• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.153-163
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 중등 과학 초임교사가 교직에 입문하여 이론과 다른 학교 현장에 부딪치며 경험하게 되는 교직 수행상의 어려움을 알아보려고 하였다. 이를 위해 개방형 설문지를 이용하여 중등 과학 초임교사가 느끼는 교직 첫 해의 어려움과 둘째 해 이후의 어려움은 무엇인지, 중등 과학 초임교사가 느끼는 어려움은 교사의 근무학교별, 성별, 전공별 및 근무지역별로 차이가 있는가를 알아보았다. 중등 과학 초임교사가 경험하는 어려움을 대영역으로 분류하여 살펴본 결과, 교직 첫 해에는 교과지도, 생활지도, 사무관리, 인간관계, 자기이해의 순으로 어려움을 겪고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째 해 이후의 어려움은 생활지도, 사무관리, 인간관계, 교과지도, 자기이해의 순으로 나타났다. 이 기간 동안에 교과지도에 관한 어려움은 줄어들었으나, 다른 영역에서는 여전히 어려움이 있었다. 중등 과학 초임교사가 느끼는 어려움을 소영역별로 살펴보면 근무 첫 해에는 과다한 업무, 학급 운영, 수업분위기 조성 순으로 어려움을 느끼는 교사가 많은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째 해이후의 어려움으로는 과다한 업무, 학급 운영과 관련한 것이 여전히 가장 많았으며, 동료교사와의 관계, 문제학생 지도, 나태함과 무력감으로 인한 어려움을 겪는 교사가 많았다. 초임교사들의 어려움을 변인별로 분석한 결과, 교직 첫 해에 겪게 되는 어려움은 근무학교에 따라 다르게 나타났는데, 중학교 초임교사들은 생활지도에서 가장 많은 어려움을 겪고 있었으며 일반계 고등학교 초임교사들은 교과지도에서 어려움을 많이 겪고 있었다. 성에 따른 유의미한 차이는 없었다. 일반계 고등학교 교사들 중에서 광역시 지역에 근무하는 경우에는 사무관리에서의 어려움을, 비 광역시 지역에 근무하는 경우에는 교과지도, 생활지도에서의 어려움을 많이 호소하고 있었다. 과학 초임교사가 둘째 해 이후부터 경험하는 어려움을 대영역으로 분류하여 분석한 결과 전체적으로 교사 변인별로 유의미한 차이가 없었다. 이 문제에 대해 학교, 행정가, 연수기관, 양성기관별로 가능한 제언을 추가하였다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제11권12호
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• pp.631-637
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• 2013

본 연구는 결혼이주여성의 건강행위 어려움을 이해하고 그 경험의 의미를 기술하고자 시도되었다. 2010년 4월부터 5월까지 심층면담과 관찰법을 사용하여 결혼이주여성의 건강행위 어려움을 수집하고 Colazzi가 제안한 현상학적 연구방법에 따라 연구결과를 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결혼이주여성의 건강행위 어려움의 중심현상은 "건강정보가 부족함", "문화적 차이로 갈등을 겪음", "의료기관 이용이 부담스러움", "결국은 혼자라고 느낌"으로 도출되었다.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.179-191
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• 2007

This paper aims to improve management and make the bakery business stable by investigating the difficulties in bakery management and the current management conditions of bakery businesses. Using Windows SPSS 11.0, the bottleneck in bakery management and its influence on sales and job satisfaction were analyzed. Besides, a regression analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of difficulties in bakery management on sales and job satisfaction. According to the analysis, a total of 44 variables were observed as the difficulties in bakery management. Among them, 34 variables were caused by 7 factors: facility, product, employee, finance, production, external advertisement. In the regression analysis, it has turned out that the difficulties in management had influence on sales dissatisfaction in facility, product, employee, finance, production, and external factors. Especially, employee factor turned out the most influential one on sales dissatisfaction. Furthermore, it has turned out that the bottleneck in management had influence on job dissatisfaction in all 7 factors. Above all, the external factor turned out the most influential one.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.517-529
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to investigate pre-service teachers' perceptions and their difficulties of mathematics instruction. Pre-service teachers have positive perceptions about teaching students and teaching profession through teaching practicum. In addition, they have perceived that teaching practicum can enhance teaching methods for their students. Especially, they suggested that cooperating teachers' instruction and mathematics teachers and their colleagues' classroom observation are important factors to improve their teaching methods. In other hands, they have difficulties in application of questions encouraging mathematical thinking, attention concentration considering students' interest and planning and performing for mathematics instruction class according to levels of students' study abilities. Based upon this study's findings, teacher education institutes should make efforts to alleviate difficulties in mathematics instruction through effective teaching practicum such as regular reflection activities for their classes, programs development associated with schools, pre-training and education programs for guidance teachers.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.270-281
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• 2005

Purpose: The objective of this study was to understand the caring experience of families with terminal cancer patients. Method: This was designed to be an inductive and descriptive study. Forty-seven families with terminal cancer patients were interviewed in depth and collected data were examined through content analysis. Result: The main categories of difficulties found in this study were 'suffering of patient', 'emotional suffering of family', 'bereavement of patient', 'difficulties in coping', 'problems in treatment', 'incurable situation', 'family problems', 'relationship with other people', 'economic problems', 'spiritual problems', 'problems in the future', 'informing patients of their condition', 'preparing death', 'emotional unstability', 'meaninglessness', 'unkindness of medical teams', 'poor environment for treatment', 'difficulties in hospital environment' and 'economic burden'. Conclusion: The main point found from this result was that families taking care of terminal cancer patients are suffering emotionally from watching the patients' pains and had difficulties in coping with the patients' situation and treatment. In addition, they had negative experiences in medical teams' attitude and hospital environment. This result can be used as an important guide for nurses to assess families' needs in the terminal care setting.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.447-460
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• 2017

This study asked preservice elementary teachers to conduct an inquiry of observing the moon, and analyzed the phenomena observed, difficulties experienced, and pedagogical suggestions by the preservice teachers. Participants were 31 undergraduate students enrolled in a science course in a university of education. As a part of the course, the preservice teachers observed the moon for about a month and completed personal journals which described the phenomena they observed, difficulties they experienced, and the pedagogical suggestions to help elementary students conduct the same inquiry activity. The analysis of the journals revealed that the preservice teachers observed the moon mostly during the evening or night and that they noticed lunar phases, directions, altitudes, and color and brightness more frequently than other phenomena. The preservice teachers experienced difficulties related to the observation time, lunar phases, directions, and altitudes, and, reflecting on their own experiences, suggested a variety of pedagogical ideas about these difficulties. The pedagogical suggestions by the preservice teachers also included how to help elementary students keep their interest and perform the moon observation for a rather long period of time. Implications for moon investigations in the elementary school science classroom and relevant research were discussed.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.399-411
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• 2008

The study purposes to survey teacher's and child's difficulties which full day classes of public kindergarten regrouped in the afternoon time are having. The subjects are 4 full day class pre-service kindergarten teachers and 8 full-day class children in G Metropolitan City and in J Province. Data were collected through in depth interviews and participatory observation. According to the results, the variables of teachers' difficulties in managing full day classes regrouped in the afternoon time are "living as an outsider without a sense of belonging", "living as a false teacher rather than a real class teacher", and "living as a teacher giving specialty and aptitude education". The variables of children's difficulties are "moving like a migratory bird", "watching the clock and the door", and "being unable to concentrate". The study is expected to be useful as one of basic findings for desirable management of kindergarten full day classes regrouped in the afternoon time.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.57-68
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• 2014

This study investigated the characteristics of science imaginary pictures drawn by elementary school students and their perceptions of science imaginary drawing. To do this, $5^{th}$ graders (N=107) were selected from 1 elementary school in Gangwon province and were administered the questionnaires. Some of them were also interviewed deeply. The analyses of the results indicated that most students drew science imaginary pictures in 'land' or 'universe' of 'future' than non-science imaginary pictures. In the academic field, 'machine' was most frequently included in their pictures, and 'earth science' or 'building and traffic' was also frequently included. In addition, half of the pictures included two or more fields. Many students perceived positively the educational benefits of science imaginary drawing upon cognitive, affective, and aesthetic aspects. However, they also had several difficulties in the processes of scientific imaginary drawing such as 'difficulties in using artistic skills', 'difficulties in selecting the subject', 'difficulties in imagining', and 'difficulties in expressing my thoughts to pictures'. Educational implications of these findings are discussed.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.247-256
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify and describe the caregiving difficulties that mothers of children with spina bifida experience from their own perspectives. Methods: A qualitative descriptive study was designed. Data were collected from five mini-focus group interviews and four individual interviews using open-ended questions. Nineteen mothers of children with mild spina bifida participated in the study during 2014-2015. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis to identify major difficulties perceived by the mothers. Results: Five domains were identified with 12 subdomains. "Daily routine continence management" describes difficulties arising in bladder and bowel management for the child with spina bifida. "Management of school life of child" deals with difficulties in relation to the school facilities, such as the toilets, as well as teachers and friends. "Relationship with family and neighbors" illustrates problems in relations with their spouse, normal children, relatives and neighbors. "Maintaining physical and psychological health" includes physical and psychological problems of the mothers. "Finance" describes economic burden that the mothers face in the management of child's illness. Conclusion: The findings from this study provide insight into the practical issues related to the management of chronic conditions of children with spina bifida from the mothers' perspectives.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제60권5호
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• pp.95-104
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to explore the extent of difficulties experienced by facilitators in the rural field forum and to derive a theoretical model for improving the satisfaction of facilitators in the rural field forum. Based on grounded theory, qualitative analysis used data collected through individual in-depth interviews with 10 facilitators who are working at the rural field forum. This collected data was analyzed using the Nvivo 11 program. Using a derived theoretical model, the result of analyzing the difficulties experienced by facilitators in the rural field forum showed the core phenomenon identified as difficulties on-site the forum. There was a clarification of the issues regarding improvement of their labour conditions in order to solve the difficulties on-site the forum. The issues towards improving labour conditions were low allowance, equal assignment, guaranteed four major insurances and so on. The facilitators have been trying to activate the rural field forum by promoting their own capacity through the cooperation between colleagues, post training, seminars, and conferences.