• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.420-430
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• 1991

To compare the hypolipidemic effects of n6 linoleic acid. n3 $\alpha$-linolenic acid and n3 eicosapentaenoic acid in rats fed high carbohydrate(70% Cal) diet. male Sprague Dawley rats were fed different experimental diets for 6 weeks. which were different only in fatty acid composition. The dietary fats were beer tallow(BT) as a source of saturated fatty acid (SFA), corn oil(CO) for n6 linoleic acid(LA), perilla oil(PO) for n3 $\alpha$-linolenic acid(LL) and fish oil(FO) for n3 eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) Plasma total cholesterol(Chol) level was increased by n6 LA but decreased by n3 LL and n3 EPA and most effectively reduced by n3 EPA. HDL-Chol level was raised by n6 LA, but there was no significant change in HDL-Chol levels by n3 LL and was lowered by n3 EPA. Plasma TG level was reduced by n6 LA, but lipogenesis in liver was not affected by n6 LA. However, plasma TG level was lowered by n3 LL and EPA. Both lipogenic enzyme activity and liver TC level were also decreased by n3 PUFA. The relative proportions of TG in VLDL was significantly lowered by n3 EPA. but the proportions of Apo B in VLDL was not changed by n3 EPA. Overall. the hypolipidemic effect was in the order of EPA+ DHA(n3) >LL(n3) >LA(n6) and fish oil and perilla oil rich in n3 PUFA may have important nutritional applications in the prevention and treatment of hypertriglyceridemia.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.663-669
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• 2016

This study was conducted to analyze the nutrient compositions of stem and fruit of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten (OF) and Opuntia humifusa (OH). The results of the two-way analysis of variance test indicated that the parts, varieties and parts*varieties had influence on nutrient content except crude protein, soluble dietary fiber, Fe, Se, I, vitamin E, niacin and vitamin C. Moisture and crude ash content was higher in stem than in fruit, while crude lipid and insoluble dietary content was higher in fruit than in stem. Mineral content revealed that K (1,313.67 mg% in OF, 1,351.38 mg% in OH) was the highest in fruit and Ca (5,146.29 mg% in OF, 1,388.19 mg% in OH) was the highest in stem. Vitamin C was the most abundant vitamin in the fruit of OF (199.98 mg%) and OH (187.12 mg%). Polyunsaturated fatty acid was the highest among fatty acids (66.9~70.1%), with higher content in the stem (753.89 mg%) than fruit (578.01 mg%) in OF, while higher in the fruit (1,093.63 mg%) than stem (475.07 mg%) in OH. Moisture, crude protein, Mg, Se and riboflavin was higher in OF than OH; whereas, crude lipid, insoluble dietary fiber, total dietary fiber and monounsaturated fatty acid were higher in OH than OF. These results indicated that OF and OH could be a good food source for Ca, K and Vitamin C. Also, different nutrient content by parts and varieties, can be helpful in choice of parts or varieties for consumer purposes.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.213-222
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• 1996

The most abundant long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid in brain lipids is docosahexaenoic acid(C22 : 6 N-3, DHA). It is incorporated into nerve tissues mostly in utero and during the first year of life. DHA in brain is derived from either pre-formed DHA in human milk or by infant hepatic synthesis from linolenic acid in milk. This study was designed to investigate the effects of DHA supplementation on fatty acid profiles in maternal plasma lipid and breast milk. Twenty lactating women participated in the study. Seven women took 3g of fish oil per day and vitamin E for 28 days starting from the day of giving birth. Five women consumed 1.5g of fish oil as well as tivamin E, and the rest took vitamin E supplements for the same period of time. Dietary questionnaires and 3 consecutive 24-h recalls were collected to evaluate theri nutritional status and food habits. Finding that DHA intake from fish was not significantly different among three experimental groups, the partcipants were instructed to continue eating their usual home diets. Milk samples were taken on the day of giving birth, as well as the 7th, 14th and 28th day being the supplement phase, and finally 2 weeks after the cessating of DHA supplements. The amounts of the fish oil supplements produced significant dose-dependent increased in the DHA content of milk and plasma, but to a lesser degree. Base-line for 28 days raised the level to 2.05$\pm$0.43% and 1.5g/day supplement produced DHA levels of 1.02$\pm$0.19%. The results of this study indicated that relatively small amount of dietary DHA supplementation significantly elevats DHA content in milk. This would clearly elevate the infant's DHA intake which in turn may have implications for the infant's brain development.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.357-365
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• 2006

DHA, one of w-3 fatty acids, modulates cell growth or death though the changes of apoptotic signaling in human endothelial ECV304 cells. We investigated the effects of DHA on the changes of apoptotic signaling in human vascular endothelial ECV304 cells using lipid peroxidation (LPO) metabolites. LPO could be originated by dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid(LA), arachidonic acid(AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). DHA caused cell death of ECV304 cells compared to LA, AA or control as evidenced by changes in cell morphology and MTT assay. LPO levels was significantly elevated by 10 fold in DHA-treated ECV 304 cells and caspase-3 activity was increased by DHA corresponding to increasing incubation times compared to control. One of reasons of the cell death in DHA-treated ECV304 cells could be expected that caspase activity, marker for mitochondrial damages, might be triggered by the increasing LPO levels. Our results strongly indicated that DHA induced LPO production has an important role on apoptotic signaling pathway in ECV304 cells. LPO production in endothelial cells which was metabolized by oxidation of dietary PUFA, might be one of risk factors in the initial progression of atherosclerosis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.786-791
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• 2010

The effects of fermented garlic powder on production performance, egg quality, blood profiles and fatty acid composition of egg yolk in laying hens were studied in a 35-d experiment. Two-hundred and forty (ISA brown) layers aged 41 weeks were randomly allocated into the following four treatments: i) CON (basal diet); ii) G1 (CON+fermented garlic powder 1.0%); iii) G2 (CON+fermented garlic powder 2.0%) and iv) G3 (CON+fermented garlic powder 3.0%). There were no differences (p>0.05) among treatments in egg production, egg weight, eggshell breaking strength and eggshell thickness throughout the whole experimental period. However, yolk height was increased significantly (p<0.05) by the addition of fermented garlic powder during the 5th week while yolk color was greater (p<0.05) in G2 and G3 than in CON and G1 in the 5th week. Compared with CON, Haugh unit was increased (p<0.05) in response to fermented garlic powder treatments during the 5th week. No significant effects on total protein, albumin and IgG were observed in response to any of the treatments over the experimental period (p>0.05). There was a significant (p<0.05) reduction in plasma cholesterol concentration when the dietary level of fermented garlic powder was increased from 0.0 to 3.0%. The levels of saturated fatty acids (SFA) were significantly decreased (p<0.05) in response to G2 and G3 while monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were higher (p<0.05) in G2 and G3 treatment groups than in CON and G1. Compared with other treatments, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and PUFA:SFA ratio were higher (p<0.05) in G3. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that addition of fermented garlic powder reduced plasma cholesterol concentration and did not cause adverse effects on production performance. Moreover, addition of 3.0% garlic powder decreased SFA but increased PUFA and PUFA:SFA ratio in egg yolk.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.1004-1009
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• 2013

기능성식품 또는 첨가제로의 적용가능성을 확인하기 위하여 6 종 해조류의 생화학적 조성 및 영양학적 가치를 분석하였다. 갈조류(미역, 톳, 다시마), 홍조류(김, 꼬시래기) 및 녹조류(파래) 등 해조류의 생화학적 조성(수분, 회분, 단백질, 지질 및 식이섬유)과 지방산 함량이 분석되었다. 수분함량은 11.47-13.94%, 회분은 19.15-26.50%, 단백질은 5.08-15.44%, 지질은 2.75-4.43% 및 식이섬유는 36.84% to 52.98%로 나타났다. 주요지방산은 C14:0, C16:0, C18:0, C16:1, C18:1n-3, C18:2n-6, C18:3n-6, C20:4n-6 및 C20:5n-3이었다. 흥미롭게도 분석된 해조류에서 docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3, DHA)는 검출되지 않았거나 미량 검출되었다. n-3 지방산 함량은 다른 PUFA에 비해 높았으며, n-6/n-3 비율은 매우 낮았다. 이러한 결과는 우리나라 연안에서 서식하고 있는 해조류가 인간 건강에 유익할 수 있음을 의미한다.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.252-262
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• 2002

The growing interest in the application of arachidonic acid (ARA) in various fields of health and dietary requirements has elicited much attention on the industrial production of ARA-containing oil by the cultivation of Mortierella fungi. For the industrial production of ARA, various studies, such as isolation of a high-potential strain and optimization of culture conditions, have been conducted. Studies including the investigation of morphology are important because ARA is accumulated in the mycelia, and thus cultivation with high biomass concentration is essential for obtaining a high ARA yield. Combining the results derived from various studies, a high ARA yield was attained in an industrial fermentor. These ARA production techniques are applicable to the production of other polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and will contribute to the improvement of fermentation technology especially in the field of fungal cultivation.

• 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가금학회 2000년도 제17차 정기총회 및 학술발표
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• pp.108-110
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• 2000

A 12-w feeding trial was conducted with 600 38-wk-old layers to evaluate the nutritive value of high oil corn(HOC) in layer diets. For the control, a commercial corn-soybean meal basal diet was used. An iso-calorie diet(HOC-ISO) was prepared replacing corn with HOC in the control diet. In addition a third diet was prepared by simply replacing corn with HOC on 1:1 basis to give a high energy diet(HOC-1:1). There were 5 replicates per treatment, and 40 birds per replicate. Birds were housed in an open-sided layer house equipped with wire cages. Feed and water were provided ad libitum, and 17L:7D lighting program was adopted. No significant difference (P>0.05) was found among dietary treatments in laying performance. Also physical qualities of eggs were not significantly affected by the feeding of HOC. Although not significant, HOC-ISO tended to improve the laying rate during the summer. The HOC feeding significantly increased the polyunsaturated fatty acids contents in egg yolk, especially the linoleic acid The AME contents of Chinese yellow corn, U.S. corn, and HOC were 3177, 3158 and 3387 kcal/kg respectively.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.14-19
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• 2006

Breast cancer may be the consequence of free radical damage, which is partially caused by the excessive intake of dietary fat and imbalances in antioxidant scavenger system;. In this experiment, we examined! the effects of dietary peroxidizability index (PI) values on hepatic thiobmbituric acid reaction substances (TBARS) and antioxidant enzyme activities in rats treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[$\alpha$]anthracene (DMBA). Female Sprague-Dawley rats were used and 7,12-DMBA (20 mg/kg body weight) was gastrically intubated at seven weeks of age in order to induce mammary tumors (MT). The levels of dietary PI were 36, 81, 126 and 217 (LPI, MLPI, MHPI and HPI), while dietary polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acids ratio was maintained at the same level (1.0). Fat used in the experiment was mixed with soybean oil, com oil, palm oil, perilla oil, sesame oil, fish oil, and beef tallow. Experimental diets were given for the following 20 weeks. We measured tumor numbers and weights, and then assayed the hepatic TBARS levels and antioxidant enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR). The incidence of Mr was the lowest in the MHPI group. The hepatic TBARS level was significantly raised with increasing dietary PI value. The hepatic SOD and GR activities were differed significantly by dietary PI value. The hepatic SOD activity was negatively correlated with dietary PI value and GR activity was the highest in the rats fed the MHPI diet. When the dietary P/S ratio is kept at 1.0, adequate dietary PI value (PI value of 126) may reduce the incidence and growth of Mr, but this benefit may be lost with higher dietary PI value. These results suggest that the awareness of dietary PI values may help to decrease breast cancer incidence and growth.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.575-583
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• 2011

구운 마늘의 생리활성 기능과 이용 가능성에 관한 연구의 일환으로 구운 마늘의 영양성분 및 생리활성 성분을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 일반성분은 건물량 기준으로 수분 5.30%, 조단백질 36.89%, 조지방 12.60%, 조회분 4.36%, 식이섬유소 2.88% 및 탄수화물 37.97%였다. 구성당은 총 6종의 유리당 중 galactose 61.59 mg/100 g만이 검출되었으며, 구성 아미노산은 glutamic acid 함량이 5,275.00 mg/100 g로 가장 높았고, 다음으로 aspartic acid, arginine, ammonia, lysine, proline, valine, leucine 순이었으며 총 아미노산에 대한 필수아미노산의 비율은 36.60%로 나타났다. 구성 지방산은 linoleic acid, oleic acid, lauric acid 및 linolenic acid가 구운 마늘의 주요 지방산으로 전체 지방산의 96.50%로 나타났고, 불포화지방산이 85.22%로 포화지방산에 비하여 약 5.8배 높게 함유하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 유기산은 총 3종의 유기산이 검출되었는데, 이 중 oxalic acid 함량이 가장 많았고, 다음으로 benzoic acid, formic acid 순이었었다. 비타민 A, C 및 E의 함량은 각각 0.064 mg/100 g, 1.452 mg/100 g 및 0.037 mg/100 g로 모두 미량 검출되었으며, 비타민 C의 함량이 가장 높게 나타났다. 무기질은 K 함량이 980.80 mg/100 g로 가장 많이 함유되어 있었고, 다음으로 Mg, Ca 순이었으며 Na, Zn, Fe는 미량 검출되었다. 총 polyphenol, flavonoids 및 thiosulfates 함량은 각각 2.85 mg/100 g, 0.97 mg/100 g 및 0.61 OD/g 이었다.