• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.57-67
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• 2014

This study analyzed the differences for educational training demographic characteristics and provides basic information for efficient education. The meaningful results of this study were as follows. First for gender, seven-factors except for education satisfaction had significant differences. Second for age, five-factors education performance, education satisfaction, professionalism, diversity, and education had significant difference. Third, for occupation and position, eight-factors had significant differences. We realized that senior staff of Grade 3 or above had the highest level in six-factors education concentration, education performance, education satisfaction, motivation, professionalism and diversity. Finally, for employment period, six factors except for professionalism and motivation had significant differences.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate the attitudes of Korean parents on environmental education for their elementary children. To accomplish of this purpose, a questionnaire survey was administered to 231 (55 males, 176 females) parents from elementary school in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province, Korea. The self-reported Environmental Education Attitude Scale was revised and adopted to measure the difference among children's grade, gender, and age of parents. The SPSS 12.0 program was used to analyze the data. The major finding of this study represented that elementary parents have a great understanding about the importance of environmental education. Through the analyses, this study found several things. 1) There were significant differences among grade and age in the necessity of environmental education. However, there were no gender differences in this field. In other words, parents have strong agreement with the necessity of environmental education in childhood. 2) There were significant differences among grade in the effect of environmental education. However, there were no gender and age differences in this area. 3) There were significant differences among grade and gender in proper areas of environmental education according to academic years. However, there was no significant age difference in this questionnaire. 4) There were significant differences among grade, gender, and age group in the level of environmental education. 5) There were significant differences among grade, gender, and age in the subject for environmental education. Further implications and limitations of this study were discussed.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to estimate how much the motility of affected and unaffected lower limb respectively would have effects on their ambulation through comparing the difference between their affected and unaffected lower limb and studying the correlation between such difference and their ambulation. In addition, the study also intends to find out remedial measures suitable for improving their ambulation with relevant physical treatment. To do this, a quantitative electromyogram(QEMG) test was done to hamstring of affected and unaffected lower limb so as to yield IP values. Based on such IP values, RMS(root mean square) values as the total sum of IP values were found with QEMG analysis system (made by Medelec Co.) and then the ambulation depending on the difference in muscular strength were analyzed by ink-foot print method as well as the corresponding statistics were processed by T-test through SPSS. The differences in muscular strength of hamstring in unaffected limbs of hemiplegic patients only affect stride length. It was statistically significant. The effect of difference in muscular strength of the hamstring in affected limb of hemiplegic patients on their ambulation was very different between strong and weak group in terms of walking velocity, step per minute, stride and step length, showing statistically significant difference(p<.05). Although there was a difference in the step length of the affected limb, it was not statistically significant(p>.05). For the unaffected hamstring, there were significant differences of stride length between in unaffected limb and in affected limb. For the affected hamstring, there were also significant differences in walking velocity, step per minute, stride and step length. Besides, it was found that the difference of the muscular strength between strong and weak group was at the highest.

• 복식
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• 제37권
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• pp.119-132
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• 1998

Niveteen stimulus photographs varied in hue and color scheme of one clothing style of Korean dress worn by a female were used to explore the differences in perceptive effect of clothing cues(color, color scheme, structure) on impression formation and graduate students. The data were analyzed by factor analysis, factor score, ANOVA and Scheffe-test. Results indicate perceptive effects of clothing cues on impression formation are influenced by gender-differences and major-difference of perceivers. Significant gender differences were found in perception of clothing cues on impression effect. Interaction effects were found between clothing cues and gender. Significant major differences were found in perception of clothing cues on impression effect. Interaction effects were found between clothing cues and perceiver's major. Female perceivers and perceivers of major-ing in Liberal Arts reacted to clothing cues on impression formation with greater sensitivity than male perceivers and perceivers of majoring in Natural Sciences. Frequent interaction effects between gender and color of China (cool-warm color), between major difference and color scheme(related color harmony-contrasting color harmony) appeared on factors of impression effect. The influence of perceiver variables on their perception of clothing cues for impression effcet has important implications for gender difference and perceiver's maforing backgroung in a social situation.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.234-240
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study is to analyze the distance, number, duration, velocity of sprints generated during women's hockey competition by position to identify sprint patterns. Method: The data was collected in 17 matches between 2016 and 2018, 49 elite women's hockey players were tested using SPI-HPU to identify differences by position using SPSS 25.0. A total of 376 Sprint information was utilized. Results: First, women's hockey players all showed significant differences in the number of sprints, duration, distance, and max velocity depending on their positions. Second, there was a significant difference in the number of sprints in the difference between quarters. And the factors of duration, distance, and max velocity showed differences between positions. Third, according to the results, there were differences in the number of times, duration, distance, and max velocity in the difference between positions. Conclusion: These results can be confirmed the sprint patterns of depends on position during the women's hockey game and can be used as information for the development of physical and tactical training programs.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2019

This study aimed to analyze the color differences by warp direction of textile mosaics by focusing on two representative textile wallcovering types, woven and string. Mosaics made of string can be expressed as having three-dimensionality based on color differences resulting from the warp direction of the string. String wallcoverings, unlike woven or non-woven wallcoverings, only have vertically oriented warp lamination on the backing paper without weft, and therefore, the reflection and backing color can be expressed differently depending on the angle of the mosaic. In this study, two identical wallcoverings were manufactured using the same materials but using different textile types, woven and string. The wallcoverings underwent die-cutting by each angle and were deployed in cube form. The analysis was based on ISO 5631-1:2015. The color difference between the two wallcoverings, woven and string, was shown as ΔE* 9.29. Based on the standard deviation of the color difference for each mosaic angle, woven ranged from ΔE* 0.09 to 0.94 and string ranged from ΔE* 1.92 to 3.74, showing a larger color difference. Thus, using the color differences of string to create a mosaic wallcovering improved dimensionality.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.182-196
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• 2010

Purpose: This study examined potential determinants of gender differences in utilization of health care services among Korean adults. Methods: The study population was 21,647 adults ${\geq}$25-years-of-age who had responded to a health interview survey conducted as part of the 2005 National Health and Nutrition Surveys. Relative gender differences in the use of each health service were assessed using chi-square test and sex ratios. The contribution of potential factors of sex differences in the use of health services was evaluated by comparing the odds ratio and sex ratio before and after adjustment for such variables. Results & Conclusions: More females had visited a physician and been admitted to hospital, but hospitalization time was longer for males. Adjustment for poor self-rated health, number of chronic disease and limit of full term for ADL led to a reduction in the odds ratio of females compared to males for health service utilization. However, adjustment for socioeconomic factors (household income, education, occupation, and health insurance) magnified the gender difference concerning length of hospitalization. Factors that explain gender-related differences in utilization of health care services are concluded to be different health needs and socioeconomic status.

• Educational Technology International
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-26
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to identify differences in teachers perception on educational attributes and effectiveness of IPTV according to demographic factors. To investigate possibility of educational application, the participants of the study were teachers selected from IPTV initiative schools in elementary and middle levels nationwide. 55 teachers participated from 22 IPTV model schools nationwide, which were 9 elementary schools, 6 middle schools, 7 high schools. As results of research, there were some significant foundings. In terms of the perception on educational attributes of IPTV, there are explicit perceptional difference between "capital area teachers" and "the other regional teachers". However, there were no significant difference according to school level. Perception of male teachers were more positive than those of female teachers. Also, there were no significant difference according to teaching experience. On the other hand, in terms of the perception on educational effects of IPTV, we could conclude that teachers from metropolitan cities have more negative perception on IPTV than teachers from other kinds of cities have. Regardless of school levels, teachers showed merely fair perception on effectiveness of IPTV. There was significant difference between male teachers and female teachers in perception on educational effectiveness. Also, Results showed no significant differences according to teaching experiences. Future tasks for the development of IPTV strategies require specific need analysis of teachers and collaborative works of policy makers, teachers, researchers, and IPTV service providers.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.1190-1202
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• 2009

A 3D body scan measurement (SM) is used as an alternative to physical measurements (PM) as the information for designing industrial products. This study compared the mean difference (MD) between SM and PM by gender and analyzed the causes of the difference. The data used in this study were the scan measurements and physical measurements of adults aged twenty to seventy years old of the fifth Size Korea survey. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The comparison of MD between men and women for all subjects: The measurement of the significant differences between men and women were height, neck base girth, chest girth, under-bust girth, waist girth, armscye girth, back length, and foot length. The causes of difference are the difference of body shape. 2. The comparison of MD between men and women by BMI groups: Many measurements had significant differences between men and women at normal weight and overweight but underweight. Some measurements had significant differences only at a specific BMI group because the body shape difference between men and women is revealed clearly in the group. The comparison of MD between men and women by age groups: The measurements that show significant difference at more than four age groups were neck girth, chest girth, under-bust girth, waist girth, armscye girth, and foot length. The height and abdomen girth had a significant difference in the age range of 20's and 30's. There were measurements that increase MD with an increase in age; under-bust girth and lateral shoulder length for women and lateral shoulder length for men. This comparison of MD between men and women provide the correct guidelines for the use of SM.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2017

본 연구의 목적은 테크노 스트레스 유발요인의 인구통계학적 차이를 살펴보기 위해 수행되었다. 그동안 테크노 스트레스에 영향을 미치는 다양한 요인에 대한 실증연구가 수행되었으나, 근본적 영향을 미친다고 알려져 있는 인구통계학적 요인들에서 어떠한 차이가 있는지에 대한 연구는 수행되지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구는 테크노스트레스 유발요인이 그동안 학자들이 주장해온 인구통계학적인 요인 중에서 성별, 연령, 교육수준, 컴퓨터 사용시간, 직위, 컴퓨터 지식 등에서 각각 어떠한 차이를 나타내는지 실증 분석을 분석하였다. 각각의 인구통계학적 요인을 모두 2개의 요인으로 구분한 후 독립표본 t-검정을 수행하여 차이를 검정하였다. 분석에 사용된 테크노 스트레스 유발요인은 업무과부화, 사생활 침해, 기술복잡성, 기술변화속도 등 5가지이다. 분석결과, 성별과 직위는 기술변화속도에서 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. 교육수준에서는 업무과부화가 차이가 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 연령에서는 업무 과부화, 사생활침해, 기술복잡성, 기술변화속도에서 차이가 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 컴퓨터에 대한 활용 지식에서는 기술복잡성, 직무불안정성, 기술변화속도에서 차이가 존재하였다. 마지막으로 컴퓨터 사용시간에서는 유의한 차이가 존재하지 않았다.