• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.291-306
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• 1997

The purposes of this study were 1) to identify the gender differences in the perception of sexuality in jeans fashion advertising 2) to identify the differences between fashion opinion leaders and followers in the preferences of advertisements and followers in the preferences of advertisements and intentions to buy the advertised jeans in highly and low sexual advertising. The data were collected via a questionnaire from 441 collesge students(female=225, male=216) living in Seoul. Korea, and analyzed by t-test. The results of this study were as follows: First there were significant differences between male and female in the perception of sexuality in jeans fashion advertising. Second to significant differences between fashion opinion leaders and followers in intentions to buy the advertised jeans of highly sexy advertisements were found in the data collected from male. But there were not significant differences between fashion opinion leaders and followers in preferences and intentions to buy the advertised jeans of highly sexy advertisements in female's data. Third there were significant differences between fashion opinion leaders and followers in the preference of low sexy advertisements in female's data. But there were not significant differences between fashion opinion leaders and followers in preferences and intentions to buy the advertised jeans of low sexy advertisements in male's data.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.51-65
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• 2003

Objectives： To examine the regional mortality differences in The Republic of Korea according to geographic location. Methods： All 232 administrative districts of the Republic of Korea in 1998 were studied according to their geographic locations by dividing each district into three categories； "metropolis," "urban," and "rural". Crude mortality rates for doth sexes from total deaths as well as the three major causes of death in Korea (cardiovascular disease, cancer, and external causes) were calculated with raw data from the "1998 report on the causes of death statistics" and resident registration data. Standardized mortality ratios (SMR) were calculated using the indirect standardization method. Poisson regression analyses were performed to examine the effects of geographic locations on the risk of death. To correct for the socioeconomic differences of each region, the percentage of old ($\geq$ 65 years old) population, the number of privately owned cars per 100 population, and per capita manufacturing production industries were included in the model. Results： Most SMRs were the lowest in the metropolis and the highest in the rural areas. These differences were more prominent in men and in deaths from external causes. In deaths from cancer in women, the rural region showed the lowest SMR. In Poisson regression analysis after correcting for regional socioeconomic differences, the risk of death from all causes significantly increased in both urban (OR＝1.111) and rural (OR＝1.100) regions, except for rural women, compared to the metropolis region. In men, the rural region showed higher risk (OR＝1.180) than the urban region (OR＝1.l51). For cardiovascular disease and cancer, significant differences were not found between geographic locations, except in urban women for cardiovascular disease (OR＝1.151) and in rural women for cancer (OR＝0.887), compared to metropolis women. In deaths from external causes, the risk ratios significantly increased in both urban and rural regions and an increasing tendency from the metropolis to the rural region was clearly observed in both sexes. Conclusions： Regional mortality differences according to geographic location exist in The Republic of Korea and further research and policy approaches to reduce these differences are needed. to reduce these differences are needed.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 2020

Just as it is possible to distinguish people by using physical features, such as fingerprints, irises, veins, and faces, and behavioral features, such as voice, gait, keyboard input pattern, and signatures, the an IoT device includes various features that cannot be replicated. For example, there are differences in the physical structure of the chip, differences in computation time of the devices or circuits, differences in residual data when the SDRAM is turned on and off, and minute differences in sensor sensing results. Because of these differences, Sensor data can be collected and analyzed, based on these differences, to identify features that can classify the sensors and define them as sensor-based device DNA technology. As Similar to the biometrics, such as human fingerprints and irises, can be authenticatedused for authentication, sensor-based device DNA can be used to authenticate sensors and generate cryptographic keys that can be used for security.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.333-345
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• 1997

The purposes of this study were 1) to identify the differences between the sexes in the perception of sexuality in jeans fashion advertising, 2) to find out the differences between the high and low sexy advertisements and the differences between the groups which had different orientation of the characteristics of new young generation in preferences of advertisements and intentions to purchase product in sexy fashion advertising. The data were collected using questionnairs which contained nine advertisements of Guess Jeans, from 441 college students (female= 225, male= 216) living in Seoul, Korea participated in the study and the data were and analyzed by paired 1·test and t-test. The results of this study were as follows: First, there were significant differences between male and female in the perceptions of sexuality in jeans advertisements. Second, by paired t-test, male preferred highly sexy advertisement to low sexy advertisement, and female's intention to purchase product was higher in the advertisement of high sex appeal than that of low sex appeal. Third, there were partially significant diferences between two groups which had different orientation of the characteristics of new young generation in preferences of sexy advitisements. The differences of intentions to purchase product between two groups were significant in highly sexual advertising. But in low sexual advertising, the significant differences between two groups were not found in advertisement preferences and intentions to purchase products.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.247-256
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• 2022

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Kaltenborn-Evjenth (KE) joint mobilization of the distal radioulnar joints (RUJ) and proximal RUJ in distal radius fractures (DRFs) on range of motion (ROM), grip strength (GS), and patient-written wrist evaluation (PRWE) in each group once, thrice, or fivefold. Methods : Forty-two subjects participated in this study. We divided the subjects with DRFs into groups applying KE concepts RUJ mobilization once, thrice, and fivefold. The patients' ROM and GS were measured using a joint goniometer and dynamometer, respectively. Pain and function were also assessed using a PRWE. In the statistical analysis, all data were tested for normality using the Shapiro-Wilk test, and paired t-tests were performed for within-group before-and-after comparisons of each intervention. One-way analysis of variance was used for between-group comparisons of differences. All statistical significance levels were set at α=.05. Results : There were significant differences in the ROM in all three groups before and after the intervention (p<.05), but there were no significant differences between the groups. There were significant differences in the GS in the three groups before and after the intervention (p<.05), but there were no significant differences between the groups. In the pain part of the PRWE, all three groups had significant differences before and after intervention (p<.05), but there was no significant difference between the groups. In the functional part of the PRWE, there were significant differences in the three groups before and after intervention (p<.05), but no significant difference occurred between the groups. Conclusion : Based on the aforementioned results, there were no significant between-group differences in ROM, GS, and PRWE (pain and function) after the application of the K-E joint mobilization to DRFs once, thrice, and fivefold. Nevertheless, there were significant within-group differences in all the above.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.169-184
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• 2016

Smartphone use is rapidly spreading due to the advantage of being able to connect to the Internet anytime, anywhere--and mobile app development is developing accordingly. The characteristic of the mobile app market is the ability to launch one's app into foreign markets with ease as long as the platform is the same. However, a large amount of prior research asserts that consumers behave differently depending on their culture and, from this perspective, various studies comparing the differences between consumer behaviors in different countries exist. Accordingly, this research, which uses online product reviews (OPRs) in order to analyze the cultural differences in consumer behavior comparatively by nationality, proposes to compare the U.S. and South Korea by selecting ten apps which were released in both countries in order to perform a sentimental analysis on the basis of star ratings and, based on those ratings, to interpret the sentiments in reviews. This research was carried out to determine whether, on the basis of ratings analysis, analysis of review contents for sentiment differences, analysis of LDA topic modeling, and co-occurrence analysis, actual differences in online reviews in South Korea and the U.S. exist due to cultural differences. The results confirm that the sentiments of reviews for both countries appear to be more negative than those of star ratings. Furthermore, while no great differences in high-raking review topics between the U.S. and South Korea were revealed through topic modeling and co-occurrence analyses, numerous differences in sentiment appeared-confirming that Koreans evaluated the mobile apps' specialized functions, while Americans evaluated the mobile apps in their entirety. This research reveals that differences in sentiments regarding mobile app reviews due to cultural differences between Koreans and Americans can be seen through sentiment analysis and topic modeling, and, through co-occurrence analysis, that they were able to examine trends in review-writing for each country.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.1-13
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate the attitudes of Korean parents on environmental education for their elementary children. To accomplish of this purpose, a questionnaire survey was administered to 231 (55 males, 176 females) parents from elementary school in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province, Korea. The self-reported Environmental Education Attitude Scale was revised and adopted to measure the difference among children's grade, gender, and age of parents. The SPSS 12.0 program was used to analyze the data. The major finding of this study represented that elementary parents have a great understanding about the importance of environmental education. Through the analyses, this study found several things. 1) There were significant differences among grade and age in the necessity of environmental education. However, there were no gender differences in this field. In other words, parents have strong agreement with the necessity of environmental education in childhood. 2) There were significant differences among grade in the effect of environmental education. However, there were no gender and age differences in this area. 3) There were significant differences among grade and gender in proper areas of environmental education according to academic years. However, there was no significant age difference in this questionnaire. 4) There were significant differences among grade, gender, and age group in the level of environmental education. 5) There were significant differences among grade, gender, and age in the subject for environmental education. Further implications and limitations of this study were discussed.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.297-304
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate inservice elementary teachers' view and the change of preservice elementary teachers' view on the nature of science by the science education course. The subjects were 386 junior preservice teachers in a National University of Education and 257 inservice teachers working in a metropolitan city. An instrument consisting of fifty eight items were developed on the bases of previous studies. Before entering the course, preservice teachers view was compared by gender with T-test and no significant differences were found except the category 'role of a scientist'. Preservice teachers view was also compared by major with ANOVA and significant differences were found on the categories 'scientific method' and 'scientific law'. After the course, on comparing their view by gender, significant differences were found on the categories 'scientific theory', 'scientific knowledge', and 'scientific law'. The result of ANOVA by major, significant differences were found except the category 'role of a scientist'. Inservice teachers view was compared by gender and major and the differences were no significant, the significant differences, however, were founded in comparing by career and ability.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.791-803
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• 2015

This study aims to examine the influence of tennis instructors' coaching behaviors on the satisfaction with lessons and preference for instructors. In order to achieve this study objective, by using the quota sampling out of nonprobability sampling for tennis club members who are now(2015) actively involved in tennis courts located in Daejeon Metropolitan City and Chungcheongnam-do, and also receiving tennis lesson for more than six months or used to take lessons before, the 325 effective samples were used for data analysis. Using the SPSS Ver. 21.0 Window Program, the collected data went through frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis, and the results are like below. Regarding differences of coaching behaviors depending on sex, first, there were significant differences in the factors like explanatory instruction, positive feedback and negative feedback. In case of differences in accordance with age, every factor showed significant differences. In regard of differences depending on academic background, there were differences in the factor of negative feedback while the factor of positive feedback showed differences in accordance with the experience of lesson. In case of differences depending on the level of athletic performance, there were statistically significant differences in the factors like explanatory instruction, questioning instruction and negative feedback. Second, the positive feedback, one of the sub-factors of coaching behaviors had positive influence on satisfaction with lesson while the explanatory instruction, one of the sub-factors of coaching behaviors had positive influence on preference for instructors. Lastly, the satisfaction with lesson had positive influence on preference for instructors.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.99-110
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• 1999

In order to help the marketers of the men\`s casual wear brands establish the marketing strategies to their target consumers, it is the purpose of this study to investigate on the variables affecting the casual wear purchase behavior of men in twenties, thirties and forties, and to clarify the differences of casual wear purchase behavior according to their age, The subjects were 429 men in their twenties, thirties and forties living in Seoul and data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation, x², ANOVA and Duncan\`s test. The results were as follows : (1) Significant differences were found among men in twenties, thirties and forties according to the self-image. Men in forties favored the conservative and not-noticeable image of casual wear, however, men in twenties and thirties favored those of the active, sexy, and distinctive image. (2) Significant differences were found among men in twenties, thirties and forties according to the importance of the store attributes such as convenience of transportation and parking place, clothing in vogue, and various merchandise. Men in thirties and forties put more importance on convenience of transportation and parking place. Men in forties put more importance on various merchandise than men in twenties and thirties. (3) Significant differences were found among men in twenties, thirties and forties according to general purchase behavior of casual wear. * Differences of the use of information according to age Majority of the men consulted the T.V., radio and people in their boundaries * Differences of the clothing purchase frequency according to age Men in twenties buy more clothing than other age groups. Men in twenties buy the clothing every one month and every three months and men in thirties and forties buy the clothing every three months and every six months. * Differences of the shopping day according to age Majority of the men buy the clothing on Saturday and Sunday. However men in twenties buy the clothing more on weekdays than other age groups. * Differences of the shopping place according There were not significant differences among three different age groups and majority of the men found out to utilize the department store. * Differences of the influence of the partners according to age Men in twenties found out to rely on their own decisions but men in thirties and forties found out to depend on their wives(loves). * Differences of the selection standards of casual wear according to age There were not significant differences according to age and adult males found out to select the casual wear by design, quality price in sequence.