• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.213-221
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• 2011

The purpose of sewer system is to separate rain water from sewage water. Through this, it is possible to prevent the flood and preserve public water territory. For the past few years, many problems of the sewer system have been solved by the execution of sewer rehabilitation project. However, they still exist in sewer system caused by I/I, which are divided into infiltration and inflow. Infiltration means the rain water and underground water that infiltrate through breakage point on pipes, inflow means the water that flows in through misconnection on pipes. This study shows how the I/I calculation has changed according to the new standardized manual and identifies the I/I difference between the new calculation and the existing one. Through the analysis on the two calculation methods we examined the appropriacy of the new method by comparing it to the old one. The result points out that the new standardized manual is more appropriate than the old in aspect of objectivity and reproducibility(establish standardization), rationality(alteration of inflow unit).

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.12-24
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• 2003

Recently, endocnne dIsruptors have been known as one of the most harrnful chemical material. The purpose of this study is to investigate the cogintion and behavoor of milddle school students on the endocrine disruptors. To achieve this goal, survey research was conducted. Data were collected from 531 first and third-grade students in Suwon city. The main results of this study are summarized as follows FIrst, the mam source of information on the endocrine disruptors was mass media such as TV. This means environmental education in school is needed and mass media can be a very important tool for education. Secondly, as grades become higher, more students had knowledge on the endocrine disruptors. The difference between boys and girls was not significant. Thirdly, most students recognized endocrine disruptors as a dangerous material. However, they had an optimistic view on the possibility of resolving the environmental problems using science and technology in the future. Lastly, the scores of environmentally sound behavior was not highly correlated to those of knowledge. This means that in current environmental education system, more knowledge on the endocrine disruptors do not ensure more environmentally-correct behavior. These survey results show that environmental education on the endocrine disruptors should be constructed to induce correct behavior. That is, environmental education from now on has to be conducted to change the behavior of student as well as to increase knowledge.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.135-144
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• 2006

This study was to investigate the kinematic analysis to score of the Yurchenko stretch skill according to phases in a horse vaulting. For this study, 8 male national gymnasts were participated in acquiring three dimensional kinematical imagining data with four Sony PD-150 video cameras After digitizing motion, the Direct Linear Transformation(DLT) technique was employed to obtain 3-D position coordinates. The kinematic factors of the distance, velocity and angle variable were calculated for Kwon3D 3.1. The following conclusions were drawn; 1) The COG resultant velocity of the less skilled group decreased in PRF phase because the less skilled group had a larger flexion-knee angle than the skilled group in BC phase, Because the less skilled group had larger flexion-shoulder angle than the skilled group in HTO phase, At blocking movement, the body inclined a moving direction. By means of it, COG lowered 2) The skilled group had a more rapid COG's vertical velocity than the less skilled group at HTD and HTO event in HC phase, because this was performed the blocking movement with body angle and contacted on a horse vaulting small and its time short by means of contacting hands on a horse vaulting quickly. Such blocking movement made the vertical up-flight movement easy at POF phase bringing out rapid COG's vertical velocity after take off a horse vaulting.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.761-781
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• 2012

The collapse of structures due to snow loads on roofs occurs frequently for steel structures and rarely for reinforced concrete structures. Since the most significant difference between these structures is related to their ability to handle dead loads, dead loads are believed to play an important part in the collapse of structures by snow loads. As such, the effect of dead loads on displacements and stress couples produced by live loads is presented for plates with different edge conditions. The governing equation of plates that takes into account the effect of dead loads is formulated by means of Hamilton's principle. The existence and effect of dead loads are proven by numerical calculations based on the Galerkin method. In addition, a closed-form solution for simply supported plates is proposed by solving, in approximate terms, the governing equation that includes the effect of dead loads, and this solution is then examined. The effect of dead loads on static live loads can be explained explicitly by means of this closed-form solution. A method that reflects the effects of dead loads on live loads is presented as an example. The present study investigates an additional factor in lightweight roof structural elements, which should be considered due to their recent development.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.168-180
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• 1989

This study was attempted to develop the electronic-hydraulic hitch control system for position control of tractor plow and investigate the control performance of the system through experiments. Experiments were carried out to investigate the responses of the system to the step and sinusoidal inputs in position control. The effects of control mode, hydraulic flow rate, reference deadband, and proportional constant on control performance of the system were investigated. The following conclusions were derived from the study; 1. For the position control system operated on on-off control mode, positions of implement were controlled within ${\pm}0.73^{\circ}{\sim}{\pm}1.46^{\circ}$ in rockshaft angle to the reference position when the hydraulic flow rates were 5~15 l/min. For the position control system operated on PWM control mode, positions of implement were controlled within ${\pm}0.73^{\circ}$ to the reference position regardless of hydraulic flow rates. It means that the implement could be positioned more accurately to the reference position on PWM control mode than on on-off control mode. 2. As results of the frequency responses of the position control systems, no clear difference in control performance between on-off control and PWM control modes was found. As the hydraulic flow rates increased, the corner frequencies of amplitude attenuation and phase-angle change increased. It means that the control performance of the system could be improved as the hydraulic flow rate increases.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.15 no.3 s.56
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• pp.24-32
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• 2006

Through the increasing of social economies and cultural activities, the Food service industry have been growing up steadily in spite of low economic activity. This is owing to increasing income, participation of women in public affairs and a dual-income family, automobile culture, desire for healthful food, shorten working hours, changing of cultural style. Moreover, the recent importance of Interior finishing materials by means of fire in the Restaurant, legal fractional multiple use business establishment are recognized of publicity. Therefore, This Study aim object at probing into the characteristic of Interior finishing material and then analysing the characteristics of space and material according to the typical distribution. In the Interior planning of Restaurant, firstly it is need to probe the Characteristics of interior finishing material at the basic element. This study is going to apprehend the constitution of space and difference of proportion or a point of sameness in the characteristics of material. Moreover, the recent importance of Interior finishing materials by means of fire in the Restaurant, legal fractional multiple use business establishment are recognized of publicity. Throughout probe and analysing, it can append more efficiency and elasticity in the usage of interior finishing material.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.83-92
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• 2019

Land cover (LC) is an important factor in socioeconomic and environmental studies. According to various studies, a number of LC maps, including global land cover (GLC) datasets, are made using polar orbit satellite data. Due to the insufficiencies of reference datasets in Northeast Asia, several LC maps display discrepancies in that region. In this paper, we performed a feasibility assessment of LC mapping using Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) data over Northeast Asia. To produce the LC map, the GOCI normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was used as an input dataset and a level-2 LC map of South Korea was used as a reference dataset to evaluate the LC map. In this paper, 7 LC types(urban, croplands, forest, grasslands, wetlands, barren, and water) were defined to reflect Northeast Asian LC. The LC map was produced via principal component analysis (PCA) with K-means clustering, and a sensitivity analysis was performed. The overall accuracy was calculated to be 77.94%. Furthermore, to assess the accuracy of the LC map not only in South Korea but also in Northeast Asia, 6 GLC datasets (IGBP, UMD, GLC2000, GlobCover2009, MCD12Q1, GlobeLand30) were used as comparison datasets. The accuracy scores for the 6 GLC datasets were calculated to be 59.41%, 56.82%, 60.97%, 51.71%, 70.24%, and 72.80%, respectively. Therefore, the first attempt to produce the LC map using geostationary satellite data is considered to be acceptable.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.60-70
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• 2022

The use rate of sports facilities in Korea is increasing every year, which means that accidents are also increasing. However, it is difficult to determine the level of safety management necessary to prevent accidents because there are no measurement tools to evaluate such management of sports facilities. Accordingly, in this study, tools and models to evaluate the safety management level of public sports facilities were developed based on public company management evaluation guidelines and the EFQM Excellence Model. A comparative analysis of the proposed tools and models between local governments showed no difference in awareness of safety management by group. This means that active safety management activities are needed to improve the low level of interest in safety of public sports facilities. We hope that this model will be widely used for the safety management of public sports facilities and to identify improvements and priorities in safety management.

• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.27-36
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• 2024

This study aims to investigate whether information awareness, search purpose, and search expectations influence information avoidance among university students. The data were collected by using a self-completion questionnaire with convenience sampling of students from one university. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression using R 4.2.3. The main results are as follows: First, both search purpose and search expectations exhibited a significant inverse correlation with all information avoidance dependent variables. Second, there was a significant difference in the mean of search expectations across majors, such that science majors had higher search expectations than humanities majors. Third, there were significant differences in the means of the information avoidance-system and information avoidance variables by major, such that both variables had lower means for the science than the humanities group. Fourth, among the independent variables, search expectation had a significant effect on information avoidance-personal: the higher the search expectation variable, the lower the information avoidance-personal variable. This study confirmed that information avoidance should not only consider the psychological, emotional, and affective aspects of information seekers, but also that information seekers' information search purpose and search expectations are predictors of information avoidance.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.18-31
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• 2002

This study, as a basic research to manage a Chinese Medicine Health Promotion Center by way of showing an example, is a before and after experiment research for simple group to verify a difference with cholesterol, health status and perception of health in order to confirm a effectiveness of diet and regimen according to the 4th status of physical constitution. Research object was chosen of 42 persons who operate a physical constitutional dietary regimen among them after selecting professors and clinical nurses (55 persons) majoring in the science of nursing who participated in Chinese Medicine-oriented Nurse Training Course from Aug. of 2001 to Feb. of 2002 all over the country. Diagnostic tools for physical constitution was used of the questionary that is currently consisted of physical constitution grouping test in Eastern & Western Diagnose Center of K Medical Center, and rating of health status was used of the tool that standardized CMI(Cornell Medical Index) to be available for Korean, and perception measurement for health status was used of a visual analogue scale for the health status that each one perceive personally, and physiological status was measured of cholesterol in blood. Analysis for the collected data was carried out by percentage, $X^2$ test, paired t-test according to research object by using SPSS, and the results of this study are as follows. 1) There was no difference with cholesterol before or after the experiment for objects. As a result of estimation about difference with health status by areas before or after the experiment, there are more improved result in eyes, ears, digestive organs, bones and sinews organs, frequency of a disorder, habit, adaptation status, angry, healthy status than before the experiment. As a whole, after the experiment the health was more improved than before the experiment. As the result to inspect a difference of health perception between before and after experiment, after the experiment the health perception level was improved than before, however there was no meaningful differences. 2) As the result to inspect a difference of cholesterol between before and after experiment according to object's physical constitution, in the case of So-yang-in(a person with the minimum male: according to the male and female principles(the sun and the moon)) among the 4th status of physical constitution there was only meaningful difference statistically, however, after the experiment their cholesterol's value was increased. As the result to inspect the difference of health status between before and after the experiment according to physical constitution, all of Ta-um-in(a person with maximum the female), So-yang-in(with the minimum male), So-um-in(with the minimum female) had a meaningful difference before and after the experiment, which means that in all case by physical constitutional groups, after the experiment their health status was more improved than before the experiment. As the result to inspect a difference of health perception between before and after according to physical constitutions, in the case of Tae-um-in and So-um-in, average score after the experiment was risen than before the experiment so that it means that the level of health perception was improved, however, there was no meaning statistically. According to the above results, if continuous diet and regimen by each physical constitutions could be implemented, it is certain that the health could be maintained and promoted. And, what we are healthy is for oneself to feel it subjectively. However, I think that cholesterol score in blood that we can view objectively could be changed distinctly if we can implement a strict diet and regimen. Accordingly, it is necessary for a method and period of experiment to be more strict and longer. According to the above results, I would like to suggest as follows. 1) In order to understand health status by Korean's physical constitutions and to generalize it, these research will be repeated against much more objects that could be selected by proper grouping method to consider a representative. 2) It is necessary for a research to inspect health status by physical constitution by developing a health status measurement tool that has higher confidence and propriety based on physical constitutional theory.