objective values according to symptoms of the patients perceived in different sessions both prior and posterior to treatment. Conclusion As a result of having conducted treatment on two outpatients who visited this hospital for their wha-byuong from January 10, 2002 through May 20, 2002, conclusions were obtained, as follows: 1. Treatment depended very largely upon simseunggyok of the saam acupuncture, and as the case may be, baekhoi, pungji and sobu were utilized at the same time. 2. Much more effects were produced only when the patients had got rid of the causes of wha-byuong they had. Furthermore, the perceived seriousness of the symptoms presented had not been improved, regardless of their wha-byuong, 3. The main symptoms complained by the patients such as sangyeolgam, anxieties, impatience, hungmin, difficulty in breathing, cardiopalmus, insomnia, digestive troubles, etc. showed for the most part conspicuous therapeutical effects upon the symptoms of wha-byuong. In particular, a high degree of improvement was represented from melancholia and pyrexia.